In 1925, Cecilia Payne, later known as Payne-Gaposchkin, published a thesis overturning the then-established wisdom that the sun is made of the same basic ingredients as Earth's crust. Instead, Payne had realized, the sun appeared to be primarily hydrogen. She was pushed to muddy her findings but was eventually proved correct.
Donovan Moore's What Stars Are Made Of tells her story. Here is a brief excerpt in
Space.com
Bank Sovereign-Debt Disclosures Get Muddied
Banks' disclosures about their government-debt holdings after the EU stress tests now leave an opaque picture of their portfolios.
Frederick Hess blogs in Pundicity: There are at least two big sets of obstacles when it comes to "scaling" innovation. First, innovative models often rely on tough-to-replicate elements. Second, there are key structural conditions that impede efforts to grow even more replicable models. Second, even promising models run afoul of several structural impediments.
Tunis Flap Prompts Departure Of French Minister
French President Nicolas Sarkozy said he was replacing the country's foreign minister, Michelle Alliot-Marie, in an effort to draw a line under a string of embarrassments that have muddied France's diplomatic efforts since the start of uprisings in the Middle East.
COMMENTARY / WORLD
Beijing draws the line with Hong Kong
The world can't afford to be indifferent to Chinese behavior that flouts international norms and ignores obligations that Beijing has accepted.
BY BRAD GLOSSERMAN
draw a line between
Also, draw the line between. Define a limit between two groups, courses of action, or the like. For example, Legally it's important to draw a line between private and public enterprises, or We'll have to draw the line between our department's different jurisdictions. This metaphoric idiom was first recorded in 1793. Also see draw the line at.
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COMMENTARY / WORLD
Beijing draws the line with Hong Kong
The world can't afford to be indifferent to Chinese behavior that flouts international norms and ignores obligations that Beijing has accepted.
BY BRAD GLOSSERMAN
draw a line between
Also, draw the line between. Define a limit between two groups, courses of action, or the like. For example, Legally it's important to draw a line between private and public enterprises, or We'll have to draw the line between our department's different jurisdictions. This metaphoric idiom was first recorded in 1793. Also see draw the line at.
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muddy
adj., -di·er, -di·est.
muddiness mud'di·ness n.
- Full of or covered with mud.
- Not bright or pure: a muddy color.
- Not clear; cloudy, as with sediment: muddy coffee.
- Lacking luster; dull: a muddy complexion.
- Confused or vague: muddy thinking.
- To make dirty or muddy.
- To make dull or cloudy.
- To make obscure or confused.
muddiness mud'di·ness n.
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