synthetic, nylon, viruses can be synthetized from scratch?

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synthetic, nylon, viruses can be synthetized from scratch?

Synthetic versions of the deadly virus could help test treatments. But what are the risks when viruses can be synthetized from scratch?Synthetic versions of the deadly virus could help test treatments. But what are the risks when viruses can be synthetized from scratch?

TECHNOLOGYREVIEW.COM


Biologists rush to re-create the China coronavirus from its DNA code

The $330,000 project would mark an important step in effort to develop synthetic meat.

on Page 21:

... the attraction of the rural idyll, above all the incessant criticism of the supposedly synthetic, moneyed world of early eighteenth-century commercialism. In these respects the literary and journalistic ... "

synthetic
adj.

1. Relating to, involving, or of the nature of synthesis.
2. Chemistry. Produced by synthesis, especially not of natural origin.
3. 1. Not natural or genuine; artificial or contrived: “counterfeit rhetoric that flourishes when passions are synthetic” (George F. Will).
   2. Prepared or made artificially: synthetic leather. See synonyms at artificial.
4. Linguistics. Relating to or being a language, such as Latin or Russian, that uses inflectional affixes to express syntactic relationships.
5. Logic & Philosophy. Relating to or being a proposition that attributes to a subject a predicate not inherent in the subject and that does not result in a contradiction if negated.

n.
A synthetic chemical compound or material.

[Greek sunthetikos, skilled in putting together, component, from sunthetos, combined, from suntithenai, to put together. See synthesis.]

synthetically syn·thet'i·cal·ly adv.

Question of the Day:

What is synthetic?
Synthetic refers to any material made from non natural sources. This means that a product such as cloth is made from a chemical source rather than the fibers produced by nature. Cotton, linen, and rubber are natural sources for clothing production. Rayon, nylon, and plastics are chemical compounds which are made from sources that are not produced from the ground. Oil products are particularly of concern simply because of their chemical composition. These products do not decompose because they are chemically produced.

Another definition of synthetic is any product that cannot decompose without chemical help, because of its combined components.

一些Nylon周邊故事---取材2004年贈小讀者之資料
在1938年 Du Pont公司澄清Nylon為一般類產品，而不是傳說中的將New York和 LONdon合併的英美聯合注註冊商標…….

我在1989年服務於該公司，還看到1940年紐約時報（？）一張照片：一名婦女興高采烈穿上排隊買到的尼隆絲襪（Nylons）。

到1980年代 這東西的應用範圍已經非外行人所能了解（日本當然也很強），因為它工業用途（工程塑膠之主角，我們作connectors的廠商用得不少）很廣，並不只是消費產品。


這Nylon是產業史上投資研究發展（R& D）而能有「石破天驚」的特例。

Du Pont公司往後仍有極大規模的Experiment Stations （該公司對研發的稱呼），不過風光不再（我1992年與副董交談過，他搖頭……）

然後，約1995年，DuPont 竟然與英國ICI交換產品，du Pont又成為全球的大型生產廠商。不過公司發現21世紀的總口號應該是：
The Miracles of Science
而不是20世紀後半葉
Better Things for Better Life.


nylon 

IN BRIEF: A tough, artificial, elastic material.

 She preferred nylon strings on her guitar.

【nylon noun [U] 1938
an artificial substance used especially to make clothes, ropes and brushes:
These covers are 100% nylon.
a nylon shirt/bag
nylons 1940 plural noun OLD-FASHIONED
women's nylon tights or stockings】
n. - 尼龍
日本語 (Japanese)
n. - ナイロン, ナイロン製品
adj. - ナイロン製の

Modern Design Dictionary: Nylon

Otherwise known as polyamide, nylon is widely used in textiles, carpets, brushes, and, in moulded form, in a variety of products from curtain tracks to engineering components. The first commercial nylon was manufactured in the United States by the Du Pont Company, the result of over ten years of research and development. First used in toothbrushes it was soon used in the manufacture of stockings (1939), selling more than 64 million pairs in the first year of production. It was also exhibited at the Du Pont Pavilion at the New York World's Fair of 1939. After the Second World War it became increasingly widely used in textiles, carpets, and clothing. In the 1960s nylon was used in the manufacture of synthetic turf, first marketed as Astroturf in the USA.

Wikipedia article "Nylon".

