2020年1月12日 星期日

mirror, inveterate, rearview mirror, go berserk

Wassily Kandinsky
The Mirror, 1907
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, NY
Click for full Image


If Donald J. Trump's violation of the law had been discovered earlier, the developer could have been sentenced to up to ten years in prison and fined as much as a million dollars.

The revelation of Trump’s venture into Cuba may add to the growing perception that he is an inveterate cheat and liar.
NEWYORKER.COM|由 JON LEE ANDERSON 上傳

Where will we be in 2010? Still looking in rearview mirror?


Spain’s budget minister admitted this week that Madrid is in a "critical situation" as government debt and unemployment surge higher -- mirroring the problems that led Greece to seek an EU and IMF bail-out last year.
由於政府債務和失業率飆高,西班牙的預算部長本週承認西班牙已面臨「緊急情況」。這也反映了導致希臘去年尋求歐盟與國際貨幣基金紓困的問題。


mirror:動詞,反射,反映。例句:His own views mirrored those of his followers. (他的看法反映了追隨者的觀點。)
[名]

1
(1) 鏡, 鏡台;鏡面
look at oneself in the mirror
鏡に自分を映してみる
hold a mirror up to the present age
((比喩))現代に鏡をかざす.
(2) 《光学》反射鏡
a plane [a concave, a convex] mirror
平[凹(おう), 凸(とつ)]面鏡.
2 (他の物事を)忠実に映し出すもの((of ...))
His poetry is a mirror of his life.
彼の詩は彼の人生を如実に映し出している.
3 模範, 手本, かがみ
a mirror of chivalry
騎士(道)のかがみ.
━━[動](他)
1 〈物を〉映す, 反映させる.
2 〈物事を〉反映する, 忠実に描写する
His mood mirrored the gloomy weather.
彼の気分は憂うつな天候を反映していた.
3 …とよく似ている.
[古フランス語mireor(ラテン語mīrāre見る+-OR2). △MIRAGE, MIRACLErearview mirror
n.

A mirror, such as one attached to a motor vehicle, that provides a view of what is behind.





Go berserk
Meaning
Behave in a frenzied and violent manner.

Origin
go berserkThis term has something in common with 'run amok'. The two phrases, as well as sounding rather similar, mean virtually the same thing. Their sources though could hardly be further apart. 'Run amok' derives from the Far East, whereas 'go berserk' is of Viking (Norse) origin. In that tradition a 'Berserker' was a warrior of great strength and courage, who fought with wild ferocity. The word is believed to be derived from 'bear sark', i.e. bear coat, or 'bare sark', i.e. 'bare of coat'. That berserker fighting tradition, in which the warriors took on the spirit (or even in their belief, the shape) of bears whilst foaming at the mouth and gnawing the edges of their shields, is the source of the Vikings' fierce reputation. It dates back to the first millennium but had died out by the 1100s and thereafter the word berserker didn't feature widely in the English language until the 19th century.
Who better to bring the word to our notice than that inveterate reviver of historical stories, Sir Walter Scott? In his 1822 book 'Pirate', he wrote:

"The berserkars were so called from fighting without armour."
It was quite some time before the word began to be used in the figurative sense, i.e. for it to be applied to people who 'went berserk' without an allusion to Viking warriors. Rudyard Kipling's book 'Diversity of Creatures', 1908 has:

"You went Berserk. I've read all about it in Hypatia ... you'll probably be liable to fits of it all your life."
The first reference I can find to the actual use of the term 'go berserk' is in the obscure US newspaper the La Crosse Tribune and Leader-Press, 1919:

"With hungry Russians crowding in from the east, a hungry Germany may shortly toss its new conventions after the old and go berserk in the teeth of the cannon."



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berserk

  • 発音記号[bərsə'ːrk, -zə'ːrk] [形]狂暴な, 暴れ狂う, 発狂した
gorun] berserk
怒り狂う.
━━[副]荒々しく怒り狂って.
━━[名](またber・sérk・er)
1 《北欧伝説》狂暴戦士, 猛戦士.
2 狂暴な人.
ber・serk・ly
[副]



inveterate

ɪnˈvɛt(ə)rət/
adjective
  1. having a particular habit, activity, or interest that is long-established and unlikely to change.
    "an inveterate gambler"

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