isms, anachronism, hurdle, prig, anachronistic, wattle, long-wattled umbrellabird

【黑暗中起舞的長垂傘鳥】

這隻雄 #長垂傘鳥（long-wattled umbrellabird）原生於範圍擴及厄瓜多和哥倫比亞兩國的 #喬科雨林（Chocó rainforest），牠無疑是新熱帶地區外表最誇張的鳥類之一。

從11月到隔年2月的交配季期間，這種美麗的黑色鳥兒看起來最令人印象深刻，頭上的羽毛有如貓王的特異髮型，而牠那非凡的 #肉垂（就像帶有陽具崇拜性質的領帶）會腫脹至平常的兩倍大。……

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Cucumber sandwiches, silver pots filled with exotic blends, decorative porcelain and snowy-white scones topped off with cream and sweet strawberry conserve—the ceremony of taking afternoon tea all seems a little anachronistic in our high-speed, coffee and Wi-Fi culture. Yet, for anyone who has paid a visit to the Palm Court at the Ritz London or the Imperial Hotel in Vienna, they will have witnessed the theater of footmen, chandeliers and silver trays—a little pocket of Edwardian tradition kept alive by a few gentle folk.

Attacking Democrats, but Not Without Errors

By JOHN M. BRODER, NICHOLAS CONFESSORE, and JACKIE CALMES 19 minutes ago

The Republican presidential candidates’ arguments ran into factual hurdles during a debate on Wednesday night.

Game Makers Battle China's Pirates

Videogame companies are rushing to tap China's market, but many find that a slow-moving bureaucracy and rampant piracy remain significant hurdles.

Of course, the Dalai Lama, who has been trying to diminish his political role and was not present during this week’s discussions, might also change his mind. His peaceable methods have gained the world’s respect; nothing more. And the world’s respect for Tibetan nationalist aspirations is dwindling: as Britain demonstrated last month, when it said its long failure to recognise full Chinese sovereignty over Tibet was “anachronistic”.

『anachronism –時代錯誤』用例多：

"We have made no decision to terminate our pension plans," said Mr. Miller, who has overseen the bankruptcies of several companies and, in the case of Bethlehem Steel Corp., opted to terminate that pension. He said he felt a "moral obligation" not to terminate the plan, and added that there is a "higher hurdle to terminate a pension plan," than is widely believed.

However, Mr. Miller called such traditional pension plans, known as defined-benefit plans, an "anachronism" that is going through a "slow agonizing death."

As buyout firms cast an eye over Gap and the retailer's interim chief executive, Robert Fisher, passes out memos on to improve business, The New York Times looks at at the anachronism that is the Gap: a single chain, selling only its own brand, with one point of view, chasing shoppers from birth to death.

In an era of niches, when exclusion is as vital as inclusion, Gap has become an anachronism: a single chain, selling only its own brand.

-ism suffix used to form nouns which describe social, political or religious beliefs, studies or ways of behaving: sexism feminism Buddhism -ism suffix an example of typical behaviour: That expression was a real Taylor-ism (= an example of behaving or speaking like Taylor). ism noun [C] INFORMAL MAINLY HUMOROUS a set of beliefs, especially ones that you disapprove of: Thatcher is unique among her predecessors in having given the English language a brand new ism, created from her own name.

2004 年

黃邦傑著"------ism"都譯作"……主義"嗎? （收入 譯藝譚 台北:書林 1998, pp .26-29）

歸納分類為：

一. 關於學說 尤其哲學宗教方面中譯除接以"主義"外 大都是"論" "說" 如relativism—相對論 atomism 原子說

二. 關於醫學的病態方面 中譯多接以"病""中毒" "症"

hydragyrism 汞中毒/rheumatism風濕病/giantism巨大其畸形症/plutonism還射線傷/negativism違 抝症?/exhibitionism裸體病態/ eroembotism飛行員高空症/terantsm 跳舞狂

三. 關於動物 生化物理方面 中譯多接以"性能""作用" "現象

四. 關於語言方面 中譯多接以"語風""習語" "方式等"

五. 關於其他方面 中譯的表達多種多樣:

anachronism –時代錯誤/simplism—過份簡單化/methodism--—墨守成規/fanaticism—狂熱/priggism—沾沾自喜/ostracism—流放/paternalism—家長式統治(作風)/vocalism—聲樂技巧/factionalism—派別活動/bimetallism—金銀復(sic 應為複)本位制/tourism—旅遊(業)/labourism—工黨政策

prig

(prĭg) n.

