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| 1. | from Back Matter: |
| "... in terms of virtue or of recidivism, according to circumstances. But what is important is not that we are all malleable-any culture and any civilization depend on this-but the nature and origin of the shaping process. ..." |
But this view of the Nazis -- and of Soviet Communism -- was not as bizarre as it might seem. It was held by Isaiah Berlin as well, because the ideals of the Enlightenment included the belief that reason had utopian powers and that humanity could be reconstructed under its guidance. That belief in the malleability of the human, Berlin argued, ended up leading to totalitarianism.
on Page 251: "... Over its first decade, NIMH's budget had grown at a respectable rate, rising to $50 million in 1959. Between 1959 and 1964, however, NIMH's budget more than tripled, reaching $189 million. ..."
【一件造型的傑作】
幾個月前，我在雅典的國家考古博物館參觀的時候，有一件不甚顯眼卻很特別的象牙雕件，忽然吸引住了我的目光，就是這件被稱為「象牙三人組」(Ivory Triad)的文物。理由是它立刻就讓我聯想到「犍陀羅藝術」中一種頗為流行的造型，「半支迦、訶黎帝（鬼子母）坐像」，它通常是：兩個大人並肩坐著，有一個小孩靠在大人腿上。連我自己都有一件這種類似造型的犍陀羅風格泥塑作品。
在文物的說明牌裡介紹它是在邁錫尼宮殿遺址處發掘的，推估時代西元前14-15世紀。這也就是說這個作品的造型出現到西元前4世紀，亞歷山大締造的希臘化時代，促使希臘風格的藝術技法向東方傳播而與佛教信仰相結合，又透過鬼子母的新題材和犍陀羅藝術表現，這都已經經過一千年了。而再從這類犍陀羅藝術造型，進一步傳播和衍生至今，則又過去兩千年了。
要能創造出一個歷久不衰的造相型式，往往不是一蹴而就的，特別是在傳播落後和緩慢的古代。從另一張古希臘藝術人物五官造型演變圖就可以觀察出：在雕塑人物身上，即使是最顯眼的臉型五官，都還要經過數百年，由眾多不同時代的藝術家們去打磨，才能逐漸精準和精彩。但這件「象牙三人組」幾乎可以說是一步到位的。只是不知製作這件作品的主人是否就是這個造型的設計者，或者是它另有原型？無論如何，它似乎已成了這個造型的孤品。
無怪乎介紹牌中直稱它是：一件邁錫尼藝術中的傑作（masterpiece）。說不定寫這說明的人和我有相似的第一反應：「這東西不會是被放錯地方了吧？」
triple
- 音節
- tri • ple
- 発音
- trípl
[形容詞]
- 1〈事・物が〉三重の(threefold)，3部の，3部から成る
- a triple
- 三重の結び目
- a triple
- 三面鏡.
- 23種の；性格［関係］が三重の
- a triple
- 三重の困難
- triple.
- その分類法は3種ある.
- 33倍の(treble).
- 4〔国際法〕 =.
- 5〔音楽〕 3拍子の.
- 6〔韻律〕 〈押韻が〉対応する3音節を含む.
━━ [名詞]
- 13倍の数［量］.
- 2三つ組み，三つぞろい；三重［3倍］のもの，三幅対(triad).
- 3〔野球〕 三塁打(three-base hit).
- 4〔ボウリング〕 ターキー：連続3ストライク.
- 5〔競馬〕 三連勝単式(trifecta).
- 6((米話)) (ウイスキーなどの)トリプル.⇒.
- 7((triples)) 7個の鐘による転調の鳴鐘(法).
━━ [他動詞]
- 1…を3倍［三重］にする(treble).
- 2〔野球〕 〈走者を〉三塁打で生還させる
- triple a
- 三塁打で走者を生還させる
- triple a
- 三塁打で打点1点を上げる.
━━ [自動詞]
- 1三重［3倍］になる(treble).
- 2〔野球〕 三塁打を打つ.
adjective
1 considered to be socially acceptable because of your good character, appearance or behaviour:
a respectable young woman from a good family
This part of the city has become quite respectable in the last ten years.
I wore my boring, respectable suit to the interview.
2 describes an amount or quality that it is large enough or of a good enough standard to be acceptable:
She earns a respectable salary.
The final score was a respectable 2:1.
respectably
adverb
1 in a respectable way
2 in a way which achieves a reasonable result:
The car performs respectably on the motorway, although it is slightly noisy.
