Gaslighting, Pilates, Slows Cognitive Decline

 

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Pilates

/pɪˈlɑːtiːz/

noun

1. a system of exercises using special apparatus, designed to improve physical strength, flexibility, and posture, and enhance mental awareness.

   "this quest for better training has led many dancers to Pilates"

Gaslighting is a form of psychological manipulation in which a person or a group covertly sows seeds of doubt in a targeted individual or group, making them question their own memory, perception, or judgment.^[1] It may evoke changes in them such as cognitive dissonance or low self-esteem, rendering the victim additionally dependent on the gaslighter for emotional support and validation. Using denial, misdirection, contradiction and misinformation, gaslighting involves attempts to destabilize the victim and delegitimize the victim's beliefs.

煤氣燈效應是一種心理操縱的形式，其方法是一個人或一個團體隱秘地讓受害人逐漸開始懷疑自己，使他們質疑自己的記憶力，感知力或判斷力，其結果是導致受害者的認知失調和其他變化，例如低下的自我尊重。因為其使用否定，誤導，矛盾和錯誤信息，煤氣燈效應使受害者心理上去穩定化以及使受害者不再相信她/他們原來的的信仰。在現實案例中的範圍，可以從虐待者否認先前發生過虐待事件，到虐待者意圖使受害者迷失方向的怪異事件的發生。

該術語起源於劇本《煤氣燈》（Gas Light，1938年，但最初在美國以「安吉爾街」為名稱演出）及其1940年和1944年的改編版電影。該術語已用於臨床心理學文獻^{[1] :31–46 [2]}以及政治評論和哲學中。 ^[3]