Historians believe alcohol originated in the Middle East. When did it become a sin?
'Kerrigan in Copenhagen'
By THOMAS E. KENNEDY
Reviewed by SUSANN COKAL
A dipsomaniac writes a bar guide in Thomas Kennedy's novel.
Bookshelf: Mommy
By PAMELA PAUL
Picture books that are odes to the maternal.
President Medvedev tackles Russia's national disaster--alcoholism
Life expectancy for men in Russia has dropped to 57 years which is probably
not surprising when you consider that Russia has one of the highest per
capita rates of alcohol consumption in the world.
The DW-WORLD Article
http://newsletter.dw-world.de/
An Enclave of Brazilians Is Testing Insular Japan
By NORIMITSU ONISHI
Japanese-Brazilians pose an elementary test case for a difficult transformation in Japan, which is notoriously unwelcoming to immigrants but facing a demographic squeeze.
By NORIMITSU ONISHI
Japanese-Brazilians pose an elementary test case for a difficult transformation in Japan, which is notoriously unwelcoming to immigrants but facing a demographic squeeze.
Fiercest Fighting in Years Near Georgian Border
By MICHAEL SCHWIRTZ Fighting in the border region between the former Soviet republic of Georgia and a breakaway enclave has reached its highest level in years.
By MICHAEL SCHWIRTZ Fighting in the border region between the former Soviet republic of Georgia and a breakaway enclave has reached its highest level in years.
日本：life expectancy 平均余命.
In the last 40 years, the average life expectancy of Japanese women has risen by 11 years, while the average number of children they bear has declined from 2.2 to 1.3. Women today have more free time and broader choices, but does this mean they are happier?
預期壽命、生命期望或平均壽命（英文：life expectancy），指生物群體中衡量單一生命存活平均長度的統計量。
expected life 期望壽命；平均壽命：平均餘命
預估從出生到死亡的壽命。它是衡量某國家之人民生活品質的最基本指標。
台灣數據：1907年：男性28歲；女性30歲。1943年：男性42歲；女性51歲。
【以上日據時代】1952年：男性57歲；女性60歲。2003年：男性73歲；女性79歲。
當然，也可以用它來表示產品的「預期 [平均] 年數」。(會計學) depreciation-sum of expected life method預計年限總數折舊法。
***
2007年03月11日 格林尼治標準時間05:08北京時間 13:08發表
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香港人平均壽命延長首次超越日本
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香港政府統計處公布的數據顯示，2006年香港男性的平均壽命是79.5年，女性為85.6年。 2005年香港男女平均壽命則分別為78.8年和84.6年，而與1996年相比，去年的數字明顯有所增加。 在1996年，香港男女平均壽命分別為76.7年和82.7年。 香港男性的平均壽命也比冰島男性長。冰島男性的平均壽命是78.9年，瑞士是78.6年，而日本則是78.56年。 負責調查的香港統計處官員說，醫學科技的進步以及人們能更輕易得到便宜的醫療服務等，可能是使香港人平均壽命延長的原因。 日本在3月1日公布了5年一度調查數據，顯示2005年日本女性的平均壽命為85.52歲，男性為78.56歲。這一指標與2000年的上一次調查相比分別增加了0.92歲和0.84歲。 | ||
就產品而言﹐所謂期望壽命﹐可以用如下的方式表達：
MTBF (Mean Time Before Failure﹐針對可以修復的產品﹐表示兩次失敗間的平均時間)﹐表示修復後產品的平均壽命﹐為單位時間失敗率的倒數。
MTTF (Mean Time To Failure,針對無法修復的產品﹐表示產品出廠後失效之平均時間)﹐表示產品的平均壽命﹐亦為單位時間失敗率的倒數。
2007/1/3紐約時報 A Surprising Secret to a Long Life 有一全世界各國都適用的因果關係：學齡(Average Years of Education)越長，平均餘命( Life Expectancy in Years)越長：
Stay in School
Stay in School
The answers, he and others say, have been a surprise. The one social factor that researchers agree is consistently linked to longer lives in every country where it has been studied is education.It is more important than race; it obliterates any effects of income.
