containment, brash, musing, abnormal, fully contained, normality (normalcy), adenoid, adenoidal,

With daily new coronavirus infections a fraction of what they were just a few weeks ago, South Korea is planning a path to normalcy.

In Praise of a Normal, Boring Country

A cartoonist finds solace in a European nation that has a different idea of success.

Magazine2h ago

Christoph Niemann

Slowly, Post-ISIS Tikrit Regains Normalcy A2 Liberated a year ago from Islamic State, Tikrit is being held up by the government and its backers as a success story—despite residents’ complaints about joblessness and militia abuses, Yaroslav Trofimov writes. When "The epitome of elegant Englishness" took brash Vegas by storm - A moment in history with Noel Coward.

Noel Coward Plays Vegas, Witness - BBC World Service

The English singer, actor and playwright was invited to do a show in...
BBC.IN



Alexander Payne's new film Nebraska follows in the rich tradition of the American road movie from The Grapes of Wrath to Easy Rider. This is a genre that has lent itself well to screwball comedy, social commentary, counter-cultural critique, and philosophical musing. Jordan Hoffman pays tribute to the road movie form. What's your favorite?

http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20131210-road-movies-never-out-of-gas

Hollande promises to be a "normal" president, signaling a dramatic change of tone both at home and abroad for the French president after five years in which Sarkozy ruffled feathers with his aggressive, brash personality.
Sarkozy tried to turn this claim against Hollande, saying his "normality" was insufficient to take on the broad economic, political and social challenges facing France.



Jill Radford, 61, who lives in Sheepsetting Lane, said: "I think there used to be a couple living there until they separated. The house went up for sale sometime before Christmas.
"I think there were some young children living there. I could see there were often toys in the front garden."
Ms Radford said she did not know the family and did not think other neighbours were close to them.
Ch Insp Julia Pope said: "This is a very tragic incident, but I would like to reassure people that it is fully contained and there is no threat to anyone in the area.
"We will move to restore normality and access to Mill Close as quickly as possible."





“She always says she dislikes the abnormal, it is so obvious. She says the normal is so much more simply complicated and interesting.”
― from "The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas" by Gertrude Stein

"At some point we want to get to some degree of normalcy, but that remains to be seen," Mr. Tretton said, adding that seeing all the people camped out and lined up for the console "kind of makes all the effort worth it."

The permanent collection is arranged in chronological order, allowing visitors to follow the evolution of styles from the pre-Angkor art of the 6th century, on through the many phases of Angkor, which flourished from the early 9th to the mid-15th centuries.

And when the 140 Angkor statues leave for Bonn, 140 almost equally precious pieces will be taken up for display from the storeroom, another reflection of the museum's return to normalcy.

Normalcy is returning to parts of the market after recent turmoil, a Bank for International Settlements report says.


normaladjective
ordinary or usual; the same as would be expected:
a normal working day
Lively behaviour is normal for a four-year-old child.
It's normal for couples to argue now and then.
They were selling the goods at half the normal cost.
The temperature was above/below normal for the time of year.
Things are back to normal now that we've paid off all our debts.

as per usual/normal
as usual:
Carlo turned up without any money, as per usual.

normality 
noun [U] (US ALSO normalcy)
the state of being normal:
Now that the civil war is over, relative normality has returned to the south of the country.The difficulties of getting started on the road, one of the largest
infrastructure projects in Indonesia, reflects the weariness among
tsunami survivors with the long return to normality.

In many applications, it is used in place of the two sample t-test when the normality assumption is questionable.
(Assumption of normality 常態性假設/ normality test 常態性檢定)


━━ a. 正常の; 普通の; 標準の, 典型的な; 【数】垂直な, 直角をなす ((to)); 【医・生理】（実験動物が）常態の, 未処置［未免疫］の; 【化】（濃度が）規定の.
━━ n. 常態; 標準; 【数】垂線, 法線; 【物】平均量［値］.

 normal curve　【統計】正規曲線.
 nor・mal・cy　━━ n. 〔米〕 ＝normality.
 normal direction flow　【コンピュータ】（流れ図の）正方向の流れ.
 normal distribution　【統計】正規分布.
 normal end　【コンピュータ】正常終了.
 normal form　【コンピュータ】正規形.

 nor・mal・i・ty　━━ n. 常態, 正常さ. 正常性能；常態；標準狀態/當量濃度
Abnormality 變態性，異常，畸型

 nor・mal・ize　━━ v. 常態［正常］にする; 標準に一致させる; 【コンピュータ】正規化する; （国交などが）正常化する.
nor・mal・i・za・tion　n. 正常化; 【コンピュータ】正規化.
nor・mal・iz・ing　n. 【冶】焼ならし.
normalized device coordinates　【コンピュータ】正規化装置座標.

 nor・mal・ly　━━ ad. 順当に（いけば）; 正規に; 普通に［は］.

 normal pace　【労働】標準［適正］ペース.
 normal price　【商業】平準価格, 正常価格.
 normal profit　【経営】正常利益.

 normal school　（主にフランスの）師範学校.

 normal time　＝leveled time.

adenoid

[名]((通例〜s))アデノイド, 腺(せん)様増殖（症） He's got adenoids.((略式))アデノイドにかかっている.━━[形]（またàd・e・nói・dal）1 《解剖学》腺様...

(′ad′nöid)
(anatomy) A mass of lymphoid tissue. Lymphoid tissue of the nasopharynx. Also known as pharyngeal tonsil.

adenoidectomy

[名]（複 -mies）[U][C]《外科》アデノイド切除（術）.

adenoidal
(ăd'n-oid'l) 
adj.