這些只不過是20世紀 千兆兆人間相之幾個快照………




hc留言：

「擁有漂亮衣服的快感是難忘的，年年日日過去了，舊衣服可能早已丟掉了，但它們的樣式卻深深地印在我腦海中。七歲那年，我念書考了第二名，當時媽媽的男朋友給我送了一襲連身裙子：紫白相間的直紋條子布，縫成鑲白花尼斯布料的花邊裙墜子，布料一疊一疊地縐合起來，我走起路來，裙子一飄一揚地，令我體態看來輕盈可愛極了。還有大學畢業那一天，我用媽媽從英國寄來的禮物錢，買了一件從日本進口的洋裝酖酖純米白色的窄身衣裙，領子圓翻出淺咖啡色的尼斯花邊。晚上穿了出席謝師宴的酒會，頗引起一陣轟動，逢人都讚我漂亮，那件衣服也真是令我出盡風頭了，從此我開始知道，穿一件美麗的衣服可以增強自我的信心。」

（衣服的臆想---李玉瑩 http://udn.com/NEWS/READING/X5/2185111.shtml）

問：「尼斯布料」原文
---
小讀者留言：
小讀者也看到這篇. 當時心裡就懷疑"尼斯"可能是指"蕾絲", 也就是花邊(lace)的音譯. 不過音譯與意譯不必疊用, 蕾絲就不必花邊, 花邊就無需蕾絲.

這個字也可以英法聯軍一番,並說說路易十四和法國Nord-Pas de Calais高級花邊工業的關係.

沒聽說過法國還是那裡的尼斯地方以lace聞名 (不過小讀者不知道的東西當然太多太多了). 但是從文章內在邏輯來看, 那件進口的日本洋裝, 可能不會專精到連花邊都有來歷講究吧.
--
hc問：「尼斯布料」原文
hc答：尼龍紡（nylonpalace）--用錦綸長絲織成的紡綢，又稱尼絲紡。……
（「中國大百科全書 紡織」 p.198）
---
小讀者留言：
若那尼斯布料確是這尼絲紡
這在過去多用為襯裡布的尼龍料
不知有何珍奇之處
竟反內為外 成為美衣上的主要裝飾
而且令作者印象如此深刻
不但知其名 而且至今念念不忘
所以在文字裡略過美衣"本體"的用料不提
單單特別標明花邊的材質

不是小讀者愛找碴
實在是非常好奇

不過又重新細讀了一次原文
忽然發現原來作者是李歐梵的夫人
曾經"旁觀"過她本人
的確是位人有韻味衣有品味的美麗閑靜女子
嗯 她的衣著權威 小讀者絕對信得過

查到以下尼絲紡資料:
Nylon Taffeta
Taffeta在人造纖維未發明前原是指以天然蠶絲為素材之一種絲織物類名，為一種光亮平滑織物，由平紋或平紋變化組織交織之織品。在中國古代稱為絹，為絲織物之大類名，屬府綢布一種。絹之綢面平整，光澤柔和，質地細緻乾爽。現今Taffeta則音譯 或意譯稱為塔夫塔或塔富綢，素材如用蠶絲silk則稱為Silk taffeta，使用Polyester則稱為Polyester teffeta，使用Nylon則稱為Nylon taffeta，使用Rayon則稱為Rayon taffeta。Taffeta為表面具有晶螢之光澤，因此經緯絲宜使用無捻或低捻之長纖原絲如FDY、FOY等。Taffeta布料可作為內裡、禮服、時裝、滑雪衣、羽絨衣、被套、床罩、絹花、領結、帽花等素材。

多年來，"尼絲紡"與滌塔夫布料一樣，一直被人們製作西服、套裝、茄克衫、童裝、職業裝等襯裏輔料，如今該類產品在"染整"後處理上延伸，由裏料一躍成為人們追求的薄型時尚面料，在盛澤東方市場已成一大主流面料之一....

Monday, April 27, 2009

Today's Highlights

Spotlight:

Nylon Stockings

Wallace Carothers was the head of the organic chemistry research group at the E.I. du Pont de Nemours Company in Wilmington, DE, that discovered the first synthetic rubber, neoprene. He and his team went on to develop the synthetic polymer, nylon, which is used in guitar strings, toothbrush bristles, parachutes, carpets, rope, artificial grass and — most famously — women's stockings. In 1936, Carothers became the first industrial chemist to be elected to the National Academy of Sciences. Wallace Carothers was born on this date in 1896.

Quote:

"There's so much plastic in this culture that vinyl leopard skin is becoming an endangered synthetic."— Lily Tomlin