Tightening the Lid on Pain Prescriptions
By BARRY MEIER
Experts say that
doctors, despite the dangers, often keep patients on high-strength
painkillers known as opioids for years without properly checking to see
if their conditions improve.
弱效鴉片類藥物(opioid):
弱效鴉片類藥物(opioid):
這
類藥物直接作用於中樞神經,止痛效果快又好,但是副作用也不少,像是暈眩、呼吸抑制、腸胃活動抑制等,造成病患腹脹、便秘,還有成癮性的顧慮。所以僅建議
在急性期使用,也要盡量遵守「最短期間、最小劑量」的原則,隨時調整,以避免不必要的藥量。因此此類藥物不適宜規律給藥,一般以需要時給藥、或如前述由病
患自控式給藥,較為恰當。
鴉片類藥物可劃分為以下幾類:
- 天然鴉片劑:包含在鴉片罌粟樹脂中的生物鹼,包括嗎啡和可待因。
- 半合成鴉片劑:用天然鴉片劑製造而成。比如氧可酮、氫可酮、海洛因等。
- 合成鴉片劑。比如芬太尼、哌替啶、美沙酮和右丙氧芬。
- 內源性鴉片肽:由人體天然產生。比如腦內啡和強啡肽。
E.P.A. Denies an Environmental Group's Request to Ban a Widely Used Weed Killer
By ANDREW POLLACK
The agency said
that the group, the Natural Resources Defense Council, had failed to
show that the popular herbicide was harmful as used.
Even though weeds grow, don't hate them. — Hakuun Yasutani, Source: Flowers Fall, 1996, Translated by Paul Jaffe將 "sultanate" 從英文翻譯為目標語言
translate.google.comsultanate -蘇丹國
weed
[名]
1 雑草
dig (up) weeds
雑草をひっこ抜く.
雑草をひっこ抜く.
2 不快な物[人].
3 ((略式))やせてひょろひょろの人[動物].
4 ((the 〜))((略式))タバコ, 葉巻;[U]((古風))マリファナ.
━━[動](他)
1 〈庭などの〉雑草をとる;〈雑草を〉取る((out))
weed the lawn
芝生の雑草をとる.
芝生の雑草をとる.
2 〈好ましくないものなどを〉(…から)取り除く((out/from ...)).
━━(自)雑草を除く, 草取りをする.
[古英語wēod]weeds
[名]
1 ((〜s))((古))喪服.
2 (帽子・腕に巻く)喪章.widow's weeds
沒有留言:
張貼意見