peer review, rendering, in-depth findings, out of one's depth, sound out, in a hole

Far from taking Washington by storm, America’s CEO is out of his depth. Our editorial this week


The Trump presidency is in a hole
And that is bad for America—and the world
ECONOMIST.COM






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The 154-acre Clichy Batignolles, named for the adjoining neighborhoods in northwest Paris, will include offices, housing, a park and a court complex. Above, a rendering.

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Darpa, the government agency that helped invent the Internet, is studying what it would take to send humans to another star. Above, a rendering of a spacecraft.


法新社倫敦1日電，位於倫敦的英國皇家學會（Royal Society）建立至今已有350年歷史，奠定了現代科學基石，例如倡導以實驗證明事實、建立「同儕評鑑」（peer review）原則，乃至強調客觀的學會座右銘「勿信傳言」，都是至今現代科學遵循的研究準則。 ..



Energy | 29.11.2011
Smartphones could have better energy efficiency, Finnish researchers say







The researchers hope mobile phone users in the developing world will benefit most

Aalto University researchers claim they've quadrupled the energy efficiency of smartphones. This could improve mobile Internet access in developing countries.


A Finnish research team says it's slashed smart phone energy use by more than 70 percent - a finding that may help people in developing countries get better Internet access.

Smartphones - mobile phones that can run applications and use the Web easily - are on the rise worldwide. Recent industry analysis from Gartner shows that 115 million smartphones were sold worldwide in the third quarter of 2011 alone.

The key behind these new energy savings is a network proxy, which better organizes the flow of data between a mobile phone and the network, explained Jukka Manner, the lead scientist for the study at Aalto University, outside of Helsinki.

The team hopes to use a combination of new software on the phone and network proxy hardware to use the phone's cellular radio in a much more energy-efficient manner.

The team presented initial findings at the Africomm Conference in Tanzania last week. Manner told Deutsche Welle that the research has been peer-reviewed, and that in-depth findings would be published early next year.

Internet for developing countries

The researchers looked at use cases in Tanzania, Uganda and Kenya, hoping to develop solutions for times when access to electricity was difficult.

Aalto University researchers want to add another layer to existing mobile infrastructure"In Finland, it's annoying when you're to not be able to charge your phone. But in many places around the world, it's not just annoying, but impossible," Manner said.

Only about 11 percent of Africa's population has Internet access. Yet more than half of the people on the continent have mobile phones.

And according to the Finnish team's research, 90 percent Africans live in areas with mobile phone coverage.

Manner emphasized that though the team looked at cases in Africa, "the technology is not tied to any network or country," and can theoretically be implemented anywhere.

Proxy solution

A proxy is a device that gathers data requests from the phone, then sends them on to the network. Communication goes the other way as well, with the proxy receiving "answers" from the Internet to pass along to the mobile phone.

115 million smartphones were sold worldwide in the third quarter of 2011The we content proxy involves a "client application that talks to a dedicated server," Manner said, which organizes the flow of data.

Manner said the Web browser Opera works in a similar fashion.

The device can increase efficiency by, for example, sending bursts of data packets at one time rather than continuously. This results in more "sleep" time for the cell phone, saving battery use.

"It seems a fairly complex and sophisticated piece of technology they've developed," said Steve Furber, a professor at the School of Computer Science at the University of Manchester, in an interview with Deutsche Welle. Furber is also one of the designers behind the energy efficient ARM microprocessor, which is in use in many smartphones, including the iPhone.

Combined efficiency

The Aalto University researchers say they managed to cut power use from smart phones by up to 74 percent.

Although the proxy accounted for the bulk of saved energy, the researchers also utilized websites optimized for mobile phones, Web compression and better data caching to increase efficiency.

Manner noted that they didn't lower the data quality or use any sort of compression.

"We can probably go over 80 percent savings," Manner said.

Author: Sonya Angelica Diehn

Editor: Cyrus Farivar



TOKYO (Reuters) - Orix Corp , Japan's largest leasing company, and consumer credit firm Credit Saison are in merger talks, financial sources close to the matter said on Tuesday, seeking a deal to form a $106 billion finance group.

Orix has sounded out Mizuho Financial Group , Credit Saison's top shareholder, about selling its stake to allow the merger to happen, the sources told Reuters.




sound out


Seek the views or intentions of, as in We'd better sound out Mom about who's using the station wagon, or Let's sound out the staff before we decide which week we should close for vacation.

This expression derives from sound meaning "to measure the depth of water by lowering a line or lead." It was transferred to other kinds of inquiry in the late 1500s, but out was not added for several centuries.





peer review system

n

A professionally sponsored and operated system for the rendering of professional judgment on disagreements between or among dentists, patients, or fiscal intermediaries, respecting quality of care and related matters.




rendering
[réndəriŋ]

(rĕn'dər-ĭng) 

n.
A depiction or interpretation, as in painting or music.
A drawing in perspective of a proposed structure.
A translation: a rendering of Cicero's treatises into English.
A coat of plaster or cement applied to a masonry surface.


[名][U][C]


1 役作り, 演出, 演奏, （考えなどの）描写, 描出.


2 翻訳, 訳文


a Japanese rendering of the New Testament

新約聖書の日本語訳.


3 透視図；《建築》下塗り.

4 《コンピュータ》レンダリング：コンピュータの画像の三次元化.





out of one's depth


In water too deep to stand in:just out of our depth, we bounce down below the surface of the water

In a situation that is beyond one’s capabilities:they soon realized they were out of their depth in Division OneI find it difficult to talk in a situation like this—I’m out of my depth