今宮室崇侈，民力彫盡，怨讟並作，莫保其性。
Now palaces and halls are lofty and extravagant, the people's strength withers away and is exhausted, anger and calumny arise together, and none protect their xing.
Zuo Zhuan, Duke Zhao, Year Eight
Mencius 孟子
從 Linda Le
談slander
種種形和文化
歐巴桑：「請問
Linda Lê的中文是什麼
?她應該是名越南裔女家。」
CH
：「
Linda Le姓黎。
巴黎就叫Ba Le;，早年越文對外來語是按中文翻譯外語的。
網路上說 1963 Linda Lê was born in Dalat, Saigon to a French mother and a Vietnamese 是錯誤的，Dalat (大叻 )位於中部山區，與西貢有好幾小時的車程。 」
巴黎就叫Ba Le;，早年越文對外來語是按中文翻譯外語的。
網路上說 1963 Linda Lê was born in Dalat, Saigon to a French mother and a Vietnamese 是錯誤的，Dalat (大叻 )位於中部山區，與西貢有好幾小時的車程。 」
Slander: Calomnies by Linda Le - Fiction - 1996
Translated with an afterword by Esther Allen
這本英文翻譯小說的「書後語」（Afterword
）有作者簡介，包括這是第五本書（當時第令六本近完成），
Hc
查辭典，這法文書名Calomnies
竟然有這麼多義：calumnies, blasphemous, blasphemous, scandalously, slanderous, slanderously, blasphemous, calumnious, libeller, libellous, malicious, mudslinging, scandalous, scurrilous.
他又發現一奇怪例，所以問：可以用 calomny字眼嗎？
Mr. Riley\''s statements (or insinuations) about my \"modus of operating\"
have no factual basis and would be calomny (punishable under penal law
in Germany: false factual assertions designed to attack people\''s
reputation).
他又發現一奇怪例，所以問：可以用 calomny字眼嗎？
Mr. Riley\''s statements (or insinuations) about my \"modus of operating\"
have no factual basis and would be calomny (punishable under penal law
in Germany: false factual assertions designed to attack people\''s
reputation).
RL
答: hc--可用
calomny嗎？
「calomnies
為calomnie
之複數形，其對應英文為calumny
，複數為calumnies
。calomny應是
calumny之誤。」
-----
ca・lum・ni・ate
━━ vt. 〔章〕 中傷する.
ca・lum・ni・a・tion, cal・um・ny
ca・lum・ni・a・tion, cal・um・ny
ca・lum・ni・a・tor ━━
n. 中傷する人.
ca・lum・ni・ous ━━ a.
ca・lum・ni・ous ━━ a.
-----
這
CALUMNY中文至少有一對應字：【讟】注音一式
ㄉㄨˊ
解釋：
怨恨。說文解字：讟，痛怨也。北史˙卷三十二˙崔挺傳：
詆毀、誹謗。左傳˙宣公十二年：民不罷勞，君無怨讟。
怨恨毀謗。後漢書˙卷二十二˙王梁傳：建議開渠，為人興利，
杜預˙注：讟，謗 也。隋書˙卷七十五˙儒林傳˙何妥傳：屈辱既加，則有怨恨，
毀謗、怨恨的話。文選˙張衡˙思玄賦：且獲讟于群弟兮，
讀者還可以用
SLANDER查《林語堂當代漢英詞典》網絡版，
-----
孟子（Mencius Zuo Zhuan, Duke Zhao, Year Eight
）：
今宮室崇侈，民力彫盡，怨讟並作，莫保其性。
Now palaces and halls are lofty and extravagant, the people's strength withers away and is exhausted, anger and calumny arise together, and none protect their xing.
--------
名畫
他統治的時期在義大利人眼裡是一個文明的黃金時代，
... 與此同時，波提切利繪製了《誹謗》（Calumny）——
... 與此同時，波提切利繪製了《誹謗》（Calumny）——
------
DEFLAME
或SLANDER或
LIBEL
Definition
slander
noun [C or U]
a false spoken statement about someone which damages their reputation, or the making of such a statement:
The doctor is suing his partner for slander.
She regarded his comment as a slander on her good reputation.
Compare libel.
slander verb [T]
to damage someone's reputation by making a false spoken statement about them
slanderer noun [C]
slanderous adjective
a slanderous accusation/allegation/comment
---
libel noun [C or U]
a piece of writing which contains bad and false things about a person:
She threatened to sue the magazine for libel.
