2023年12月22日 星期五

rebirth, ramification, liminality, threshold, liminal, bardo

Happy winter solstice
Each year, thousands of visitors gather around the ancient Stonehenge monument to mark the end of the longest night of the year.
The solstice represents the symbolic rebirth of the sun, marking the return of longer days.
-Julian Trevelyan, 1961
可能是巨石陣的藝術品


李安對是枝裕和怎麼發想《下一站,天國》的故事深感興趣,尤其是進入天國的設定:「如果你告訴我死後只能挑選一個影像、一段回憶留存,我會想賞你一巴掌,因為這太不合理。」李安接著說:「片中人物在一個死後的中繼站,類似藏文『中陰身』(bardo)的概念,你看到自己生前一切種種。人物面對鏡頭侃侃而談,有點紀錄片的風格,直到電影帶觀眾抵達一個酸楚動人的時刻,使你久久無法釋懷。」他因而好奇,是枝裕和的腦海中是否有一個特定畫面或情緒想捕捉?


The emergence of the new deadly coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, is having far-reaching ramifications for the corporate world. Here is a look at how sectors from luxury goods to carmakers are grappling with the fallout 




Companies from luxury retailers to airlines and banks are reeling as the disease accelerates

FT.COM

The impact of coronavirus across industry and finance



Paul Klee

In the current six thresholds, 1929




Twitter Takes Down Accounts of China Dissidents Ahead of Tiananmen Anniversary

By PAUL MOZUR

The company said the suspensions were an accident. But the move showed starkly the global political ramifications of Silicon Valley slip-ups.


The decision to turn your back on your religion can have huge ramifications. Two ex-Muslims who were shunned by their families and community share a rarely seen perspective on faith—and losing it

Prof. Jan Svejnar, an expert in global political economy at Columbia | SIPA, discusses the ramifications of Britain's vote to leave the European Union.


A majority of graduate students employed by the University have signed authorization cards in support of unionization, which satisfies the threshold to call an election to form a union.



Taiwan Lifts Investment Threshold In China


"The Magic Mountain, published in 1924, is not a historical novel but a novel about history—about a time just past whose ramifications have yet to fully unfold. Mann chillingly foresaw the disintegrating faith in reason and the corresponding surrender to the irrational that only a few years later produced Adolf Hitler and caused Mann’s own books to be burned in Germany."
--Fergus M. Bordewich, The American Scholar




Debt Talks May Be Defining Moment for Greece, and for Angela Merkel

By ALISON SMALE and ANDREW HIGGINS
Beyond economics, the outcome of the negotiations will have lasting ramifications for European unity and security, raising questions about the German leader's legacy.



The Threshold of the Information Age: Radio, Televsion, and Motion Pictures Mobilize the Nation, Margaret Graham
'The Round House'
By LOUISE ERDRICH
Reviewed by MARIA RUSSO
An American Indian family faces the ramifications of a vicious crime in Louise Erdrich's novel.
A Tiny Life Ends in South Sudan  By NICHOLE SOBECKI
A photographer went to refugee camps in South Sudan, where the mortality rate for children dying of malnutrition is double the established threshold.



《中華鄰國—臺灣閾境性》

臺灣閾境性 ◎蕭新煌
-------------------------------------------------
本書作者是知名的法國台灣研究學者,他基於對台灣前途的關切,乃從歷史找尋未來,更從與中國的複雜關係理出過去的遭遇不必也不應為將來「宿命」之邏輯。關鍵在於當今台灣已為一個地緣政治的主體,更是一個有公民社會力量的新民主體制,也絕非17世紀末滅於清的在台的東寧王朝所能比擬的。本書想用閾境性(Liminality)來勾勒台灣歷史甚至今後的處境,自有其創意;面對中國崛起的台灣,當然也應該在對主體的堅持上,用更具創意的作為去處理兩者或許也可以有更創意的關係。




In some schools of Buddhismbardo (Classical Tibetanབར་དོ་ Wylie: bar do), antarabhāva (Sanskrit), or chūu (Japanese中有)[1] is an intermediate, transitional, or liminal state between death and rebirth. It is a concept which arose soon after the Buddha's passing, with a number of earlier Buddhist groups accepting the existence of such an intermediate state, while other schools rejected it. In Tibetan Buddhismbardo is the central theme of the Bardo Thodol (literally Liberation Through Hearing During the Intermediate State), the Tibetan Book of the Dead.
中有(梵文:antarābhava,藏文:bardo),又稱稱作中陰中蘊中有身中陰身,佛教術語,意指生命在死亡之後,到下一期生命開始之前的中間存在狀態。是生命輪迴的一部份,類似於一般所說的靈魂鬼魂魂魄元神細微身等,但佛教對它有自己的理論解說。

liminal
('mən) pronunciation
n., pl., li·mens, or lim·i·na (lĭm'ə-nə). 曖昧不清的特性
The threshold of a physiological or psychological response.