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May 22, 2007
Men in San Marino, women in Japan live longest, WHO says
A boy born in the mountainous enclave of San Marino in northeast Italy will likely live to 80, the world's longest male life expectancy, but newborn girls in Japan and 30 other countries have even better prospects, the World Health Organization said.
A boy born in the mountainous enclave of San Marino in northeast Italy will likely live to 80, the world's longest male life expectancy, but newborn girls in Japan and 30 other countries have even better prospects, the World Health Organization said.
Sierra Leone registered the shortest male life expectancy at 37 years the same as for girls in Swaziland, the bottom of the female list, according to WHO's ''World Health Statistics 2007.'' Females in Japan who traditionally lead the world tables have a life expectancy of 86, the same as in last year's WHO statistics. San Marino men, who were tied with Japanese men last year at 79, have added a year to move ahead.
WHO said the life expectancy figures were based on 2005, the latest year available. It said statistics kept by its 193 member countries may vary in some cases because it had computed the figures itself to ensure compatibility.
Following San Marino on the male side were Australia, Iceland, Japan, Sweden, and Switzerland at 79 years and then Canada, Israel, Italy, Monaco, and Singapore at 78. France was tied for 12th place at 77 years with a group of countries including New Zealand and Britain. Germany was at 76 years, and the United States was tied with Cuba and other countries for 33rd place at 75.
Countries with long-lived women include Monaco, 85 years, and Andorra, Australia, France, Italy, San Marino, Spain, and Switzerland at 84. Canada tied Iceland and Sweden at 83 years for women, and Germany was in a group at 82 years. Britain came in at 81 years and the United States tied for 32nd place with Costa Rica and Denmark at 80 years.
Afghanistan is the toughest place for babies to survive, with an infant mortality rate of 165 in 1,000 live births, compared with the two babies who die per 1,000 born in Singapore or Iceland. But Sierra Leone is worse than Afghanistan for mothers' survival, with a maternal mortality rate of 2,000 per 100,000 live births. The rate for Afghanistan was 1,900. Ireland did best at four deaths, followed by Spain, Italy, Finland, Canada, and Austria at five deaths. Diet is often given as a major factor in life expectancy, but the report did not give specific reasons for each country's showing. However, it noted that many of the countries that fared badly spent much less money on health.
It also noted that tobacco use had a ''high prevalence among the world's poorest people,'' and suggested that the low life expectancy in some countries could be linked to high rates of diseases like HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis. (Alexander G. Higgins, AP)
dipsomania
Syllabification: (dip·so·ma·ni·a)
Pronunciation: /ˌdipsəˈmānēə/
Definition of dipsomania
noun
Derivatives
enclave
n.
- A country or part of a country lying wholly within the boundaries of another.
- A distinctly bounded area enclosed within a larger unit: ethnic enclaves in a large city.
[French, from Old French enclaver, to enclose, from Vulgar Latin *inclāvāre : Latin in-, in; see en–1 + Latin clāvis, key.]
maternal[ma・ter・nal]
- 発音記号[mətə'ːrnl]
[形]
2 （▼比較変化なし）((限定))母から出た［受け継いだ］；母方の, 母系の
a maternal inheritance
母から受けた遺産［遺伝］
母から受けた遺産［遺伝］
my maternal grandfather
私の母方の祖父
私の母方の祖父
［中ラテン語māternālis （māter母＋-nus形容詞語尾＋-AL＝母に属する）. △MOTHER1］
ma・ter・nal・ìsm
[名]
ma・tèr・nal・ís・tic
[形]
ma・ter・nal・ly
[副]
1 則留言:
FALLING BEHIND: Americans are living longer than ever, but not as long as people in 41 other countries.
Summary Box: U.S. life span shorter
The Associated Press
Published: August 11, 2007
HIGHER RANK: Countries that surpass the U.S. include Japan and most of Europe, as well as Jordan, Guam and the Cayman Islands.
THE NUMBERS: A baby born in the United States in 2004 will live an average of 77.9 years. Andorra had the longest life expectancy at 83.5 years.
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