It is a small-budget film, but it has done respectably at the box office.
respectability
noun [U]
an attempt to gain international respectability
The company operates out of modern offices and expensive hotel suites to create an air of respectability.
re・spect・a・ble
━━ a. 尊敬すべき; りっぱな; 社会的地位のある; （服装などが）見苦しくない; （人品）卑しからぬ; 〔皮肉〕 上品ぶった; かなりの, まずまずの.
respectable minority 少数ながらばかにならぬ数（の人々）.
re・spect・a・bil・i・ty n. ((単複両扱い)) 尊敬すべき事［人，人々］, お歴々; （普通pl.） りっぱな慣習［しきたり］; 因習的儀礼; 世間体.
re・spect・a・ble・ness n.
re・spect・a・bly ad.
respectable minority 少数ながらばかにならぬ数（の人々）.re・spect・a・bil・i・ty n. ((単複両扱い)) 尊敬すべき事［人，人々］, お歴々; （普通pl.） りっぱな慣習［しきたり］; 因習的儀礼; 世間体.
re・spect・a・ble・ness n.
re・spect・a・bly ad.
adjective
1 describes a substance that is easily changed into a new shape:
Lead and tin are malleable metals.
2 easily influenced, trained or controlled:
He had an actor's typically malleable features.
Europe saw its colonies as a source of raw material and a malleable workforce.
malleability
noun [U]
mal・le・a・ble
━━ a. 打ちのばしのできる; 順応性のある.
mal・le・a・bil・i・ty ━━ n.
n.[CF. F. malléabilité.] mal・le・a・bil・i・ty ━━ n.The quality or state of being malleable; -- opposed to friability and brittleness. Locke.
****
三級跳
The triple jump is an athletics (track and field) event, previously also known as "hop, step and jump", whose various names describe the actions a competitor takes. The athlete runs down a runway until he reaches a designated mark, from which the jump is measured. The takeoff mark is a board, and in modern championships a strip of plasticine or modeling clay is attached to the board to record athletes overstepping the mark. The first landing has to be done with the takeoff foot. The next phase is a step, landing on the opposite foot, and is followed by the jump, into a sand-filled box, as in the long jump. A "foul" or missed jump occurs when a jumper oversteps the launch mark (most commonly), misses the pit entirely, or does not perform the attempt in the allotted amount of time (usually about one minute).
The triple jump has been included in the modern Olympic Games since its first celebration in 1896. In fact, the first modern Olympic Champion, James Connolly, was a triple jumper, however, the event at this time consisted of two hops and a jump. In 1996, a triple jump event for women was added to the Olympics, having already been included in both the Outdoor World Championships and World Indoor Championships.
The triple jump requires speed, power, rhythm and resilience. However, athletes with limited natural ability can still do well by developing a good technique. If an athlete has reasonable 100m speed (under 12 seconds), and is prepared to complete a training program of weight-training, plyometrics and technical work, she or he might eventually be able to achieve distances in excess of 13 or even 14 metres. In exceptional cases, so long as an athlete has other necessary qualities, lack of blinding speed need not be a barrier to international success. One currently competing British triple jumper (1994 commonwealth champion) is still able to achieve international class distances of 16.50m with 11.5 100m speed.
The current male and female world record holders are Jonathan Edwards of the UK, with a jump of 18.29 metres (Göteborg, August 7, 1995) and Inessa Kravets of Ukraine with a jump of 15.50 metres (Göteborg, August 10, 1995). The men's world indoor record is shared by Aliecer Urrutia of Cuba and Christian Olsson of Sweden with a mark of 17.83 metres. The women's world indoor record measures 15.36 metres, jumped by Tatyana Lebedeva of Russia at the 2004 IAAF World Indoor Championships.
Plasticine, a brand of modelling clay, is a putty-like modelling material made from calcium salts, petroleum jelly and aliphatic acids. The name is a registered trademark of Humbrol but tends to be used as a generic description in the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth.
Contents[hide] |
[edit] History
Plasticine was formulated by art teacher William Harbutt of Bathampton, near Bath, England in 1897. He wanted a non-drying clay for use by his sculpture students. Although the exact composition is a secret, Plasticine is composed of calcium salts (principally calcium carbonate, i.e. chalk), petroleum jelly, and long-chain aliphatic acids (principally stearic acid). It is non-toxic, sterile, soft, malleable, and does not dry on exposure to air (unlike superficially similar products such as Play-Doh, which is based on flour, salt and water). It cannot be hardened by firing; it melts when exposed to heat, and is flammable at much higher temperatures.[citation needed]A patent was awarded in 1899, and in 1900 commercial production started at a factory in Bathampton. The original Plasticine was grey, but the product initially sold to the public came in four colours. It was soon available in a wide variety of bright colours. Plasticine was popular with children, widely used in schools for teaching art, and found a wide variety of other uses (moulding for plaster casts, for example). The Harbutt company promoted Plasticine as a children's toy by producing modelling kits in association with companies responsible for popular children's characters such as Noddy, the Mr Men and Paddington Bear.
The original Plasticine factory was destroyed by fire in 1963 and replaced by a modern building. The Harbutt company continued to produce Plasticine in Bathampton until 1983. It is still manufactured today, but in smaller quantities, and is marketed once more as an art material.
Plas・ti・cine
━━ n. 【商標】（またp-） プラスティシン ((英国製の塑像用の紙粘土)).
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