Crony capitalism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Crony capitalism is a term describing an economy in which success in business depends on close relationships between business people and government officials. It may be exhibited by favoritism in the distribution of legal permits, government grants, special tax breaks, or other forms of state interv…
WIKIPEDIA · 431 次分享
Planet Plutocrat
The countries where politically connected businessmen are most likely to prosper
THE ECONOMIST · 6,986 次分享
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1. Russia 2. Malaysia 3. The Philippines
Which countries top our crony-capitalism index?
Across the world, politically connected tycoons are feeling the squeeze
ECON.ST
The best way to solve the problems of “bad capitalism” (monopolies and cronyism) is to unleash the virtues of “good capitalism” (competition and innovation)
Capitalism's virtues are fuelling a rise in negativity
DAVE SPART has been a stalwart of Private Eye, a British satirical magazine, since the 1970s. The bearded Bolshevik has never wavered in his enthusiasm for...
ECON.ST
March 15th 2014
Crony Capitalism Comes Home
By NICHOLAS D. KRISTOF
Occupy
Wall Street has found traction because the U.S. is now guilty of what
it's accused others of practicing: crony capitalism.
STEVE SACK/ STAR TRIBUNE / CREATOR'S SYNDICATE
Finally -- for those who were wondering -- despite our last names, we are not related in any way, and this interview was not done out of nepotism. However, we did learn that we were both born and grew up around the Los Angeles area and can trace our Chinese family roots to Hong Kong…like perhaps hundreds of thousands of people of Chinese ancestry living in SoCal.
Sarkozy Son Spurs Nepotism Cry
French President Sarkozy's son is in the running for a key job overseeing commerce at Paris's business district, causing opposition lawmakers to cry foul.
The fight against crony capitalism
“People of the same trade
seldom meet together, even for merriment and diversion, but the
conversation ends in a conspiracy against the public, or in some
contrivance to raise prices. It is impossible indeed to prevent such
meetings, by any law which either could be executed, or would be
consistent with liberty and justice. But though the law cannot hinder
people of the same trade from sometimes assembling together, it ought to
do nothing to facilitate such assemblies, much less to render them
necessary.” Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations
亞當•斯密(Adam Smith)在《國富論》(Wealth of Nations)中寫道：“同業中人，會在一起，即令以娛樂消遣為目的，言談之下，恐亦不免是對付公眾的陰謀，是抬高價格的策劃。想用某項能實施卻又不違
反自由正義的法律，來阻止同業者不時的聚會，固屬難能，但立法使其便於集會，尤其是立法使其集會成為必要，卻亦是錯誤的措施。”（郭大力、王亞南譯本—— 譯者注）
crony
noun [C] INFORMAL
a friend, or a person who works for someone in authority, especially one who is willing to give and receive dishonest help:
The General and his cronies are now awaiting trial for drug-smuggling.
The noun cronyism has one meaning:
Meaning #1: favoritism shown to friends and associates (as by appointing them to positions without regard for their qualifications)
Synonym: croneyism
n. - (不顧其資格)任用親信
n. （官職のポストに就く時などの）えこひいき.
nepotism
nep·o·tism (nĕp'ə-tĭz'əm)
noun [U] DISAPPROVING
using your power or influence to obtain good jobs or unfair advantages for members of your own family:
He was guilty of nepotism and corruption.n. - 偏袒, 裙帶關係, 起用親戚
━━ n. 縁故採用; 情実.
nepotistic Show phonetics
adjective DISAPPROVING
nep・o・tist ━━ n.The Cost Of Corruption
An important survey rates nations on bribery, cronyism, nepotism and their impact on business competitiveness.
diversion[di・ver・sion]
- 発音記号[divə'ːrʒən | daivə'ːʃən]
[名]
1 気晴らし, 娯楽.
2 流れを変える水路；排水路；((主に英))迂回(うかい)路, 回り道(detour).
3 [U][C]（目的・方向・注意などを）わきへそらせること, 転換；（資金の）転用, 流用
4 《軍事》牽制(けんせい), 陽動（作戦）.
di・ver・sion・ìsm
[名][U]偏向.
di・ver・sion・ar・y
[形]注意をそらす.
