普世數學教育的興起與信仰的關係 張文亮教授的觀點，待查語源。他錯誤。翻譯成清教徒，有時為對的，因為字源為拉丁文，意思為purity 純的等。
「求你指教我們怎樣數算自己的日子，好叫我們得著智慧的心。」(詩篇九十:12)
數學教育的重視，來自十六世紀中期的「清教徒的信仰」。「清教徒」Puritan，這字是precisionist的「精確者」意思。
Word History
Etymology
Noun
probably from Late Latin puritas purity
這非常特別，許多人接受信仰，是尋求幫助，尋求安慰，尋求力量，尋求平安等，但是歷經逼迫的這批基督徒，是尋求精確。
這批基督徒，堅持「精確」的信心，是來自上帝的救贖，產生蒙恩的經歷，信心為基礎的蒙恩經歷，超過人的理性，宗教的傳統，世上的權威。
堅持「精確」的信仰是來自個人與上帝的關係，不是人工的。
堅持「精確」的信仰是來自聖經的真理，不是自然界的現象。
者三個堅持影響了人類的數學思維，在1650年代，這批基督徒在牛津與劍橋大學，成立「數學系」，開啟日後普世的數學教育。為什麼是「數學」？
第一， 數學是「符號」，不是「文字」。文字經常有幾個不同的意思，一樣的文字，不同的引用，產生吊詭性的爭議。
精確的表達，必須用符號，例如1就是1，不會有其他的意思。精確的表達，是用數學建立的符號系統，喜愛精確，就會喜愛數學，這就是數學的重要。
第二，上帝創造，與維護宇宙的運行，是「法則」，如太初有「道」，不是機會。「法則」有上帝給人的啟示，有上帝留在自然界的。
而自然界的法則，是可以用數學去表達。數學可以去表達靜態的長、闊、高、深，表達動態的變化，如速度、加速度、時間等，數學成可量測世界的精確。
第三，數學可以公式化，精確的預測未來，或精確的說明過去的變化。法則化，必先數學化。數學的用處，在印證上帝創造宇宙的法則。
第四，數學有「絕對值」，有「無窮大」，有「初始值」，這是呈現上帝屬性的絕對、無窮，保守世界的始與終。
第五，數學教育的目的，在認識上帝的屬性、作為與安排，而非為了職業的用途、生活的運用、科學的研究等。
第六，數學讓人回到起初，如同0，由那裡算起。
第七，數學是智慧的學習，與學習的智慧，有許多巧妙的運算，也讓人學習專心與忍耐。
第八，數學是合主心意的溝通，聖經歷代志(上、下)、列王紀(上、下)是數學年代學，但以理書與啟示錄有末世的數學。
數學的教育在提醒我們，學什麼是「對」，比學什麼更重要。這樣的認識，500年來，普世數學教育的興起。現在許多學生，已經不易知道為甚麼要學數學，願這文章，補上一點點學生的空白。
One of our most popular articles of 2019 looked at how "hate speech" laws can be elastic tools for criminalising dissentIn both democracies and dictatorships, it is getting harder to speak up
ECONOMIST.COM
The global gag on free speech is tightening
In both democracies and dictatorships, it is getting harder to speak up
"Their jaundiced characters are the anti-heroes Brexit-era Britain deserves
Based on our review, we have not changed our conclusions that we expressed in July" - FBI director James Comey. USElection
No criminality in Clinton emails - FBIpu·ri·tan ˈpyu̇r-ə-tən
1
capitalized : a member of a 16th and 17th century Protestant group in England and New England opposing as unscriptural the ceremonial worship and the prelacy of the Church of England
2
: one who practices or preaches a more rigorous or professedly purer moral code than that which prevails
ECONOMIST.COM
The global gag on free speech is tightening
In both democracies and dictatorships, it is getting harder to speak up
"Their jaundiced characters are the anti-heroes Brexit-era Britain deserves
Based on our review, we have not changed our conclusions that we expressed in July" - FBI director James Comey. USElection
BBC.CO.UK
Shown here nearly three times its actual size, “Beauty Revealed: Self Portrait” was painted from life by a right-handed woman in a studio that was none too warm
The surprising story of America’s first boob selfie
The picture comes not from France, the home of sensuality. It was painted in puritanical Boston in 1828.
ECON.ST
Literature, Chinua Achebe liked to say, was his weapon. He railed against the portrayal of Africa, inspired a generation of writers to find their own voices and was unafraid to upset the powers that be. He was born on this day in 1930
In 2000, after Binoche accepted the lead role in Chocolat, the film adapted from Joanne Harris' book, she turned up uninvited on the doorstep of Harris' home in Yorkshire. They spent the weekend together, discussing the book and the film. Binoche's performance as chocolatier Vianne Rocher brought her an Oscar for Best Supporting Actress.
