carrion, carnal, carnation, incarnation

"Shall in these confines with a monarch’s voice
Cry 'Havoc!”' and let slip the dogs of war,
That this foul deed shall smell above the earth
With carrion men, groaning for burial."
--Antony from "Julius Caesar" (Act 3, Scene 1)


 The original editions of The Merchant of Venice, 1596, have the line as 'all that glisters is not gold'. 'Glister' is usually replaced by 'glitter' in modern renditions of the play:

O hell! what have we here?
A carrion Death, within whose empty eye
There is a written scroll! I'll read the writing.
All that glitters is not gold...

carnal 

Pronunciation: /ˈkɑːn(ə)l/ 

ADJECTIVE

Relating to physical, especially sexual, needs and activities:carnal desire

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Derivatives

carnality

Pronunciation: /kɑːˈnalɪti/  

NOUN

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carnally

ADVERB

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Origin

Late Middle English: from Christian Latin carnalis, from caro, carn- 'flesh'.

carrion 

Pronunciation: /ˈkarɪən/ 

NOUN

[MASS NOUN]

The decaying flesh of dead animals:a crow wheeled over the hills in search of carrion

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Origin

Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French and Old Northern French caroine, caroigne, Old French charoigne, based on Latin caro 'flesh'.

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• carnival from mid 16th century:
  Originally a carnival was, in Roman Catholic countries, the period before Lent, a time of public merrymaking and festivities. It comes from medieval Latin carnelevamen ‘Shrovetide’. The base elements of the Latin word are caro, carn- ‘flesh’ and levare ‘to put away’, before the meat-free fasting of Lent began. There is a popular belief that carnival is from carne vale, ‘farewell, meat’, but this is mistaken. Other flesh-related words that come from caro include carnivorous (late 16th century),carnage (early 17th century), carnation (late 16th century) (from the flower's ‘fleshy’ colour), carrion(Middle English), and incarnation (Middle English).

康乃馨

carnation 1 

Pronunciation: /kɑːˈneɪʃ(ə)n/ 

NOUN

A double-flowered cultivated variety of clove pink, with grey-green leaves and showy pink, white, or red flowers.

• Dianthus caryophyllus, family Caryophyllaceae: many cultivars.

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Origin

Late 16th century: perhaps based on a misreading of Arabic qaranful 'clove or clove pink', from Greek karyophyllon. The early forms suggest confusion with carnation², withincarnation, and with coronation.

carnation 2 

Pronunciation: /kɑːˈneɪʃ(ə)n/ 

NOUN

A rosy pink colour:[AS MODIFIER]: sage and carnation throw pillows

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Origin

Early 16th century: from French carnation 'colour of one's flesh', based on Latin carn- 'flesh'.

incarnation 

Pronunciation: /ɪnkɑːˈneɪʃ(ə)n/ 

NOUN

1A person who embodies in the flesh a deity, spirit, or quality:Rama was Vishnu’s incarnation on earthBeethoven was an incarnation of artistic genius

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1.1(the Incarnation)(In Christian theology) the embodiment of God the Son in human flesh as Jesus Christ.

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2(With reference to reincarnation) each of a series of earthly lifetimes:in my next incarnation, I’d like to be the Minister of Fun

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2.1The form taken by a person or thing during an incarnation:in a previous journalistic incarnation, I worked at Westminsterthe pub has gone through several incarnations

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Origin

Middle English (as a term in Christian theology): via Old French from ecclesiastical Latinincarnatio(n-), from the verb incarnare (see incarnate).