2020年1月10日星期五

【#逐字學英文國際日報】97： iconic style, Russian Icons, manufactory, felicity, felicitous, stucco, superhome, ‘monster houses’

National Portrait Gallery

Today's #portraitoftheday is actress Loretta Young.⁠
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Starting as a child actress, Young had a long and varied film career spanning from 1917 to 1953. Her most famous films include 'Kentucky' (1938) and 'The Farmer's Daughter' (1947), for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress. This photograph, taken by fashion photographer Horst P. Horst, reflects Horst's iconic style and careful use of light.⁠
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Find out more about the #FashionIcons in our collection in our latest publication, 100 Fashion Icons. http://ow.ly/NsUT50xQ1NP

Congratulations to those who celebrate Christmas today!

Icon (Carved): Christmas Palestine, between 1801 and 1860

The celebration of Christmas and New Year was accompanied by a series of balls, masquerades and feasts. Since the time of Empress Catherine II, a New Year's Eve dinner was organized in a crystal tent erected in the hall of the court theater. Following this tradition, the royal family and in the XIX century on the first day of the new year dined in a luminous tent made of patterned glass.

In the XIX century, Christmas Eve in the Winter Palace on the residential halves according to the custom, imported from Germany, trees were installed for all households.

The chambers housed tables decorated with gifts. Small surprises were hung on the branches of specially made iron Christmas trees with copper ornaments. In 1848, six "Christmas trees with iron knots and copper ornaments" were made for the Empress Alexandra Fedorovna and the lottery.

A colorful description of Christmas Eve in the Winter Palace during the reign of Nicholas I was left by the maid of honor of Empress Alexandra Fedorovna Baroness M.P. Fredericks. According to her memoirs, "on the eve of the Nativity of Christ, on Christmas Eve, after the Vespers, the Empress always had a tree for her august children, and the whole retinue was invited to this family holiday."

The "big tree" for the imperial family and the nearest retinue was usually arranged in the chambers of the empress and in the neighboring halls, the Concert and Rotunda. After the Vespers in front of the closed doors, "all the children fought and pushed among themselves, the tsars, inclusive, who would be the first to enter the treasured hall. The Empress went ahead to inspect all the tables again, and our hearts beat with joy and curiosity of expectation. Suddenly a bell rang "the doors opened, and we rushed into the hall lit with a thousand candles. The Empress herself brought everyone to the appointed table and gave gifts. One can imagine how much joy, pleasure and gratitude poured out at that moment."

"The emperor and the tsar’s children each had their own table with a Christmas tree, decorated with different gifts, and when the empress herself gave the gifts, then they entered another room, where a large, long table was decorated, decorated with various porcelain elegant items from the imperial ... manufactory. Then a lottery was played between the whole retinue, the emperor usually shouted a card, the winner approached Her Majesty and received his gift-win from her hands. " On this day, in the rooms of the royal children, where "little Christmas trees" were already standing, "young grand duchesses and young grand dukes gave each other different trinkets."

恭喜今天慶祝聖誕節的人!

圖示(在雕刻的框架中): 基督的誕生
巴勒斯坦, 1801年和1860年之間

基督誕生和新年的慶祝伴隨著一系列的球, 偽裝和節日. 自從女王凱瑟琳二世的時代以來, 在水晶宮劇院竪立了一個新年晚餐, 在水晶帳篷里舉行. 遵循這個傳統, 皇家家庭和二十世紀, 在新年晚餐的第一天, 在一個由玻璃玻璃製成的發光帳篷中.

在二十世紀, 在住宅區的冬宮, 根據德國進口的定制, 所有家庭的聖誕樹.
房間里有桌子, 裝飾著禮物. 小驚喜被掛在專門製作的鐵聖誕樹樹枝上, 有銅珠寶. 1848年, 亞歷山德拉·費奧多羅皇后和彩票的1848個"有鐵母狗和銅珠寶的聖誕樹"是為了彩票而製作的.

在尼古拉斯統治的冬季宮殿的聖誕夜, 我離開了亞歷山德拉·費奧多羅男爵夫人的夫人. 根據她的回憶". 在基督耶穌誕生的前夕, 在平安夜, 在守夜之後, 皇后總是為她的八月孩子有一個聖誕樹, 整個隨從被邀請到這個家庭假期".

皇家家庭和最近的隨從的"大樹"通常是在皇后的房間和鄰近的大廳-音樂會和rotonda安排的. 在封閉的門前守夜後所有孩子都在他們之間戰鬥和推動, 皇家包容性, 誰第一個會進入珍惜的大廳. 皇后會再次看所有桌子, 我們的心與歡樂和好奇心的等待. 突然聽到鐘聲, 門解散了, 我們帶著噪音和口香糖在點燃了一千個蠟燭. 皇后帶領大家到指定的桌子, 送禮物. 你可以想象這一分鐘有多少歡樂, 快樂和感恩".

"國王和皇家孩子的桌子上的每一個桌子都有聖誕樹, 裝飾不同的禮物, 當皇后結束時, 他們進入另一個大廳, 那裡有一個大的, 長桌的桌子, 裝飾著不同的優雅的瓷東西與帝國... manufactory. 在整個隨從之間有一個彩票, 主權通常高喊卡片, 獲勝者來到女王陛下, 從她的手中收到了他的禮物". 在這一天, 在皇家孩子的房間, 那裡的"小聖誕樹" 已經站了", "年輕的大公和年輕的大王子給彼此不同的飾品".