Chocolat is a 1999 novel by Joanne Harris. It tells the story of Vianne Rocher, a young mother, who arrives at a fictional insular French village of Lansquenet-sous-Tannes with her six-year-old daughter, Anouk. Vianne opens La Céleste Praline, a small chocolaterie, and her confections quickly begin to change the lives of the townspeople through magic, setting up a conflict with Francis Reynaud, the parish curate. Chocolat is a recent contribution to the literary stream of Magic Realism.
Harris has indicated that several of the book's characters were influenced by individuals in her life:[1] Her daughter forms the basis for the young Anouk, including her imaginary rabbit, Pantoufle. Harris' strong-willed and independent great-grandmother influenced her portrayal of both Vianne and the elderly Armande.
Chocolat is the French spelling of "chocolate", and is pronounced [ʃɔkɔˈla].
Mr. Bloomberg’s Chevrolet Suburban soon nosed into City Hall, and as the mayor walked to his work space on the second floor known as the bullpen, the deputy went to a basement “situation room,” conceived after the 2003 blackout but activated only weeks ago. The deputy turned on camera feeds and phones. Upstairs, the mayor’s first call was not to his police commissioner, but to the federal transportation secretary, Mary E. Peters — because there was “no evidence of criminality,” Mr. Bloomberg’s deputy said.
Ned is a derogatory term applied to certain young people in Scotland (similar to the terms chav* used in Wales and England, skanger in Ireland, and spide in Northern Ireland). The stereotypical view of a ned is a white adolescent male, of working class background, who wears fake Burberry, who engages in hooliganism, petty criminality, loutish behaviour, underage drinking and smoking or general anti-social behaviour[1]. They are often assumed to be unemployed.
Ewan Morrison: 'Neds should be eliminated. I came to this conclusion just before I called the police'The politically correct are right in a sense – words can exert a powerful influence. Through the word Ned becoming commonplace (check out the Oxford English Dictionary) it shows that, as a society, we're accepting Neds as part of our daily lives. To compound the problem, Neds are now looked upon with smiling eyes as a symbol of Scottish authenticity. Over and above the affectionate portrayals in TV shows such as Still Game, there are websites that celebrate all things Neddy – including Burberry, Buckfast and Neddette fashions.
| 1. | on Page 62: |
" ... its picaresque or puritanical form, needs little emphasis. Sometimes, as in Richardson's jaundiced portrayal of rakish aristocrats in Pamela and 62"jaundicedadjective FORMAL adj.━━ a. ひがんだ; 黄疸の［にかかった］.
judging everything as bad because bad things have happened to you in the past: He seems to have/take a very jaundiced view of life. I'm afraid I look on all travel companies' claims with a rather jaundiced eye, having been disappointed by them so often in the past. |
criminal
noun [C]
someone who commits a crime:
a dangerous/violent criminal
criminal
adjective
1 [before noun] relating to crime:
criminal activity
a criminal act/offence
criminal behaviour
a criminal investigation
2 very bad or morally wrong:
It's criminal to charge so much for a book.
The way we waste this planet's resources is criminal.
criminality noun [U]
criminally
adverb
criminalize, UK USUALLY criminalise
verb [T]
The law has criminalized (= made illegal) prostitution but not got rid of it.
crim・i・nal
━━ a., n. 犯罪の, 刑事上の; 罪を犯した, 犯罪になる; 犯人, （常習）犯罪者; けしからん.
crim・i・nal・is・tics
n. 科学的犯罪捜査法.
crim・i・nal・i・ty
n. 犯罪性.
crim・i・nal・ize vt. （行為を）不法とする; （人を）有罪とする.
crim・i・nal・ly ad.
criminal action 刑事訴追［訴訟］.
criminal code 刑法.
criminal conversation 【法】姦(かん)通.
criminal court 刑事裁判所.
criminal law 刑法.
⇒crime
crim・i・nal・is・tics
n. 科学的犯罪捜査法.crim・i・nal・i・ty
n. 犯罪性.crim・i・nal・ize vt. （行為を）不法とする; （人を）有罪とする.
crim・i・nal・ly ad.
criminal action 刑事訴追［訴訟］.
criminal code 刑法.
criminal conversation 【法】姦(かん)通.
criminal court 刑事裁判所.
criminal law 刑法.
⇒crime
portrayal
pɔːˈtreɪəl/
noun
- a depiction of someone or something in a work of art or literature; a picture."a realistic portrayal of war"
synonyms: painting, picture, drawing, portrait, sketch, representation, depiction,study, rendering, artist's impression More
- a description of someone or something in a particular way; a representation."the media portrayal of immigration"
- an instance of an actor playing a part in a film or play; a performance."his portrayal of the title character"
chocolatier
(chô'kə-lĭ-tîr, chŏk'-)
n.
- One who makes or sells chocolate.
- A place where chocolate is made or sold.
沒有留言:
張貼留言