[Latin līmen, threshold.]
liminal lim'i·nal (lĭm'ə-nəl) adj.

limen[li・men]

  • 発音記号[láimən | -men]
[名](複〜s, lim・i・na 〔límn〕)《心理学》閾(いき). ⇒THRESHOLD 3
lim・i・nal〔límnl〕
[形]

liminality
Liminality is a term used especially by the cultural anthropologist Victor Turner (1920–1983) to refer to rites of passage or rituals that mark the crossings of thresholds between various significant stages of human life. These events all have mythic ramifications. Christian Baptism, Jewish and Muslim circumcision, and the Navajo Kinaalda, for instance, are all liminal events with mythic connotations or origins. Christians are baptized because Jesus was, Jews are circumcised because of Yahweh's command to Abraham, the Navajo girl at puberty changes from girl to the Goddess Changing Woman.
nvestment Markets - Scotland,UK
by Elisha Sanders The Executive Cabinet of Taiwan raised the threshold on offshore investments going to China, last Thursday, in an attempt to broaden ...


threshold (LEVEL)
noun [C usually singular]
the level or point at which you start to experience something, or at which something starts to happen:
I have a low/high boredom threshold (= I do/don't feel bored easily).
His secretary earns £268 a month, well below the threshold for paying tax.threshold (ENTRANCE)
noun [C]
the floor of entrance to a building or roomon the threshold of sth
at the start of a new and important time or development:
We are on the threshold of a new era in European relations.

thresh・old


━━ n. 敷居; 戸口, 入口; 出発点, 初め; 境界; 【物】しきい値 ((反応などを起こさせるのに必要な物理量の最小値)); 【生理・心】閾(いき) ((刺激に対して生体が反応するかどうかの限界)).
 on the threshold of まさに…しようとして.
 threshold of consciousness 【心】識閾(しきいき).

Definition of threshold

noun



  • 1 a strip of wood or stone forming the bottom of a doorway and crossed in entering a house or room: he stood on the threshold of Sheila’s bedroom
  • [in singular] a point of entry or beginning:she was on the threshold of a dazzling career
  • the beginning of an airport runway on which an aircraft is attempting to land.
  • 2 the magnitude or intensity that must be exceeded for a certain reaction, phenomenon, result, or condition to occur or be manifested: nothing happens until the signal passes the threshold [as modifier]:a threshold level
  • the maximum level of radiation or a concentration of a substance considered to be acceptable or safe: their water would meet the safety threshold of 50 milligrams of nitrates per litre
  • the level at which one starts to feel or react to something:he has a low boredom threshold
  • a level, rate, or amount at which something comes into effect:the inheritance tax threshold

Origin:

Old English therscold, threscold; related to German dialect Drischaufel; the first element is related to thresh (in a Germanic sense 'tread'), but the origin of the second element is unknown

[名]
1 敷居;入り口, 門口
the threshold of a valley
谷の入り口
passcrossthe threshold of ...
…の敷居をまたぐ[中にはいる].
2 ((ふつう単数形))始め, 発端, 出発点
be on the threshold of publication
出版[公表]されようとしている.
3 (その点を越えると何かが生じる)基準点, しきい値;《心理学・生理学》閾(いき)(limen)
the threshold of consciousness
識閾(意識の生起と消滅の境界)
have a high[a low] threshold of pain
苦痛に対する許容限界値が高い[低い].
4 (年収の)課税分岐点(tax threshold).
━━[形]((英))消費者物価スライド制賃金の.




ramification




Definition of ramification in English:

noun

(usually ramifications)
1A complex or unwelcome consequence of an action or event:any change is bound to have legal ramifications
1.1subdivision of a complex structure or process:an extended family with its ramifications of neighbouring in-laws
1.2[MASS NOUN] formal or technical The action of ramifying or the state of being ramified:coronary angiogram showed ramification of the right coronary artery close to the ostium






Origin

Mid 17th century: from French, from ramifier 'form branches' (see ramify).

ramification[ram・i・fi・ca・tion]

  • 発音記号[ræ`məfikéiʃən]

[名][U][C]((形式))
1 ((通例〜s))細分化, 分岐.
2 分枝, 分派, 分脈.
3 《植物》分枝;分枝方式.
4 関連問題;(派生して起こる, 最初ははっきりわからない)結果, 効果, 成り行き, (悪)影響.

沒有留言: