With lockdown easing in many parts of the world, bankers-turned-bakers are better off leaving the kneading to the professionals
Sara Krulwich/The New York Times
Theater Review
By CHARLES ISHERWOOD 10:01 PM ET
“Monkey: Journey to the West” turns an Asian fable into a spectacle of
animation, martial arts and acrobatics, offering a break from the usual
Lincoln Center fare.
'Mudlarking' around on the Thames History is everywhere in London and, not least, on the banks of the river Thames, where now you can go on tours in the hope of digging up pieces of history which could, if you're lucky, end up in a museum. A Bit of Kneading but a Lot of Versatility
By MELISSA CLARK
Toppings like ramps or sweet rhubarb help turn focaccia from an ephemeral treat into something more memorable.
"I brought in QualPro almost as a lark," he said. "I wanted to see if our managers' assessment was correct."
sourdough
維基百科，自由的百科全書
跳至導覽跳至搜尋
老麵指任何以非麵包酵母菌在麵粉為成份的培養基中發酵而成的
酵母，亦稱老麵種、酸麵糰(sourdough)、或「
天然酵母」。中式老麵較乾，往往是將揉過未用完的麵糰留作下一次使用，留在麵糰中的菌種滋長成為老麵。西式老麵為麵糊，每天替換一部分新的麵糊以減少菌落過度滋生。
傳統的老麵為以麵糊為培養基繁殖
原核菌(
細菌，主要為
乳酸菌)以及
真核菌(
酵母菌)而成的發酵母種。將老麵(培養基)中的菌落混合至新製的麵糰裡，可促進麵糰
發酵(發麵)，讓麵糰加熱(烤或蒸)後產生鬆軟的口感。
相對於近代麵包酵母菌為單一物種(
Saccharomyces cerevisiae)，老麵酵母通常包含不同菌種。人類在十九世紀分離出速發型麵包酵母菌之前的漫長歷史中，皆以此種混合不同菌種的麵糊作為酵母。不同人所培養的老麵可能會含有不同的菌種。一份河南工業大學的研究收集眾多老麵樣本，分析其中所含的乳酸菌，包括
乳酸桿菌屬以及
鏈球菌屬的細菌(如
嗜熱鏈球菌)等共十六株，顯示老麵中的細菌種類具有多元性；而不同菌種所發酵的饅頭口感亦有所差異。
[1]加拿大研究所收集的老麵菌株
Lactobacillus reuteri的
基因體被鑑定為與人體腸道正常菌株雷同，暗示兩者有關聯。
[2]
老麵中的菌種來自環境中既有的菌種。菌種培養需維持在安全的比例，一方面避免菌體過多(腐敗)，或是菌體過少(發酵功能低)，故自古以來許多文化都將酵母培養視為專業。在缺乏老麵技術的文化或不適合培養老麵的氣候環境中，麵食的發展往往缺乏發麵的步驟。
knead
verb [T]
to press something, especially a mixture for making bread, firmly and repeatedly with the hands and fingers:
Knead the dough until smooth
.tr.v.,
knead·ed,
knead·ing,
kneads.
- To mix and work into a uniform mass, as by folding, pressing, and stretching with the hands: kneading dough.
- To make or shape by or as if by folding, pressing, and stretching with the hands.
- To squeeze, press, or roll with the hands, as in massaging: kneading a painful calf muscle.
[Middle English kneden, from Old English cnedan.]
ねる 練る
《粉を》
knead; 《絹などを》
gloss; 《金属・粘土などを》temper; 《文章などを》polish (up);
improve ((on)); 《訓練する》train.
GOOGLE gold mine
Last update: November 11, 2007 – 9:05 PM
SAN FRANCISCO
Bonnie Brown was fresh from a nasty divorce in 1999, living with her sister and uncertain of her future. On a lark, she answered an ad for an in-house masseuse at Google, then a Silicon Valley startup with 40 employees. She was offered the part-time job, which began at $450 a week but included a pile of Google stock options.
After five years of kneading engineers' backs, Brown retired, cashing in most of her stock options, which were worth millions of dollars. To her delight, the shares she held onto have continued to balloon in value.
"I'm happy I saved enough stock for a rainy day, and lately it's been pouring," said Brown, 52, who now gets her own massages at least once a week.
She has traveled the world to oversee a charitable foundation she started with her Google wealth and has written a book, still unpublished, "Giigle: How I Got Lucky Massaging Google."
When Google's stock topped $700 a share last week before dropping back to $664 on Friday, it was not just outside shareholders who were smiling. According to documents filed on Wednesday with the Securities and Exchange Commission, Google employees and former employees are holding options they can cash in worth about $2.1 billion. In addition, current employees are sitting on stock and options they cannot immediately cash in that together have a value of about $4.1 billion.
Although no one keeps an official count of Google millionaires, it is estimated that 1,000 people each have more than $5 million worth of Google shares from stock grants and stock options.
When Brown left Google, the stock price had merely doubled from its initial offering price of $85. So Brown is glad she ignored the advice of her financial advisers and held onto a cache of stock.
As the stock continues to defy gravity, Brown, whose foundation has its assets in Google stock, can be more generous with her charity. "It seems that every time I give some away, it just keeps filling up again," she said. "It's like an overflowing pot."
NEW YORK TIMES
mas·seuse (
mă-sœz')
n.n. - 女按摩師
A woman who gives massages professionally.