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Russian icons - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Russian_icons

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The use and making of icons entered Kievan Rus' following its conversion to Orthodox Christianity in AD 988. As a general rule, these icons strictly followed models and formulas hallowed by Byzantine art, led from the capital in Constantinople ...

Yale Alumni Magazine

The weather is getting nice enough to merit a visit to the Yale University Art Gallery’s sculpture terrace, one of the most felicitous results of the gallery’s 2012 renovation

Rise of London’s superhomes: the UK capital has become a global hotspot for extended ‘monster houses’ — but will it last?http://on.ft.com/1zIDI86

Supersize my home: London now a hotspot for ‘monster houses’ - FT.com
The white stucco townhouses of Cornwall Terrace overlooking Regent’s...
ON.FT.COM

A R MINI US HIS OWN INTERPRETER. 13

I see your hideous truss manufactory in Trafalgar
Square comes up in this controversy, and that very manu-
factory brings to my mind a ridiculous instance of my
poor friend's weakness. I had been running over with
him a few of the principal violations of aesthetic laws in
London, illustrating the lesson by reference to the stucco
palaces of my beautiful Berlin. After despatching the
Duke of Wellington's statue and the black dome and grey
pepper-boxes of your National Gallery, I came to Coles's
manufactory. * Can anything be more atrocious ? ' I asked.
' It is bad,' answered my poor friend ; ' and yet,' he went
on, ' and yet, Arminius, I have a tenderness for that manu-
factory. That manufactory, with other things in London
like it, is one of my favourite arguments for the immortality
of the soul.' * What folly have you got in your head now ?'
said I. ' Remember,' said he, ' what is told us of the
statue of the Olympian Zeus by Phidias. It was life enough
to have seen it ; felicity had then reached its consummation ;
the spirit could grasp no more, and the man might end.
And what therefore, I ask, must not be in store for the
British ratepayer, who in his life has only seen the Duke
of Wellington's statue and Coles's truss manufactory ? His
felicity must surely be yet to come. Somewhere, beyond
the grave,' .... and for a good twenty minutes my simple

Hawaii Tries Green Tools in Remaking Power Grids
By FELICITY BARRINGER
Hawaii is experimenting with renewable forms of energy that will allow the state to lessen its dependence on imported oil.

She stared into the distance, towards the aristocratic wall of houses that make up Cumberland Terrace and overlook the park. Cream stucco, a row of white statues along the cornices, the muted blues of the sky.
The neighborhoods in the Leeds area targeted by police yesterday all are gritty, low-income and full of red-brick and white stucco homes. Crime investigators dressed in white scrubs worked at the sites late yesterday afternoon. One of the locations searched is about two blocks from the Leeds Grand Mosque.

stucco 可參考 Oxford Companion to Art 當可以了解或許不完全以"灰墁"來說它......田曉菲《赭城》

━━ n. （pl. ～(e)s）, vt. 化粧しっくい［スタッコ］（を塗る）.

stucco

(stŭk'ō)

n., pl. -coes or -cos.

A durable finish for exterior walls, usually composed of cement, sand, and lime, and applied while wet.
A fine plaster for interior wall ornamentation, such as moldings.
A plaster or cement finish for interior walls.
Stuccowork.

tr.v., -coed, -co·ing, -coes or -cos.To finish or decorate with stucco.

[Italian, of Germanic origin.]

stucco

Pronunciation: /ˈstʌkəʊ /

NOUN

[MASS NOUN]

Fine plaster used for coating wall surfaces or moulding into architectural decorations:a shabby house covered in crumbling stucco[AS MODIFIER]: rich stucco decoration

VERB (stuccoes, stuccoing, stuccoed)

[WITH OBJECT] (usually as adjective stuccoed)Back to top

Coat or decorate with stucco:a stuccoed house

Origin

late 16th century (as a noun): from Italian, of Germanic origin.

裝飾用的灰泥？不太恰當的翻譯
化粧しっくいまたはスタッコ（stucco）は、骨材、結合剤、水から成る建築材料。湿った柔らかい状態で塗り、非常に硬い状態になる。壁や天井の表面仕上げとして塗ったり、装飾に使う。コンクリート、コンクリートブロック、煉瓦、日干し煉瓦などの外観があまり美的でない建材の表面に化粧しっくいを塗ることがある。

stucco

[名]（複～es, ～s）[U][C]1 （外装の）石目塗りしっくい；化粧しっくい.2 化粧しっくい細工(stuccowork).━━[動](他)…に化粧しっくいを塗る.

化粧しっくいまたはスタッコ（stucco）は、骨材、結合剤、水から成る建築材料。湿った柔らかい状態で塗り、非常に硬い状態になる。壁や天井の表面仕上げとして塗ったり、装飾に使う。コンクリート、コンクリートブロック、煉瓦、日干し煉瓦などの外観があまり美的でない建材の表面に化粧しっくいを塗ることがある。

stuccoed

[形]((米略式))酔っぱらった.

felicity
(fĭ-lĭs'ĭ-tē) pronunciation

n., pl., -ties.

1. Great happiness; bliss.
2. An instance of great happiness.
A cause or source of happiness.
1. An appropriate and pleasing manner or style: felicity of expression.
2. An instance of appropriate and pleasing manner or style.
Archaic. Good fortune.