commonality, commonalty. historical context of its emergence. “science is a human enterprise,”

Whatever the subject, whatever the audience, one idea that pervades all his work is that “science is a human enterprise,” Ragnar Fjelland and Roger Strand of the University of Bergen in Norway wrote when Professor Hacking won the Holberg Prize.

To Professor Hacking, they said, science “is always created in a historical situation, and to understand why present science is as it is, it is not sufficient to know that it is ‘true,’ or confirmed. We have to know the historical context of its emergence.”

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Professor Hacking’s book “The Emergence of Probability,” which is said to have inspired hundreds of books by other scholars, examined how concepts of statistical probability have evolved over time.

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1.	on Page 19:
	"... mechanisms. To him, the differences between men and women were only interesting scientifically if they pointed the way to larger commonalities. ..."
2.	on Page 305:
	"... while the ubiquitous weak methods supply the commonalities ... Here we see the emergence of a general theory of data- driven science based on heuristic search '9 This ..."

commonality

n., pl. -ties.

1. 1. The possession, along with another or others, of a certain attribute or set of attributes: a political movement's commonality of purpose.
   2. A shared feature or attribute.
2. See commonalty (sense 1).

commonality

com・mon・al・i・ty /kmənləi｜km‐/

―【名】【U】

1 共通性.

2 ＝→commonalty.

commonalty

n., pl. -ties.

1. The common people as opposed to the upper classes. Also called commonality.
2. An incorporated body; a corporation.
3. An entire group: the commonalty of laypeople.

[Middle English communalte, from Old French comunalte, from Medieval Latin commūnālitās, from Late Latin commūnālis, of the community. See communal.]

commonalty

com・mon・al・ty /kmənlti｜km‐/

―【名】【U】 [the 〜; 集合的に] 平民，庶民 《★【用法】 集合体と考える時には単数，構成要素を考える時には複数扱い》.