2024年 孟加拉總理逃亡
2025年 尼泊爾總理下台
FT：
『本週，因政府禁止主流社群媒體而引發抗議，尼泊爾青年走上街頭；他們最憤怒的對象之一，是據稱身家不菲的國家政治精英之子女。
在禁令出臺前的數週裏，社群媒體上流傳著一些影片，聲稱展示政客子女享受豪車、名牌包和奢華度假的畫面，並打上了如 #NepoKid、#NepoBabies等標籤。
在一個在「國際透明組織」(Transparency International)年度腐敗指數中位列180個國家中的第107位、且許多人稱政治腐敗猖獗的國家裏，權勢人物家屬看似奢華的生活影像被證明具有極強的引爆性。
週一與警方的衝突造成19人死亡後，示威者於週二縱火焚燒政客住宅和政府大樓，尼泊爾總理卡竇加•夏爾馬•奧利(KP Sharma Oli)宣佈辭職。週三晚間，尼泊爾衛生部表示，全國騷亂造成的死亡總人數已升至30人，受傷超過1000人。』
『週一的抗議很快演變爲更廣泛的起義，反映出人們對該國政治階層的失望，以及許多尼泊爾人眼中已然失靈的政治體制。政府以未遵守強制註冊程式爲由，決定封鎖包括facebook(Facebook)和Instagram在內的熱門社群媒體平臺的訪問，這一舉動成爲年輕人宣洩怒火的導火索。週一抗議中一塊標語牌寫著：「我們買單；你們炫耀。」
「權貴二代」(Nepo Kids)一詞最先在好萊塢流行起來，用來指代富人、名人或有影響力人士的子女，隨後傳到印度寶萊塢電影界和南亞的政治家族，最後在尼泊爾穩腳跟。
一段廣爲流傳的影片展示了尼泊爾政客的所謂「權貴二代」在派對上、乘坐豪華汽車的場景，並穿插著遭受泥石流、地震以及該國普遍貧困之苦的民衆畫面，以及爲尋求更好未來而離開的移民影像。』
『世界銀行(World Bank)表示，在國外工作的移民寄回的匯款對尼泊爾的經濟成長「至關重要」，但這些匯款「並未轉化爲國內的高質量就業，強化了機會流失的循環，並導致許多尼泊爾人持續外流」。
加德滿都的作家普拉納亞•拉納(Pranaya Rana)表示，年輕人的憤怒源於看到「這些政治領導人的孩子——與他們同齡——在Instagram上炫富」。
「這種情緒在社群媒體上不斷醞釀，一旦社群媒體被禁，就像扣動扳機一樣，」拉納說。
自尼泊爾在2008年廢除延續239年的君主制以來，國家已更迭十餘屆政府。抗議者抱怨，這種「旋轉門」讓主要政黨的政治人物都從中受益，卻難以爲廣大公衆帶來實質成果。
根據世界銀行的數據，尼泊爾超過80%的勞動力從事非正規就業，而失業率爲21%。
儘管2006年爲期十年的內戰結束時曾帶來「新尼泊爾」的承諾，並且十年前頒布了新憲法，但許多主要政治人物仍活躍在舞臺上，其中包括四度出任總理的奧利。
一些新面孔正在出現。週二奧利辭職後不久，加德滿都市長巴倫德拉•沙阿——這位曾是說唱歌手、廣爲人知的「巴倫」、並且並非出自主流政黨的、在年輕人中很受歡迎的政治人物——呼籲「親愛的Z世代」(Dear Gen Z)的示威者「現在要剋制！」
在週二發佈的一份聲明中，一個自稱「Z世代抗議者」(Generation Z Protesters)的團體表示，他們「與任何涉及破壞或毀壞公共財產的個人或團體無關」。』
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nepotism (NEP-uh-tiz-uhm)
noun: Favoritism shown to relatives and friends, especially in business or political appointments.
Etymology
From Italian nepotismo, from Latin nepos (grandson, nephew). Ultimately from the Indo-European root nepot- (grandson, nephew) that is also the source of the words nephew and niece.
Notes
The word originated from the practice of popes in the Roman Catholic Church to confer important positions to their sons. Since a pope had taken the vow of chastity, his son was euphemistically called a nephew.
Usage
"What is not siphoned off in corruption is wasted, due to the ineptitude of those appointed on the basis of nepotism and cronyism." — Mahreen Aziz Khan; Demo-crassy Rules; The Express Tribune (Karachi, Pakistan); Sep 25, 2010.
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