roundabout, merry-go-round, yell, can't-fail, fail-safe, fault-tolerant

【#轉角選書：🔍 #史景遷 唯一一本短篇作品精選】

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史景遷的中國縱橫：漢學巨擘的治學脈絡與文化探索

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「他的每一本書我都有！」這是台灣歌手——#伍佰——談論到漢學家史景遷時，難掩興奮地表示。2005年史景遷來台訪問，也舉辦了簽書會，當時最令社會大眾感到驚訝的，是歌手伍佰的現身，原來愛好閱讀的伍佰，自己就是史景遷的頭號書迷，伍佰表示「史景遷的作品有很浪漫的氣氛、很迷彩」，鍾情於史景遷的歷史寫作筆法，伍佰還說：「他的書讓我看了覺得我很渺小，也很偉大。」兩人在2005年的合影，也成為了史學界和出版界的經典一幕。

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史景遷已於2021年逝世，享壽85歲。這一本《中國縱橫》，是精選史景遷25篇短篇作品的選集，除了史景遷個人寫作研究領域相關的題材之外，也包括了他的學思歷程和治學脈絡，是史景遷唯一一本短篇文選。

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本篇文章為收錄在《中國縱橫》、由史景遷撰寫的引言。

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「我把此文集稱作我的 Chinese Roundabout，一部分係出於對華萊士．史蒂文斯（Wallace Stevens）的敬意——長年以來他一直是我生活的一部分——但也因為我很喜歡「roundabout」這個詞。這個詞意在表示曲折繞道而行，但如此前行時有明確目標。

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這個詞也意在表達欲以某種邏輯使從四面八方往同一點駛來的諸多交通工具井然有序的作為（至少在英格蘭，這個詞意同美語的traffic circle／圓環）

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最重要的，由於它也有「旋轉木馬」之意，它使小孩子，也就是未來的學者，想起雙膝緊夾住彩繪木馬，為防跌落雙手緊抓住馬頭，頭猛往後仰，在令人暈眩的旋轉中大笑的情景...」

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【閱讀全文】https://bit.ly/3PGLRa3

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#史景遷 #JonathanSpence #中國 #漢學家 #中國縱橫 時報出版

Roundabouts are not as cheap as they look. Some cost over $2m to build. But they are less expensive to run than traffic lights, which can cost $100,000 a year to power and maintain. They cut congestion because they do not require drivers to stop completely, which makes them greener. But their biggest benefit is safety http://econ.st/1a37ANy

fault tolerance (losing just one transistor can wreck a microprocessor, but brains lose neurons all the time)



漫畫來源: Ted Goff




can't-fail, fail-safe, fault-tolerant 三個類似觀念


 Intel, H-P Unveil High-End Chips, Servers

Intel and Hewlett-Packard said they were once again upgrading their chip technology and servers for high-end computing in an effort to expand their positions in the market for can’t-fail technologies.

Fault-tolerant design - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fault-tolerant_design - CachedShare

In engineering, fault-tolerant design is a design that enables a system to continue operation, possibly at a reduced level (also known as graceful degradation), ...

Components - Redundancy - Criteria - Disadvantages

Fault-tolerant system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fault-tolerant_system - Cached

This article contains specific implementations of fault tolerant systems. For general theory, see fault-tolerant design. Fault-tolerance or graceful degradation is the ...

roundabout (2)待續

迂回生产方法 Roundabout Methods of Production
Roundaboutness, or roundabout methods of production, is the process whereby capital goods are produced first and then, with the help of the capital goods, the desired consumer goods are produced.
The term was devised by the Austrian School economist Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk, who maintained that it was consumer demand, and not necessarily the supply of savings, that would determine the capital investment in any industry.
The Austrian economist Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk argued against both the Ricardian labor theory of price and Marx's theory of exploitation. On the former, he contended that return on capital arises from the roundabout nature of production. A steel ladder, for example, will be produced and brought to market only if the demand supports the digging of iron ore, the smelting of steel, the machines that press that steel into ladder shape, the machines that make and help maintain those machines, etc. Advocates of the labour theory of value point out that every step in that process, however roundabout, involves labor. But Böhm-Bawerk said that what they missed was the process itself, the roundaboutness, which necessarily involves the passage of time.
Roundabout processes, Böhm-Bawerk maintained, lead to a price that pays for more than labor value. This makes it unnecessary to postulate exploitation in order to understand the return on capital, although how the length of the production process in and of itself produces value remains unclear, as if Böhm-Bawerk's idea were correct, the more inefficient a capitalist manufacturer, the longer their production process and the more profit they would accrue. When in fact the additional costs they incur through their inefficient production process would prevent them from selling their output at the market price. Rather than accruing higher profits therefore, they would accrue none at all.
The concept has similarities to the later Keynesian theory developed in the 1930s. A disproof of roundaboutness in economies with compound interest was presented by Paul Samuelson^[1] during the Cambridge capital controversy.
The concept, interpreted as rising technical composition of capital, is also used by some Marxist authors.^[2]

Notes

1. ^ Samuelson, Paul A.(1966) "A Summing Up" Quarterly Journal of Economics 80:4, pp.568-583.
2. ^ For example John R. Bell: Capitalism and the Dialectic - The Uno-Sekine Approach to Marxian Political Economy. London, New York 2009, p.106.

yell
v., yelled, yell·ing, yells. v.intr.
To cry out loudly, as in pain, fright, surprise, or enthusiasm.

v.tr.
To utter or express with a loud cry. See synonyms at shout.

n.

1. A loud cry; a shout.
2. A rhythmic cheer uttered or chanted in unison.

[Middle English yellen, from Old English giellan, gellan.]

yeller yell'er n.

merry-go-round Show phonetics
noun [C]
1 (UK ALSO roundabout, US ALSO carousel) a large machine at a fair which turns round and has wooden or plastic animals or vehicles on which children ride:
The girls wanted the merry-go-round to go faster.

2 a series of similar activities, which can often seem boring:
With his first book came the endless merry-go-round of publicity and interviews.

Children’s Merry-Go-Rounds Sold Exclusively at Toys R Us Recalled by Pacific Cycle Due to Fall Hazard

WASHINGTON, D.C. - The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, in cooperation with the firm named below, today announced a voluntary recall of the following consumer product. Consumers should stop using recalled products immediately unless otherwise instructed.
Name of Product: Playsafe Spinning Quad Merry-Go-Rounds
Units: About 15,000
Manufacturer: Pacific Cycle Inc., of Madison, Wis.
Hazard: The inner bearing on the merry-go-round can fail, causing the seat assembly to suddenly drop to the ground. This poses a fall hazard to children riding the merry-go-round.
Incidents/Injuries: Pacific Cycle has received one report of an injury involving the merry-go- round, which resulted in a fall and abrasions to a child.
Description: The Playsafe Spinning Quad Merry-Go-Round has four yellow plastic seats and black and silver metal bars.
Sold exclusively by: Toys R Us nationwide between January 2008 through March 2008 for between $80 and $100.
Manufactured in: China
Remedy: Consumers should immediately take the merry-go-round away from children and return it to Toys R Us for a full refund, or contact Pacific Cycle to receive a free retrofit kit.
Consumer Contact: For additional information, contact Pacific Cycle toll free at (877) 564-2261 between 8 a.m. and 5 p.m. CT Monday through Friday, or visit the firm’s Web site at www.pacific-cycle.com

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roundabout

音節

róund • abòut

レベル

社会人必須

roundaboutの変化形

roundabouts (複数形)

[形]

1 〈道・方法などが〉遠回りの, 回り道の；〈言葉などが〉間接の, 遠回しの, 回りくどい

by a roundabout way
回り道をして

say ［tell］ a person in a roundabout way
人に遠回し［間接的］に言う（⇒HINT[類語]）.

2 〈衣服が〉すそを平らに切った.

3 〈顔つきなどが〉丸々と太った.

━━[名]

1 ((英))ロータリー（((米))traffic circle）.

2 ((英))メリーゴーラウンド（merry-go-round）.

3 回り道；回遊［漫遊］旅行；遠回りな方法, 間接的方法.

4 ((米))ラウンダバウト：男性用の体にぴったりした, たけの短い上着.

roundabout (at a fair)	carousel    美國
roundabout (in road)	traffic circle 美國