courage, illegitimate, line judge, line one's pockets, legitimacy, ferret, ferret out,declared the result of Russia’s presidential vote illegitimate.

“The question is not who influences you, but which people give you courage.” —Hilary Mantel https://buff.ly/2JtfueW

America, Britain, the EU and Ukraine have declared the result of Russia’s presidential vote illegitimate. We explain why democratic governments have few good options when it comes to responding to dodgy elections abroad: https://econ.st/3x6U8hw

Photo: Getty Images

Robert Reich

More unbridled corporate greed. General Electric has announced that it will freeze the pensions of 20,000 workers in order to cut costs. The freeze means that many workers will now have to delay retirement or take a second job to make ends meet. At the same time, GE CEO Larry Culp raked in more than $15 million in total compensation last year.


The company also has a long history of avoiding federal taxes. Between 2008 and 2015, General Electric paid no federal income taxes, and actually received rebates. It's time to stop lining the pockets of shareholders and wealthy executives at the expense of American workers. Your thoughts?

LABOR411.ORG

GE, Who Paid Its CEO $15 Million Last Year, Just Froze Workers’ Pensions

QUOTATION OF THE DAY

"I think it was probably either the mayor of New York or Vladimir Putin. I am going to leave it to you great investigative reporters to follow the facts and ferret out the truth."

GOV. ANDREW M. CUOMO, during a call with reporters, responding to rumors that his longtime rival Mayor Bill de Blasio has encouraged the actress Cynthia Nixon to jump into the governor’s race.

Cat gives two ferrets a bath

 The pope gave a clear example. When he heard that a priest in Rome would not baptize an illegitimate child he said, "There are no illegitimate daughters or sons - there are only children. The mother has the right to have her child baptized. The church must open its doors to everyone." Until now it's been forbidden to talk about sexual morality, celibacy and homosexuality. Theologians and priests who did not conform were censored. Nowadays these topics are open for discussion.


"I think newspapers are the only instrument which, through investigative reporting, can ferret out everything about international corruption," he added.


Open: Novak Djokovic out on default after hitting line judge
sports.yahoo.com › novak-djokovic-...

- Djokovic, the world No. 1, accidentally hit a line judge in the neck when he hit the ball back off his racket. He had just lost a point in the opening set. The ...

line judge Line judge definition: an official in football , volleyball , tennis , etc who assists the referee by judging.


ferret

Pronunciation: /ˈfɛrɪt/
noun

• 1a domesticated polecat used chiefly for catching rabbits. It is typically albino in coloration, but sometimes brown. See polecat-ferret.
  

  • Mustela furo, family Mustelidae; descended mainly from the European polecat

• 2  an assiduous search for something:he had a quick ferret around

verb (ferrets, ferreting, ferreted)

• 1 [no object] (of a person) hunt with ferrets, typically for rabbits: (as noun ferreting)ferreting is increasing in popularity
• [with object] clear (a hole or area of ground) of rabbits with ferrets.

• 2 [no object] rummage about in a place or container in search of something:he shambled over to the desk and ferreted around
• [with object] (ferret something out) discover information by means of an assiduous search or investigation:she had the ability to ferret out the facts

Derivatives
ferreter

noun

ferrety
adjective

Origin:

late Middle English: from Old French fuiret, alteration of fuiron, based on late Latin furo 'thief, ferret', from Latin fur 'thief'

ferret out
Uncover and bring to light by searching, as in Sandy was a superb reporter, tireless in ferreting out whatever facts were needed for her story. This expression alludes to hunting with ferrets, weasel-like animals formerly used to drive rabbits out of their burrows. [c. 1600]

line² (līn)
tr.v., lined, lin·ing, lines.

1. To fit a covering to the inside surface of: a coat lined with fur.
2. To cover the inner surface of: Moisture lined the walls of the cave.
3. To fill plentifully, as with money or food.

idiom:
line (one's) pockets

1. To make a profit, especially by illegitimate means.

[Middle English linen, from line, flax, linen cloth, from Old English līn, from Latin līnum.]

line one’s pockets

原文：”… and line their pockets by falsifying election returns （偽造選舉結果，借此牟利。）”

出處： 李叔湘 翻譯工作和”雜學”

解說：此處動詞 line 表示「填滿錢包或肚子等」

在 The New Oxford American Dictionary : “line one’s pockets” make money, especially by dishonest means. 飽入私囊

在 The Concise Oxford Dictionary :

line one’s pocket (s)(purse)

line
[動](他)

1 〈衣服・箱・カバンなどに〉裏をつける, …を裏打ちする；…の内側を（…で）おおう((with ...))；…のおおい［裏地］になる

line a jacket with wool
ジャケットをウール地で裏打ちする.

2 〈財布・ポケット・胃などに〉詰め込む, （…で）…を満たす((with ...))

line one's pockets ［purse］
（不正な手段で）ふところを肥やす.

［ラテン語līnum（亜麻）. △LINEN］

illegitimate

Pronunciation: /ˌɪlɪˈdʒɪtɪmət/

adjective

• 1not authorized by the law; not in accordance with accepted standards or rules:defending workers against illegitimate managerial practices

• 2(of a child) born of parents not lawfully married to each other.

noun

• a person who is illegitimate by birth.

Derivatives

illegitimacy
noun

illegitimately
adverb

Origin:

mid 16th century: from late Latin illegitimus (from in- 'not' + legitimus 'lawful'), suggested by legitimate
legitimacy      名][U]合法，適法，正当，嫡出；正系；正邪を判断する分別.

Line breaks: le¦git¦im|acy

Pronunciation: /lɪˈdʒɪtɪməsi/

Definition of legitimacy in English:

noun

[MASS NOUN]

1Conformity to the law or to rules:refusal to recognize the legitimacy of both governments

1.1(With reference to a child) the quality of beinglegitimate:disputes over the legitimacy of heirs

2Ability to be defended with logic or justification;validity:it is difficult to judge the legitimacy of the rumour

2013年12月14日 星期六

戴耀廷 - 合法性、正當性、認受性

明報   2013年12月14日

Legitimacy是一個複雜的概念，主要是與政治權力有關。這概念包含不同向度，至少包括法律、政治倫理及社會心理的向度。從它的中文翻譯，就可看到其複雜性。Legitimacy的中文翻譯，常見的有「合法性」、「正當性」和「認受性」。

「合法性」是一個常用的翻譯，其重點是法律的向度，在於權力是否按合法的途徑取得，這是最狹窄的理解。另一個翻譯是「正當性」，重點是政治倫理。按一些政治倫理的理論，合法的權力會被視為正當的權力，但若用其他政治倫理的理論，合法的權力未必是正當的。因此，政治權力是否正當，無論合法與否，完全取決於所依據的政治倫理的理論是什麼。「正當性」能帶出這概念更豐富的內涵，因而比「合法性」較好。且legality也是譯作「合法性」，故如果legitimacy也譯作「合法性」，會容易做成概念上的混亂。

還有一個翻譯是「認受性」，重點是社會心理的向度，在於權力擁有者是否被人們認可和接受他們是正當地擁有權力。與「正當性」不同之處，權力正當與否，不在於政治倫理的理論，只在於人們實際上是否認受那權力安排。只要人們實際認受權力，即使從政治倫理的角度看是不正當，對那些人來說，權力仍是正當的。舉一個例子，在中國皇朝時代，當然以現在的民主、法治的政治倫理去看，皇帝的權力是不正當的。但在幾千年的中國歷史，卻鮮有人會質疑皇權是不正當的。大部分人都實際地接受了皇權是正當的，反是持異見者會被人們視為是離經叛道。同樣，合法的權力會被認受，但卻不是必然。合法的權力可能不會被人民所認受，但不合法的權力也可能會被人民所認可，不然也不可能有革命的出現。

選擇哪個legitimacy的翻譯，可能反映人判斷政治權力是否正當的標準是什麼。那麼，特首是否legitimate呢？特區政府是否有legitimacy的危機呢？那就要看你用哪一個翻譯了。