Klee, 1938: Archangel
Oil and distemper on cotton on jute on a stretcher
Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus - Munich
Ana Pimsler/The Potomac News, via Associated Press
Anglicans’ Split Over Homosexuality Grows
Conservative Anglicans such as the Rev. Martyn Minns say they see no chance to reconcile with the Episcopal Church in the U.S. and the Anglican Church of Canada.
150 of the most influential and compelling figures of the last decade bound in a luxe, large format book encased in a beautiful and elegant slipcase
"This is Leibovitz in excelsis: movie and music stars, politicians and power brokers." —Daily Telegraph
Define in excelsis: in the highest degree.
Rev (PRIEST) noun [before noun] (UK ALSO Revd)WRITTEN ABBREVIATION FOR Reverend
Reverend：可敬的：英、美風俗對神父、修女之尊稱，對牧師亦用之。縮寫為 Rev.。美俗對蒙席 Monsignor尊稱為 Very Reverend 或 Right Reverend；對主教或總主教尊稱為 Most Reverend 或 Right Reverend。英俗稱 Right Reverend 只用以對主教；對總主教則用 Most Reverend。基督教聖公會對主教尊稱為 Right Reverend；美以美會對主教只用 Reverend。而 Reverend 出自拉丁文的 reverential 尊敬、敬禮。
Reverendus Pater（L）：可（尊）敬的神父：簡稱 R.P.。英文稱 Reverend Father，簡稱 Rev. F.。
Anglican
adjective
relating to the Church of England, or an international Church connected with it:
Desmond Tutu became the most famous Anglican archbishop in South Africa.
Outside England, the Anglican Church is often referred to as the Episcopal(ian) Church.
an Anglican priest
Anglican
noun [C]
a member of the Anglican church:
He's an Anglican.
archangel ：總領天使；總領天神；天使長：指高階層的天使，聖經上提起名字的有：彌格（彌額爾） Michael （默十二 7 ）、佳播（加俾額爾） Gabriel （路一 26 ）、來福（辣法耳） Raphael （多十二 15 ）等三位天使。參閱 angel 。
比較
angel：天使；奉遣天使；天神；善神：天主所造的精神體；聖經曾多次提及。Angel 源於希臘文 angelos，意為使者；若嚴格區分：被派遣時為「天使」，按本性則為「天神」。參閱 archangel。
angel, guardian：護守天使；護守天神：天主為每一個人所指派的守護者（瑪十八10），每年十月二日為護守天使紀念日。
Angelic Doctor：天使博士；天使聖師：十三世紀大神哲學家聖道茂．阿奎納（St. Thomas Aquinas）的尊稱；著有《神學集成》Summa Theologica；1567年教宗碧岳五世封他為天使博士。
angelic hymn, the：天使之歌；光榮頌；「天主在天受光榮」頌：指彌撒中所誦（唱）的光榮頌；拉丁文為 Gloria in Excelsis Deo；又稱大榮福頌或聖三光榮頌，前兩句是天使向牧人報告耶穌降生的喜訊：「天主在天受光榮，主愛的人在世享平安」（路二14）。可參閱 doxology。
Angelic Salutation, the：聖母經：係由天使問候聖母的話、表姐麗莎讚頌聖母的話（路一28，42）、以及十六世紀教會所附加的祈禱文所組成。語體譯文為：「萬福瑪利亞，妳 充滿聖寵！主與妳同在。妳在婦女中受讚頌，妳的親子耶穌同受讚頌。天主聖母瑪利亞，求妳現在和我們臨終時，為我們罪人祈求天主。阿們」。文言譯文見 Hail Mary。又可稱 Angelic Salutation 天使問候。
Angelicum, the：(1)天使大學：中世紀道明會創辦於羅馬，1910年改今名，以紀念聖道茂。(2)天使大學學報。
Angelology：天使學；天神學。
How do you pronounce 'in excelsis'? - The Week
How do you say "in excelsis"? You know, Latin for "in the highest," like in "gloria in excelsis Deo" or "hosanna in excelsis," quotations from angels in songs we seem to hear a lot in December.
Since it's not English, a common assumption is that the way it looks to English speakers is wrong. So even if you grew up singing it just like "excel sis," as an adult you've probably decided that must be incorrect. But what's the right way? Well, since the c in cælis and other Latin (and Italian) words with one of the "front" vowels i, e, œ, or æ following is said like "ch," it must be "ex chell cease," right?