1. A person who demonstrates an exaggerated conformity or propriety, especially in an irritatingly arrogant or smug manner.
2. Chiefly British. A petty thief or pickpocket.
3. Archaic. A conceited dandy; a fop.

tr.v. Chiefly British, prigged, prig·ging, prigs. To steal or pilfer.

[Origin unknown.]

priggery prig'ger·y n. priggish prig'gish adj. priggishly prig'gish·ly adv. priggishness prig'gish·ness n.

hurdle n.

1. Sports.
   1. A light portable barrier over which competitors must leap in certain races.
   2. hurdles A race in which a series of such barriers must be jumped without the competitors' breaking their stride.
   3. A leaping step made off one foot as means of maximizing spring at the end of an approach, as to a dive.
2. An obstacle or difficulty to be overcome: the last hurdle before graduation.
3. Chiefly British. A portable framework made of intertwined branches or wattle and used for temporary fencing.
4. Chiefly British. A frame or sledge on which condemned persons were dragged to execution.

v., -dled, -dling, -dles. v.tr.

1. To leap over (a barrier) in or as if in a race.
2. To overcome or deal with successfully; surmount: hurdle a problem.

v.intr. To leap over a barrier or other obstacle.

[Middle English hurdel, portable panel for temporary fences, from Old English hyrdel.]

wattle¹

/ˈwɒt(ə)l/

查看下列字典提供的定義：

All

Building

Biology

noun

1. 1.

   a material for making fences, walls, etc., consisting of rods or stakes interlaced with twigs or branches.
2. 2.

   AUSTRALIAN

   an acacia.

verb

1. make, enclose, or fill up with wattle.

將「wattle」翻譯成以下語言：關閉翻譯中文（繁體）日文──────────土耳其文土庫曼文中文（繁體）中文（簡體）丹麥文巴斯克文日文毛利文爪哇文世界文加利西亞文加泰蘭文古吉拉特文史瓦希里文尼泊爾文尼揚賈文白俄羅斯文立陶宛文伊布文冰島文匈牙利文印尼文印地文吉爾吉斯文西弗里西亞文西班牙文克羅埃西亞文坎那達文希伯來文希臘文亞美尼亞文亞塞拜然文坦米爾文孟加拉文拉丁文拉脫維亞文法文波士尼亞文波斯文波蘭文芬蘭文阿姆哈拉文阿拉伯文阿爾巴尼亞文俄文保加利亞文信德文南非荷蘭文哈薩克文威爾斯文科西嘉文科薩文約魯巴文苗文夏威夷文庫德文挪威文旁遮普文泰文泰盧固文海地文烏克蘭文烏茲別克文烏都文祖魯文索馬利文馬來文馬來亞拉姆文馬其頓文馬拉地文馬達加斯加文馬爾他文高棉文宿霧文捷克文紹納文荷蘭文喬治亞文巽他文斯洛伐克文斯洛維尼亞文普什圖文菲律賓文越南文塔吉克文塞索托文塞爾維亞文意第緒文愛沙尼亞文愛爾蘭文瑞典文義大利文葡萄牙文僧伽羅文維吾爾文蒙古文豪撒文寮文德文歐迪亞文緬甸文盧安達文盧森堡文韓文薩摩亞文羅馬尼亞文蘇格蘭蓋爾文韃靼文

noun

1. 1. 板條
2. 2. 枝條

verb

1. 1. 用編條做成