Compare slander.
libel verb [T] -ll- or US USUALLY -l-
libellous, US USUALLY libelous adjective
libellous accusations
(from Cambridge
Advanced Learner's Dictionary)
***
我们知道英國在
1660年才將
SLANDER（口說）和LIBEL
（書面）區分。這在法學上可以細說，不過一般用法不這樣分明。
libel and slander, in law, types of defamation. In common law, written defamation was libel and spoken defamation was slander. Today, however, there are no such clear definitions. Permanent forms of defamation, such as the written or pictorial, are usually called libel, while the spoken or gestured forms are called slander.
*******
The Culture of Slander in Early Modern England
by M Lindsay Kaplan - Social Science - 1997 - 160 pages
第一章- 1 The paradox of slander
by M Lindsay Kaplan - Social Science - 1997 - 160 pages
第一章- 1 The paradox of slander
To gain a sense of the scope and operation of early
...this point that I tend to privilege the use of "slander" as a general term,
末章論莎士比亞
'Measure
for Measure
'（大陸版本『一報還一報』或梁實秋翻譯的『惡有惡報』）
為
Isabella's disclosure of Angelo's terms for her brother's Slander for slander in Measure for Measure….
11.
圖賴 [tu2lai4], v.i. & t., try to dishonor obligations, disown responsibility or to cheat or libel.
誣
V.t. (2) To vilify, defame, make false accusation, commit libel against:
誣告 [wu2gao4]
↓;
毀
《林語堂當代漢英詞典》網絡版
Words 1.
毀謗 [hui3bang4], n. & v.t., slander, libel.
喪
Words 2.
喪謗 [sang4bang0], v.t., to blaspheme; to revile, slander.
揭
Words 17.
揭帖 [jie1tie3], (1) v.t., see [jie1shi4]
↑; (2) n., a written note:
匿名揭帖 an anonymous letter or poster, usu. of a slanderous nature.
嘴
Words 15.
嘴打人 [zui2da3ren2], v.i., to abuse, slander or ridicule people.
贓
Words 2.
贓埋 [zang1mai2], v.t., (MC) malign, slander, accuse falsely.
忍
Words 6.
忍辱 [ren3ru4], v.i., meekly accept abuses, insults:
忍辱負重 discharge one's duties conscientiously in spite of slanders.
厚
Adv.
厚誣 a great slander.
【誣】言-7-14
注音一式
（語音）ㄨ
（讀音）ㄨˊ
解釋
陷害、毀謗。如：誣賴、誣陷。南朝梁˙江淹˙自序傳：
欺騙、矇騙。孟子˙滕文公下：邪說誣民，充塞仁義也。宋˙
虛妄不實的。墨子˙非儒下：儒者迎妻，妻之奉祭祀，子將守宗廟，
【非愚則誣】
解釋
不是愚蠢，就是故意欺騙人。莊子˙秋水：是猶師天而無地，
諑
N. Gossip, slander:
謠 諑
60A.21.
訕
V.t. (1) To slander, revile, vilify.
誹
N. & v.t. Slander:
怨誹 people's grievances, baseless or not.
Words 1.
誹謗 [fei3bang4], n. & v.t., slander.
譖
V.t. Malign, calumniate, slander:
夫人譖公於齊侯 (AC) she maligned him before the marquis of Chir;
Words 1.
譖人 [zen4ren2], n., a slanderer.
2.
譖言 [zen4yan2], n., calumny, slander, wilful misrepresentation of s.o.'s character.
讒
Words 1.
讒謗 [chan2bang4], v.t., to slander, smear (a person).
3.
讒言 [chan2yan2], n., malicious, slanderous talk.
毀
V.t. (2) To slander:
毀謗 [hui3bang4]
↓;
詆毀，訪毀
to slander, besmirch one's good name;
Words 1.
毀謗 [hui3bang4], n. & v.t., slander, libel.
2.
毀詆 [hui2di3], v.t., to slander.
侮
V.t. (1) To humiliate, insult, slander:
侮慢，侮辱 [wu3man4], [wu3ru4]
↓;
N.
暗箭傷人 make sniping attacks, slander others behind their backs;
calumny
noun [ C or U ]
formal
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