borne, airborne, bear something out, beat on, borne back

Дафина Йотова

History of Architecture and Sculpture

Traces of History and Archeology and Art

3月28日下午8:29 · 

Aspendos Antique Theater (Airborne Aspendos Antique Theater) Turkey.

A new paper suggests that the virus might be getting a helping hand from atmospheric pollution

ECONOMIST.COM

Airborne particles may be assisting the spread of SARS-CoV-2

Reducing pollution seems to reduce

Doctors agree that masks offer protection, but more from a wearer’s own hands rather than from airborne pathogens. Learning about the outbreak informs who should wear which type of mask and how, with demand up to 100 times higher than usual and long backlogs in supply.
SCMP.COM

Surgical masks ‘protect more from germs on fingers than viruses in the air’

In the next sentence Bernanke writes: "Senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont...seemed to see the world as a vast conspiracy of big corporations and the wealthy."

Well, Ben, I think history has borne out Bernie’s view. The financial crisis wasn’t an accident. Several big banking corporations and their executives committed criminal fraud.


Some two years ago, Boeing officials emphasized that the 777’s engines were so reliable that not a single jetliner had suffered an engine failure on a takeoff roll just as it was about to become airborne.


British Airways 777 Catches Fire in Las Vegas After Engine Failure

A Boeing Co. 777-200 operated by British Airways suffered a major...
WSJ.COM|作者：JON OSTROWER


Quote:
"So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past." — The Great Gatsby's closing line, F. Scott Fitzgerald


beat on 襲いかかる
beat on 火般照曬, 波浪似撲向

 borne out
Which is correct?
Years ago, futurists predicted that by the 21st century we would all be piloting flying cars. Those predictions have not been _________ so far.
a. born out
b. borne out
Answer: b
Borne out means proven. Both words are past participles of bear but born is only used when the meaning is give birth.

borne

Syllabification: (borne)

Pronunciation: /bôrn/past participle of bear¹.

adjective

[in combination]

carried or transported by: waterborne bacteria insect-borne pollen

1.  
2.  Airborne 由空運輸的；起飛後停在空中
3.  

   airborne

   Syllabification: (air·borne)
   Pronunciation: /ˈe(ə)rˌbôrn/

   adjective

4. transported by air:airborne pollutants
5. (of an aircraft) in the air after taking off.

Adjective

airborne ‎(not comparable)

1. In or carried by the air.  [quotations ▼]

   Airborne pollen can aggravate allergies.

1. In flight.
2. fitted to an aircraft; e.g. airborne radar.
3. transported by air in an aircraft; e.g. airborne troops.

bear something out

[for facts or evidence] to support or confirm a story or explanation. The facts don't bear this out. Her story bears out exactly what yousaid.

1. carried or transported by:waterborne bacteria insect-borne pollen

2.  

figures of rhetoric, expressive turns and tropes

figures of rhetoric, expressive turns and tropes

Gérard Genette - Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Gérard_Genette
Figures I-III, 1967-70 (eleven selected essays from Figures I-III translated as Figures of Literary Discourse, 1982; selections of Figures III on narratology translated as Narrative Discourse: An Essay in Method, 1980). Mimologiques: voyage en ...