[French, feminine of
masseur, masseur. See
masseur.]
masseur (
mă-sûr', mə-)
n.
A man who gives massages professionally.
[French, from
masser, to massage. See
massage.]
rhubarb
- 音節
- rhu • barb
- 発音
- rúːbɑːrb
- rhubarbの変化形
- rhubarbs (複数形)
[名]
1 [U]《植物》ダイオウ（大黄）；その根茎（下剤, 苦味薬）；その葉柄（パイ・ジャム用）.
2 [U]淡黄色.
3 ((米俗))激論, 口論；（特に野球試合中の）激しい抗議
4 [U]((話))（役者が群衆として）がやがや言う声.
Definition of acrobatics
noun
[usually treated as singular]
gymnastic feats: figurativegoes through all sorts of financial acrobatics to make the monthly payments
Definition of focaccia
noun
[mass noun]
a type of flat Italian bread made with yeast and olive oil and flavoured with herbs.
Origin:
Italian
mudlark 意味, 定義, mudlark は何か: 1. someone who searches the mud (= soft, wet ground) near rivers trying to find valuable or…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudlark
Mudlarks of Victorian London (
The Headington Magazine, 1871)
Definition of lark
noun
something done for fun, especially something mischievous or daring; an amusing adventure or escapade:I only went along for a lark
[usually with modifier] British informal an activity regarded as foolish or a waste of time:he’s serious about this music lark
verb
[no object] (lark about/around) British
enjoy oneself by behaving in a playful and mischievous way:he’s always joking and larking about in the office
Derivatives
larky
adjective
Origin:
early 19th century: perhaps from dialect
lake 'play', from Old Norse
leika, but compare with
skylark in the same sense, which is recorded earlier
IN BRIEF: n. - Any carefree episode; Any of numerous predominantly Old World birds noted for their singing.
Rise with the lark, and with the lark to bed. — James Hurdis, Source: The Village Curate.
lark (ACTIVITY)
noun [C] INFORMAL
1 an activity done for amusement, which is slightly bad but is not intended to cause serious harm or damage:
The kids hid their teacher's bike for a lark.
2 this ... lark a way of referring to an activity or a situation that you are not enjoying:
I don't really think I'm suited to this marriage lark.
I've had enough of this commuting lark.
Lark about
Meaning
Play the fool, in a childish or careless manner.
Origin
There are several possible derivations of the word 'lark' in this context. 'Larking about' or 'lark about' (sometimes used as 'larking around' or 'lark around') has been used to mean 'getting up to mischief; playing the fool' since at least the middle of the 19th century. At source its origins may well be somewhat earlier than that; how much earlier depends on which of the proposed origins proves to be correct. The principal theories are that either:
'Larking' derives from the Yorkshire dialect word 'lake', meaning 'to amuse oneself'. For example, in a book by William of Palerne, circa 1350:
[He] layked him long while to lesten at mere. [listen to merriment]
'The Yorkshire pronunciation of 'lake' sounds like 'laik', which could be mistaken for 'lark' outside the county.
or:
'Larking' derives from 'skylark' and alludes to the well-known aerial acrobatics of the European Skylark. When they are on the ground these inconspicuous little birds look like what birdwatchers disparagingly call SBJs - 'small brown jobs'. In the air and singing they are transformed into one of nature's wonders - spiralling upward and trilling an exquisite song. Of course, skylarks were the inspiration for the UK's favourite piece of classical music - Ralph Vaughn Williams' The Lark Ascending. They also appear to have inspired sailors to describe lads who played around in the rigging of ships as skylarks. This term appears to have been coined with reference to the earlier name 'mudlarks' - the children who played and scavanged about the shoreline. Skylarks were first defined in a rather unlikely source, The Student's Comprehensive Anglo-Bengali Dictionary, Kanta, 1802:
Skylarking, the act of running about the rigging of a vessel in sport; frolicking.
The use of 'lark' as a verb begins soon after that, as in an entry for 1813 in the diary of Lieutenant Colonel Peter Hawker:
"Having larked all the way down the road."
The first mention that I can find of 'larking about' in print comes from an edition of the American magazine The Living Age, 1844:
One of the young genelmen was called Mr. Larkins, and I'm blessed but the name he hailed by tallied exactly with the cast of his figure-head and the trim of his craft, for he was eternally larking about somut or other, and his very face displayed a mixture of fun and mischief.
Of the two theories presented above, it does seem that the 'skylarking' origin is by far the more likely.
Whatever the origin, 'larking' may well have been the source of the term 'larrikin', i.e. 'hooligan; rowdy young fellow' (although there are other theories on that too). Fred Jago's Ancient Language and Dialect of Cornwall, 1882, includes this definition:
Larrikins, mischievious young fellows, larkers.
The term migrated to Australia and New Zealand and was in widespread use there in the 19th century. In the same way that a current UK term for rowdies - 'lads', has led on to female rowdies being called 'ladettes', polite Victorian society down under often complained about the excesses of 'larrikinesses'.
Joseph Wright's Supplement to the English Dialect Dictionary, 1905, cites Warwickshire and Worcestershire sources that defined larrikin as 'a mischievous or frolicsome youth'. While the English West Midlands may not have been the source of the term, the common use of it there no doubt influenced the choice of name of Jethro Larkin, a character in The Archers, the BBC's long-running soap opera (sorry, 'Radio drama'), which is set in that region.
