synecdoche提喻, metonymy, constituency, constituent, Xi Jinping has to answer to a constituency 尿屎為身體的提喻 (synecdoche)，身體又是五濁惡世的提喻

▍紐約浮世繪 Synecdoche, New York

3/18（六）13:00

查理考夫曼 Charlie Kaufman

美國USA｜2008｜DVD｜Color｜123min

★ 2008獨立精神獎羅伯特·奧特曼獎、最佳首部長片

★ 2008哥譚獨立電影獎最佳整體演出

★ 2008洛杉磯影評人協會獎最佳劇本

《紐約浮世繪》描述劇作家凱登所面臨的困境，身體的病痛、無愛的婚姻與令人窒息的孤獨感，各種荒謬的情境充斥著凱登的生活。無奈之中，凱登決定在自己所剩不多的時光裡，完成一部以自己人生故事為主題的戲劇作品。而隨著作品的規模擴展，戲劇與現實的相互呼應與重疊，更是帶出許多複雜的問題。《紐約浮世繪》運用大量隱晦的象徵性手法與後設的方式，引領觀影者思考人生必經的難題，關於疾病、死亡、愛情與終極意義等等，值得細細品味。

Michael R. Bloomberg (10% National Polling Average)

• The U.S. must strengthen innovation, education and remain open
• Work with China to battle climate change
• Xi Jinping has to answer to a constituency

6 Governors May Reject Portions of Stimulus By SHAILA DEWAN
The governors say they may not want to meet the conditions that accompany the money, but critics accuse them of putting political ideology before their constituents.



He will eventually have to choose between competing advice and priorities, risking the disappointment or anger of constituencies that for the moment can still see in him what they hope to see.



The Poison Garden is particularly popular with children, whom the duchess identifies as one of her main constituencies.

constituency 
noun [C]
(the group of voters belonging to) any of the official areas of a country that elect someone to represent them nationally:
a rural/urban constituency

constituent 
noun [C]
a voter in a particular area of the country:
The senator worked hard, always talking to his constituents and hearing their problems.

con・stit・u・en・cy

-->

━━ n. 選挙区; ((集合的)) 選挙区民, 支持者.
con・stit・u・ent　━━ a., n. 構成［組織］する; 憲法制定［改正］権のある (a constituent assembly); 選挙権のある; 構成要素, 成分; 【言】構成素; 選挙区民［人］.
constituent body　選挙母体.

synecdoche

synecdoche [si‐nek‐dŏki], a common figure of speech (or trope) by which something is referred to indirectly, either by naming only some part or constituent of it (e.g. ‘hands’ for manual labourers) or—less often—by naming some more comprehensive entity of which it is a part (e.g. ‘the law’ for a police officer).

Usually regarded as a special kind of metonymy, synecdoche occurs frequently in political journalism (e.g.‘Moscow’ for the Russian government) and sports commentary (e.g. ‘Liverpool’ for one of that city's football teams), but also has literary uses like Dickens's habitual play with bodily parts: the character of Mrs Merdle in Little Dorrit is referred to as ‘the Bosom’.

又 Wikipedia article "Synecdoche".

尿屎為身體的提喻 (synecdoche)，身體又是五濁惡世的提喻，於是"尿屎-穢身-濁世" 儼然構成一組組"厭棄"的對象系列。

synecdoche

 noun

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syn·​ec·​do·​che | \ sə-ˈnek-də-(ˌ)kē  \

Definition of synecdoche

: a figure of speech by which a part is put for the whole (such as fifty sail for fifty ships), the whole for a part (such as society for high society), the species for the genus (such as cutthroat for assassin), the genus for the species (such as a creature for a man), or the name of the material for the thing made (such as boards for stage)

Other Words from synecdocheFrequently Asked Questions About synecdocheExample SentencesLearn More about synecdoche

Other Words from synecdoche

synecdochic \ ˌsi-​ˌnek-​ˈdä-​kik  \ adjective

synecdochical \ ˌsi-​ˌnek-​ˈdä-​ki-​kəl  \ adjective

synecdochically \ ˌsi-​ˌnek-​ˈdä-​ki-​k(ə-​)lē  \ adverb

Frequently Asked Questions About synecdoche

What is the difference between synecdoche and metonymy?

Synecdoche refers to a literary device in which a part of something is substituted for the whole (as hired hand for "worker"), or less commonly, a whole represents a part (as when society denotes "high society"). In metonymy, a word that is associated with something is used to refer to it (as when crown is used to mean "king" or "queen"). For more information read the full article.

Is 'lend me your ears' an example of metonymy or synecdoche?

The Shakespearean phrase "lend me your ears," from Mark Antony's speech in Julius Caesar, is a call for the audience's attention made using metonymy, since ears are not part of attention but are associated with paying attention.

What are some examples of synecdoche?

Here are some examples of synecdoche: the word hand in "offer your hand in marriage"; mouths in "hungry mouths to feed"; and wheels referring to a car.

Examples of synecdoche in a Sentence

Recent Examples on the WebThe figure of Cormery’s domineering grandmother, taking a rawhide switch to the troublemaking boy or up to her elbow in a toilet recovering a two-franc piece, is a synecdoche for the country’s intransigence and desperation.— Sam Sacks, WSJ, "Book Review: Classics Illustrated," 16 Nov. 2018Brokaw becomes, in his defense, a synecdoche for the proper success story, the ideal American man, the country itself and what is most precious in it.— Eve Fairbanks, The New Republic, "The Hollow Rage of Tom Brokaw," 3 May 2018

These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'synecdoche.' Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.

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First Known Use of synecdoche

15th century, in the meaning defined above

History and Etymology for synecdoche

Latin, from Greek synekdochē, from syn- + ekdochē sense, interpretation, from ekdechesthai to receive, understand, from ex from + dechesthai to receive; akin to Greek dokein to seem good — more at EX-, DECENT