辭格III 作者：吉哈‧玖聶特 出版社：時報文化出版日期：2003   簡略修辭學 一九六九至七○年間幾乎在同時出版了三本著作，雖然它們的範圍深淺不一，但它們的標題卻以一種極具徵候性的方式相互呼應：一本是列日（Liège）學派的《普通修辭學》（Rhétorique générale, 1970）， 大家知道其原先的書名為《概要修辭學》（Rhorique galis）；再者是米歇爾‧德居（Michel Deguy）的文章，〈概要辭格之理論〉； 以及雅克‧索謝（Jacques Sojcher）的〈隱喻概論〉； 修辭學─辭格─隱喻：在一種偽愛因斯坦式概論之否認或補償的幌子之下，數世紀以來像日益減少之財產般不斷地縮小其能力範圍的學科，或至少可從此勾勒出其行動範圍的歷史進展之主要階段。亞里斯多德的《修辭學》並無意成為「通論」（更別說「概論」）：但它就其所探討對象的深淺度而言，確實是全面的，以致於辭格理論在此書中尚不值得特別提及：（全書三卷中）在專論文體與佈局的一卷裡，僅有數頁論及對照（comparaison）和隱喻（métaphore），其有如狹小之地域、偏僻之邊疆，淹沒在帝國的遼闊幅員當中。今天，我們 則進行到將有關辭格（figures）之論著稱為修辭學總論的地步了。而如果我們可以「概論化」這麼多東西的話，顯然是因為已簡略太多：從柯拉（Corax）至今，修辭學史是一部 Y。 從表面上看來，自中古初期古典修辭學─也就是在亞里斯多德和昆提連[1]的著作中可見的─所特有的平衡開始瓦解：首先文類（評議性、辯論性、訓誨性）之間的平衡瓦解，由於共和制度的死亡（塔西特〔Tacite/Tacitus タキトゥス 《55?‐?120; ローマの歴史家》.〕早已看出這是雄辯術衰退的原因之一 ），造成評議性文類的消失，而與公民生活的大環境息息相關的訓誨性文類似乎也無影無蹤：馬提諾斯‧卡布拉（Martianus Capella），然後是衣希多爾‧德‧塞維勒（Isidore de Sille），兩人皆注意到這些棄用：修辭學是公民辯論中發展完/善的科學； 其次，「段落」（起頭、佈局、結辯）之間的平衡則由於三者的修辭技巧交會，而在文法和辯證之間遭到擠壓，迅速被侷限在論述的口語表達、論述裝飾和華麗修辭等的研究中。尤其在法國，古典時期，特別是十八世紀，便承繼了這類型態，不斷在文學作品（尤其是詩歌）中強調將誇張的辭藻奉為至尊：荷馬與維吉爾（隨後即是哈辛）取代了戴蒙斯那（Dosthe）和西塞羅[2]，修辭學在本質上傾向於變成一種詩學性術語的探究。

對於Barzun 的看家本領
我有興趣 (p. 497)

...the Berlioz mode of creating out of the musical elements what might be called figures of rhetoric, expressive turns and tropes that enticed others to coin their own. So true is that in any art style is the ultimate communicative force.

台灣版 "促發他人也去自我創造的誘因 不在其他樂曲形式 卻在其創作模式--那種可以從音樂元素之中 創造出可稱為修辭性的表情變化與詞藻 任何藝術最終的傳情表意之力 全在於其風格--是哉斯言"

大陸版 "他利用音樂要素創造出象徵性的藝術語言 那些表意豐富的轉折和附加旋律誘使別人也忍不住自己也一試身手 在任何藝術中 感染力最大的是風格 這一點是千真萬確的 "

Pan："我覺得大陸的翻譯略勝一籌。這裡談的應該是音樂家白遼士的創作風格，可以他出名的《幻想交響曲》為例，以一個主題縱貫全曲，卻千變萬化。

該句有個關鍵詞：figures of rhetoric（修辭格），台灣譯者逕用「修辭性」，大陸譯者則用「象徵性的藝術語言」。這顯然是文學研究的著重點之一，網上可以找到許多這方面的英文網站，下面列出一則定義。

A rhetorical figure has traditionally been defined as an artful deviation (Corbett 1990). More formally, a rhetorical figure occurs when an expression deviates from expectation, the expression is not rejected as nonsensical or faulty, the deviation occurs at the level of form rather than content, and the deviation conforms to a template that is invariant across a variety of content and contexts. This definition supplies the standard against which deviation is to be measured (i.e., expectations), sets a limit on the amount and kind of deviation (i.e., short of a mistake), locates the deviation at the level of the formal structure of a text, and imposes a grouping requirement (i.e., there are a limited number of templates, each with distinct characteristics).
(http://lsb.scu.edu/~emcquarrie/rhetjcr.htm)

figure of speech　修辞, ことばのあや, 比喩; 誇張.