Not really. In fact, you'd be better off singing "excel sis," though that's not necessarily the best way either. The reason for all this is a fascinating tale of sounds changing over time.
Let's start with the fact that in Classical Latin, c was always pronounced "k" everywhere. So if angels around the year 1 A.D. (or 4 B.C.) were singing Latin, they would probably have sung "ex kell cease." But they probably weren't singing Latin — the lingua franca of that time and place was Greek, but there's no reason to assume they would be singing that either. Their audience were shepherds, after all!
But their words made it into a Latin translation of the Bible. By the time Latin was the language of the Christian church, however, its pronunciation had shifted, and c before front vowels was being said like "ch." But! This didn't make "ex chell cease," because sc before front vowels was being said like "sh" — which is also the case in modern standard Italian (yes, prosciutto is "pro shoot toe," not "pros chew toe") — and xc was being said like "ksh"! So in church Latin, excelsis is like "ek shell cease."
The reason for all this is a thing called place assimilation. Compare two words, "coot" and "cute." Watch where your tongue is in them. In "coot" the back of the tongue touches at the back of the mouth. But in "cute," because the vowel sound starts at the front of the mouth, your tongue flexes forwards. It also moves farther forwards in "kit" than in "cat." It still sounds to us like "k," but over time that movement can push right up to the front of the mouth, so the tongue is pressing right against the ridge at the front… and then releasing more gradually because the vowel keeps the tongue close to the top. So, through a process called lenition (weakening), you can get what's called an affricate: a sound like "ch" that's a combination of a stop (such as "t") and a fricative (a hissy or buzzy sound produced by air friction, such as "sh" or "s").
But when there's the sound "s" before the "k," you can get a second kind of assimilation happening as the same time: manner assimilation. The "s" is already a fricative, and it's easier for the "k" to soften up as it moves forward into the "s" and become just a fricative, "sh." But you're not going to say "s-sh." The two sounds merge to "sh." And, just for added fun, in xcthe "k" in the "ks" sound doesn't change, because it's not right before a vowel. So "ex kell cease" becomes "ek shell cease."
Latin (and its descendant Italian) isn't the only place this kind of change has happened. It happened in Old English, too, more than 1,500 years ago. Take the word ship. The old Germanic root started with "sk"; in Old English, the word was spelled scip — but pronounced "ship," because assimilation! But after we had established that, the English had ongoing contact with Norse speakers (because the Norse invaded), and in Old Norse the word was still skip. Which is where we borrowed skipper from. Ironically, since then Norse has also assimilated sk to "sh" in those places: Skip in modern Norwegian sounds like English "sheep." But by the time English borrowed skipper it had stopped running new words through that assimilation, so we keep the "k."
But all this doesn't mean that "ek shell cease" is the only way you can sing excelsis either. Latin changed further. By the Medieval era, it was no longer anyone's first language; it was being used fluently as a second language by scholars throughout western Europe, but each country had its own standard pronunciation. In Germany, for example, the c before front vowels moved forward not to "ch" but farther, to "ts." The languages that had descended from Latin — Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian — all conformed their Latin to how the sounds of Latin had changed when it became those languages. In France excelsis became like "ek sell cease" because the c before e and i had moved all the way forward and softened to "s" there, as you can see in any French word containing ce or ci.
And in English? We know what we do in English. Say the word excel. There you have it. Our pronunciation of Latin-derived c matched what the French did, due in no small part to French influence. (Meanwhile, many old English words that once had sc, like scip, got spelled with sh instead for clarity.) We also shifted the pronunciation of vowels to match how we said them in English, but that's a whole other ball of wax!
So anyway, at the time the songs that use in excelsis — "Angels We Have Heard on High" and "Ding Dong Merrily on High" — were written, the English pronunciation of Latin made it the same as you would say it as an English word. When were those songs written, by the way? Brace yourself: The English lyrics for both songs were written in the 1800s. But "Angels We Have Heard on High" was originally French. It's not entirely clear how much older the French version is, but evidence suggests that it, too, was written in the 1800s.
The Latin phrase, of course, was not made up in the 1800s; it's quoting from a Latin translation of the Bible done some 1,500 years earlier. If you want to go with the standard pronunciation for that, it's back to "ek shell cease." Since the angels wouldn't have been using Latin anyway, the choice is yours…
…but you don't really have a good excuse for singing "ex chell cease."
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