2009年1月1日 星期四

formative, shadowy, in formation

Inside I.B.M., Mr. Kuehler helped nurture a culture that protected designers known as “wild ducks,” an I.B.M. label for computer designers who refused to “fly in formation.”


In Nuclear Net’s Undoing, a Web of Shadowy Deals

A C.I.A. deal with a family of Swiss engineers helped end Libya’s bomb program, reveal Iran’s atomic labors and undo Abdul Qadeer Khan’s nuclear black market, officials said.

Le Corbusier's formative years by Brooks, H. Allen






Definition

form (SHAPE) Show phonetics
noun [C]
the shape or appearance of something:
I could just about make out his sleeping form on the bed.
The moon highlighted the shadowy forms of the hills.
The lawn was laid out in the form of the figure eight.

form Show phonetics
verb
1 [I or T] to begin to exist or to make something begin to exist:
A crowd formed around the accident.
A solution began to form in her mind.
She formed the clay into a small bowl.
I formed the impression (= the way she behaved suggested to me) that she didn't really want to come.

2 [I] (ALSO form up) SLIGHTLY FORMAL If separate things form, they come together to make a whole:
The children formed into lines.
The procession formed up and moved off slowly.

3 [L only + noun] to make or be something:
The lorries formed a barricade across the road.
Together they would form the next government.
This information formed the basis of the report.

formation Show phonetics
noun
1 [C] the way something is naturally made or the way it has been arranged:
a rock formation
cloud formations

2 [U] the development of something into a particular thing or shape:
the formation of a crystal

3 in formation Activities which are done in formation are done in a pattern by a number of people, vehicles, etc:
marching in close formation
US Military Dictionary: formation
formative Show phonetics
adjective FORMAL
relating to the time when someone or something is starting to develop in character:
She spent her formative years in Africa.
a formative experience/influence
a formative period

form・a・tive


━━ a. 形成する; 造形の, 発達[発育]の; 【文法】語形成に用いる.
━━ n. 【文法】(語の)構成要素.

formless Show phonetics
adjective
without clear shape or expression



Definition

shadow (DARKNESS) Show phonetics
noun [C]
1 an area of darkness, caused by light being blocked by something, which usually has a similar shape to the object that is blocking the light and which appears to be joined to it:
The children were playing, jumping on each other's shadows.
Jamie followed his mother around all day like a shadow.
The sun shone through the leaves, casting/throwing shadows on the lawn.
This corner of the room is always in shadow (= slight darkness).

2 a small dark area of skin under your eye:
She put on some make-up to cover the dark shadows under her eyes.

shadow Show phonetics
verb [T]
We came across a glade shadowed (= made slightly dark) by large trees.

the shadows plural noun
an area of darkness in which people and things cannot be seen:
Someone jumped out of the shadows and grabbed my handbag.

shadowy Show phonetics
adjective
1 dark and full of shadows:
She was startled by a sudden movement in the shadowy hallway.

2 describes someone or something about which little is known:
The English king, Arthur, is a somewhat shadowy figure who may not have even existed.
They are members of some shadowy extremist group.

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