figures of rhetoric, expressive turns and tropes 兩者幾乎為"重言" 或重複語

fig・ure

 

━━ n. 形, 姿; 体型; 肖像; 外観; 風采; 人物, 名士; 象徴; 図面; 図案; 図解; （アラビア）数字; けた (three ～s 3けた）; 合計額; 値段; （pl.） 算数, 計算; 【スケート】フィギュア ((一連の動作)); （フィギュアスケートで）氷上に描く図形; 【数】図形; ことばのあや; 【楽】音型; 【ダンス】（ひと）旋回.

turn of phrase noun [C usually singular]
1 a way of saying something:
'Significant other' meaning 'partner' - now that's an interesting turn of phrase.

2 the ability to express yourself well:
She has a nice turn of phrase which should serve her well in journalism.

trope

━━ n. 【修辞】比喩(ひゆ)（的用法）.

shipboard, legendary advocacy,

With more than 100 sailors reportedly infected, the commander of the USS Theodore Roosevelt aircraft carrier says the shipboard outbreak will keep spreading unless his 4,000+ crew is quarantined.



log: A record of a ship's speed, its progress, and any shipboard events of navigational importance.


It has been two decades since C.Y. Tung's death. Much has been written about his legendary life: the shipping magnate who owned 150 ships totalling more than 11 million tons, his role and advocacy for shipboard education, the purchase of the largest passenger ship Queen Elizabeth to turn it into the Seawise University in 1971, and the building of the world's largest ship in the world, the 564,763-ton Seawise Giant, in 1979.

董 浩雲逝世至今逾二十年，其人事業依然為人稱道。這名航運大亨旗下輪船多達150艘，總重量超過1,100萬噸，其中 1979年建成重達57萬噸的「海 上巨人」，為至今全球最大輪船，引為一時美談；他亦不忘扶掖後學，1971年斥資購入當時世上最大客輪「伊利莎白皇后」號，改建為「海上學府」，真正「把 世界作當作他的戰場、他的課室、他的領域」。

The legendary campaigns and brands of advertising's modern history

The history of western advertising is a long one, starting as early as the 1630s, when Frenchman Théophraste Renaudot placed the first advertising notes in La Gazette de France, or in 1786, when William Tayler began to offer his services as "Agent to the Country’s Printers, Booksellers, etc.," but the first time that the term "advertising agency" was used dates back to 1842, when Volney B. Palmer created his agency in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Widely considered to represent the birth of modern advertising, this date marks the beginning of a creative industry that has transformed many commercial works into cultural icons.

shipboardとは

主な意味 船での、船上での

legend (FAME)
noun [C]
someone or something very famous and admired, usually because of their ability in a particular area:
Jazz legend, Ella Fitzgerald, once sang in this bar.

legendary 
adjective
very famous and admired or spoken about:
He became editor of the legendary Irish journal 'The Bell'.
The British are legendary (= well known) for their incompetence with languages.

advocate (SUPPORT)
verb [T]
to publicly support or suggest an idea, development or way of doing something:
[+ ing form of verb] She advocates taking a more long-term view.
He advocates the return of capital punishment.

advocate 
noun [C]
He's a strong advocate of state ownership of the railways.

advocacy 
noun [U]
She is renowned for her advocacy of human rights.

poxy, poxy bitch, unmaintained or otherwise unusable.

 

A Ventilator Stockpile, With One Hitch: Thousands Do Not Work By DAVID E. SANGER, ZOLAN KANNO-YOUNGS and NICHOLAS KULISH While President Trump has assured states that thousands of ventilators remain at the ready, thousands more are in storage, unmaintained or otherwise unusable.

No one in England has been called a “poxy bitch” for centuries. In Netherlands, it's a common in


















ECONOMIST.COM





Why Dutch swear words are so poxy



English insults often refer to sex; Dutch ones, to disease

poxy

adjective

 UK informal

UK 

 /ˈpɒk.si/ US 

 /ˈpɑːk-/

having little value, importance, or influence:

She lives in a poxy little village in the middle of nowhere.