2008年7月4日 星期五

xenia, philoxenia , "-phil-".

Greek Fire by Nicholas Gage

Greek Fire by Nicholas Gage(2000)
《一點點希臘式瘋狂》 胡湧等譯,北京:作家出版社,2003

Wikipedia article "Greek fire". 武器

船王歐那西斯和女高音卡拉斯愛情奇遇的故事。書中人物多我們熟知的古希臘人名。希臘人的宗教和價值觀、婚姻法-遺產法,家族的內與外。
柏拉圖《會飲篇》:「因為人性同一,我們本為一體,而結合的願望和追求就叫做愛情。」 那些「痛苦的夏天」、愛情-交易-生意-權利交織的「蜜月」(與賈姬)。
希臘人性格的兩關鍵字眼:philoxenia (對陌生人的喜愛,好客);philotimo(自豪、榮譽、自尊)。兩者密不可分。

p.220:
"Two cornerstones of the Greek character are expressed by the words philoxenia and philotimo. Philoxenia means "hospitality," but the literal translation is "love of strangers." A Greek, whether rich or poor"

Suffixes with the common part -phil- (-phile, -philia, -philic) are used to specify some kind of attraction or affinity to something, in particular the love or obsession with something. They are antonymic to suffixes -phob-.

Phil- (Philo-) may also be used as a prefix with a similar meaning.

Wikipedia article "-phil-".






陸谷孫《英文大詞典》的進一步(2 ):xenia xenial

xe·ni·a .只有「 種子直感、異粉性」義

The direct effect on a hybrid plant produced by the transfer of pollen from one strain to the endosperm of a different strain.


xenial 只有類似的簡單辭源說明(無中文): [New Latin, from Greek xeniā , hospitality, from xenos, guest, stranger. See xeno–.]


其實它是指「主客之間的友情,或是只我們與他國之間的情誼」(參考 Shorter O.E.D.

Eugenio Montale1970年有詩集名為 Xenia

呂先生翻譯一首並有註:「贈辭一語( Xenia)源於希臘語,意為饋贈、禮物、祭品。………

基本上,這是來自不同社會的人透過交換禮物或服務來強化彼此之間的團結心。 Xenia是將重要的陌生人轉為朋友之過程。

例一:在舊約 Hosea Chapter 10, Verse 6 "present" xenia

It shall be also carried unto Assyria for a present to king Jareb: Ephraim shall receive shame, and Israel shall be ashamed of his own counsel.

例二: A decade later, the ties of xenia established between Nicias and the Spartan king ... At about the same time, xenia between Alcibiades amid leading Argives ...


古人認為友誼與愛情一樣重要。西方古代這方式的哲理探討相當多。其實我們讀『戰國策』等書,都有與「友直友諒友多聞」的具體感人事蹟。

據我所知,有些人(包括張華兄)寫過陸谷孫《英文大詞典》的問題(都未拜讀過)。過去,我查過一些,也發現不滿意的,可惜都沒紀錄。2004今天有兩則,我突然想應該筆記下來當記錄。

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