全世界過量使用antidepressants, 抗憂鬱症藥--它們絕大多數情況的藥效如 placebo或 a dummy pill 稱為"安慰劑".....不過這些研究多是根據"非住院之病人" 所以"患者"還是要"當心...
(行政院衛生署自殺防治中心統計，自殺近年來一直名列在國人十大死因中，八十四年自殺死亡個案為一六一八人，九十五年自殺死亡躍升為四四０六人，顯示每年自殺死亡人數不斷的攀昇，且自殺死亡又以老年憂鬱症為高危險因子，台南市立醫院由身心科主任林忠義率領的醫療團隊，將 ...)
In one clinical trial of more than 300 patients with chronic constipation, those who took Vibrant five times a week had more frequent bowel movements, better quality of life and reduced straining compared with those who took a placebo.
Depression drugs 'do not work'
Adam Cresswell, Health editor | February 27, 2008
NEW-GENERATION antidepressants, including the "happy pill" Prozac, may be no better at relieving the symptoms of depression than a dummy pill.
Controversial new research builds on earlier claims that the drugs work only for the most severely depressed patients, and there is no reason to prescribe them unless other treatments have failed. The research, by Anglo-US experts, also claims that even part of the benefit seen in very depressed patients stems from their having a reduced response to the placebo - the term for the dummy pills against which trial drugs are usually compared - rather than an increased response to the antidepressant when compared with patients with less severe depression.
If correct, the findings - based on an analysis of 35 studies lodged with the US Food and Drug Administration by the drug makers - imply a massive overuse of the drugs worldwide.
The drugs in the analysis, which include the brands Effexor (venlafaxine), Aropax and Prozac, have achieved blockbuster sales since being introduced in the 1990s. There were nearly four million prescriptions written in Australia for the three drugs combined in 2006-07, costing the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme $130million. Venlafaxine, the most commonly prescribed of the three, was the eighth-biggest drain on the PBS in that year.
A fourth drug included in the research, nefazodone (Serzone), was withdrawn in Australia in 2004 after being linked to liver and eye problems.
The analysis - published in the US journal Public Library of Science Medicine - has been criticised by Australian experts, who say its findings are badly flawed.
Gordon Parker, director of the Black Dog Institute and professor of psychiatry at the University of NSW, recently argued in the British Medical Journal that depression was over-diagnosed.
But he said patients should not shy away from antidepressants as a result of this study, as the patients on whom the results were based "bear very little correlation to the people we see in real-life clinical practice".
In particular, participants in trials of antidepressants were usually hospital outpatients rather than admitted patients, they were not suicidal, and did not have drug or alcohol problems - criteria that limited the wider applicability of the results, Professor Parker said.
Patients with melancholic depression were often "in a very dark place" and rarely got onto clinical trials. But 65 to 70 per cent of these patients responded to antidepressants, whereas only 10 to 15 per cent improved after taking the placebo, he said.
"I'm particularly concerned about people who are benefiting from antidepressants, or would benefit, feeling that an effective treatment is useless or discredited (as a result of this research)," Professor Parker said.
Ian Hickie, director of the Brain and Mind Research Institute at Sydney University - who argued against Professor Parker in the same edition of the British Medical Journal - said the findings ignored the fact that suicide rates had fallen in countries where antidepressant use was most widespread. "It would be a mistake to say that drug treatment should be withheld for anything other than the most severe depression," he said.
"Even quite low levels of depression significantly increase suicide risk."
The study, led by Irving Kirsch, now at the Department of Psychology at the University of Hull, builds on earlier analyses of the same data he published in a different journal in 2002.
A spokesman for GlaxoSmithKline, which makes Aropax, said Professor Kirsch's team had "failed to acknowledge the very positive benefits these treatments have provided to patients".
- Additional reporting: The Times
U.S. stocks rose as a split in the technology sector deepened: A stock-buyback plan from IBM drove a rally for blue chips while Google continued its fall because of worries of a slowdown in the company's search-advertising business.
In 1945, after his capture at the end of the Second World War, Hermann Göring arrived at an American-run detention center in war-torn Luxembourg, accompanied by sixteen suitcases and a red hatbox. The suitcases contained all manner of paraphernalia: medals, gems, two cigar cutters, silk underwear, a hot water bottle, and the equivalent of $1 million in cash. Hidden in a coffee can, a set of brass vials housed glass capsules containing a clear liquid and a white precipitate: potassium cyanide. Joining Göring in the detention center were the elite of the captured Nazi regime—Grand Admiral Dönitz; armed forces commander Wilhelm Keitel and his deputy Alfred Jodl; the mentally unstable Robert Ley; the suicidal Hans Frank; the pornographic propagandist Julius Streicher—fifty-two senior Nazis in all, of whom the dominant figure was Göring.