1. Of or relating to the adenoids.
2. Suggestive of the vocal sound caused by abnormally enlarged adenoids: a singer with an adenoidal voice.

brash¹

braʃ/

adjective

1. self-assertive in a rude, noisy, or overbearing way.

   "he was brash, cocky, and arrogant"

   
   

   • having an ostentatious or tasteless appearance.

     "the cafe was a brash new building"

musing

Pronunciation: /ˈmjuːzɪŋ/

noun

(usually musings)

• a period of reflection or thought:his musings were interrupted by the sound of the telephone

adjective

• characterized by reflection or deep thought:the sad musing gaze

Derivatives

musingly
adverb

contain
tr.v., -tained, -tain·ing, -tains.

1. 1. To have within; hold.
   2. To be capable of holding.
2. To have as component parts; include or comprise: The album contains many memorable songs.
3. 1. To hold or keep within limits; restrain: I could hardly contain my curiosity.
   2. To halt the spread or development of; check: Science sought an effective method of containing the disease.
4. To check the expansion or influence of (a hostile power or ideology) by containment.
5. Mathematics. To be exactly divisible by.

[Middle English conteinen, from Old French contenir, from Latin continēre : com-, com- + tenēre, to hold.]

containable con·tain'a·ble adj.

SYNONYMS contain, hold, accommodate. These verbs mean to have within or have a capacity. Contain means to have within or have as a part or constituent: The book contains some amusing passages. Hold stresses capacity for containing: The pitcher holds two pints but contains only one. Accommodate refers to capacity for holding comfortably: The restaurant accommodates 50 customers.

劉又銘：近年來，因為美中「大國競爭」與「新冷戰」的說法甚囂塵上，烏俄戰爭更將「地緣政治」這個冷灶重新燒熱；連帶的，有關「圍堵」（containment）的討論，也因此「重出江湖」。

但在繁體中文世界中，將containment翻譯成「圍堵」的習慣性通譯，卻是一種有問題的翻譯；反觀簡體中文世界裡，將containment翻譯為「遏制」，其實是一個較貼近英文原意的翻譯方式。因為，若是詳細考察containment一詞初次在相關文本〈蘇聯行為的根源〉（The Sources of Soviet Conduct）中出現時的前後語脈，以及該文本執筆者肯楠（George Kennan）所面對的二戰剛結束歷史情境時，我們可以知道，用「圍堵」來對應containment，不僅是語意不同，其中更有將中文世界戰略思想，深搬硬套至西方世界語彙的問題。

〈蘇聯行為的根源〉本為肯楠供職於美國駐蘇聯大使館時，向華盛頓所拍出的一封〈長電報〉（The Long Telegram）。目的在對美國官方二戰後的對蘇政策，提出作為外交官的第一線觀察與建議。後因相關人士希望讓更多人支持美國的強硬對蘇政策，因此在官方的許可下，肯楠將原為機密文件的〈長電報〉，改寫為〈蘇聯行為的根源〉一文，並發表於1947年的《外交事務》雜誌（Foreign Affairs）。

肯楠在自己文章結尾處強調，二戰後的蘇聯，雖然相對於美國整體國力仍較弱；但蘇聯的外交政策非常靈活，會針對自己的目標無所不用其極的耐心地達成。為了應對蘇聯的外交，肯楠相信，美國必須採取堅定的「遏制政策」（containment），在全球的範圍內，只要俄國人表現出侵犯和平與危害世界穩定利益的行為，美國人就應該以不可動搖的反擊力量，在每一個點上與之對抗（confront）。

肯楠認為，美國應該要堅定自己的民主體制，並且支持其他國家的民主。如此才能全方面、點對點的在經濟、軍事、外交與意識形態上與蘇聯全面對抗。這種肯楠式的「遏制」邏輯，與後來杜魯門與艾森豪轉向用核武一種單一武器所造成的恐懼感，對蘇聯進行「恫嚇」的「核子相互毀滅」戰略，有著完全不同的思維邏輯。

有趣的是，不是用一個絕對的終極毀滅武器來讓對手恐懼，而是在對手每一次的妄動與意圖改變現狀時，給予對手有限範圍內的迎頭痛擊。這種意義上的「遏制」，正好是當前民主黨外交政策團隊，或至少拜登政府高層，面對中國時強調的「該競爭時競爭、該合作時合作、該對抗時對抗」，在不同的場域、遭遇不同的關係，採用不同的手段。

重點是「勇於對抗、敢於對抗」。如此看來，當代民主黨的外交政策策士們，不僅是把美國的外交政策拉回到了「多邊主義」或「以規則為基礎的國際秩序」所構成的「自由霸權」；在這個「敢於對抗、勇於對抗、在適當的時間地點領域上對抗」的模式，更是肯楠以降的政策傳統。若要說當下美國政策圈各方討論containment，真正的焦點也在於此。

在肯楠的語脈裡，containment的意思是指「在不同領域、不同地點，一旦蘇聯危及世界和平與全球利益時，美國就要挺身與之對抗；並且是在軍事、外交、經濟與意識形態上，進行多層次的全面對抗。而不是僅只妄想用核武的「相互保證毀滅」來維持「恐怖平衡」。

若是用「圍堵」來翻譯containment，不僅是一種字面意義上的錯誤，導致空間意義上的誤解；更是在思想上，掉入一種中國式的「圍棋」思維，用農業時代的詐術與謀略，來理解工業時代的「大戰略」。無論前者或後者，都是繁體中文使用者在理解containment時必須避免的問題。所以建議在了解冷戰或美國在冷戰時所採取的戰略時，一律將containment翻譯成「遏制」，或許是一個避免持續誤會的較佳方案。

[nor・mal・cy]

• 発音記号[nɔ'ːrməlsi][名][U]((米))正常なこと, 常態.