To ensure that the villainous captives were fit for trial at Nuremberg, the US army sent an ambitious army psychiatrist, Captain Douglas M. Kelley, to supervise their mental well-being during their detention. Kelley realized he was being offered the professional opportunity of a lifetime: to discover a distinguishing trait among these arch-criminals that would mark them as psychologically different from the rest of humanity. So began a remarkable relationship between Kelley and his captors, told here for the first time with unique access to Kelley’s long-hidden papers and medical records.
Kelley’s was a hazardous quest, dangerous because against all his expectations he began to appreciate and understand some of the Nazi captives, none more so than the former Reichsmarshall, Hermann Göring. Evil had its charms. http://www.amazon.com/The-Nazi....../dp/161039156X
placebo安慰劑
vial
hatbox
arch-
blue-chip
adjective [before noun]
A blue-chip company or investment is one that can be trusted and is not likely to fail.
In particular, participants in trials of antidepressants were usually hospital outpatients rather than admitted patients, they were not suicidal, and did not have drug or alcohol problems - criteria that limited the wider applicability of the results, Professor Parker said.
Patients with melancholic depression were often "in a very dark place" and rarely got onto clinical trials. But 65 to 70 per cent of these patients responded to antidepressants, whereas only 10 to 15 per cent improved after taking the placebo, he said.
"I'm particularly concerned about people who are benefiting from antidepressants, or would benefit, feeling that an effective treatment is useless or discredited (as a result of this research)," Professor Parker said.
Ian Hickie, director of the Brain and Mind Research Institute at Sydney University - who argued against Professor Parker in the same edition of the British Medical Journal - said the findings ignored the fact that suicide rates had fallen in countries where antidepressant use was most widespread. "It would be a mistake to say that drug treatment should be withheld for anything other than the most severe depression," he said.
"Even quite low levels of depression significantly increase suicide risk."
The study, led by Irving Kirsch, now at the Department of Psychology at the University of Hull, builds on earlier analyses of the same data he published in a different journal in 2002.
A spokesman for GlaxoSmithKline, which makes Aropax, said Professor Kirsch's team had "failed to acknowledge the very positive benefits these treatments have provided to patients".
- Additional reporting: The Times
U.S. stocks rose as a split in the technology sector deepened: A stock-buyback plan from IBM drove a rally for blue chips while Google continued its fall because of worries of a slowdown in the company's search-advertising business.
In 1945, after his capture at the end of the Second World War, Hermann Göring arrived at an American-run detention center in war-torn Luxembourg, accompanied by sixteen suitcases and a red hatbox. The suitcases contained all manner of paraphernalia: medals, gems, two cigar cutters, silk underwear, a hot water bottle, and the equivalent of $1 million in cash. Hidden in a coffee can, a set of brass vials housed glass capsules containing a clear liquid and a white precipitate: potassium cyanide. Joining Göring in the detention center were the elite of the captured Nazi regime—Grand Admiral Dönitz; armed forces commander Wilhelm Keitel and his deputy Alfred Jodl; the mentally unstable Robert Ley; the suicidal Hans Frank; the pornographic propagandist Julius Streicher—fifty-two senior Nazis in all, of whom the dominant figure was Göring.
To ensure that the villainous captives were fit for trial at Nuremberg, the US army sent an ambitious army psychiatrist, Captain Douglas M. Kelley, to supervise their mental well-being during their detention. Kelley realized he was being offered the professional opportunity of a lifetime: to discover a distinguishing trait among these arch-criminals that would mark them as psychologically different from the rest of humanity. So began a remarkable relationship between Kelley and his captors, told here for the first time with unique access to Kelley’s long-hidden papers and medical records.
Kelley’s was a hazardous quest, dangerous because against all his expectations he began to appreciate and understand some of the Nazi captives, none more so than the former Reichsmarshall, Hermann Göring. Evil had its charms. http://www.amazon.com/The-Nazi....../dp/161039156X
placebo安慰劑
二戰時止痛的嗎啡用完了....
二戰期間，因減輕士兵疼痛的嗎啡用完了，美軍麻醉醫師亨利比傑，改為他們注射生理食鹽水，他驚訝地發現，超過1/3士兵的反應就好像他們被注射了嗎啡😲 ..究竟是為什麼！？
本片將探索「#安慰劑效應」背後人腦神秘的運作...
Line breaks: vial
Pronunciation: /ˈvʌɪəl/
Definition of vial in English:
noun
See definition in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary
Line breaks: hat¦box
Pronunciation: /ˈhatbɒks/
Definition of hatbox in English:
noun
Pronunciation: /ɑːtʃ/
Definition of arch- in English:
combiningForm
Origin
Via Latin from Greek arkhi-, from arkhos 'chief'.
blue-chip
adjective [before noun]
A blue-chip company or investment is one that can be trusted and is not likely to fail.
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