2022年12月12日 星期一

striking, a striking pair, hunger strike 絕食抗議，striker, the game’s all-time greats




No one has scored more goals for England than Harry Kane.
But a missed penalty in England’s World Cup quarter-final against France this weekend means that team success still eludes him.
Mr Kane long ago established himself as one of his generation’s most gifted and prolific strikers.
Yet read why he might not be remembered among the game’s all-time greats: https://econ.trib.al/C2dFIAf



Theirs was not a traditional marriage, but they were best friends, and he was Canadian, so it made life easier if they wed. His boyfriend for a time was Robert Mapplethorpe, whose photography studio Mr. Leatherdale also managed. He and Mapplethorpe were a striking pair, dressed like twins in leather and denim, their faces as if painted by Caravaggio, and they often photographed each other.


striking

   
      adj  
1    attracting attention; fine; impressive  
a striking beauty     
2    conspicuous; noticeable  
a striking difference     
♦   strikingly      adv  
♦   strikingness      n  

striking circle  
      n     (Hockey)   the semicircular area in front of each goal, which an attacking player must have entered before scoring a goal  

絕食（英語：hunger strike），又稱絕食抗議，特指為了政治或其他目的進行非暴力抵抗或者抗議的一種方式。非抗議性質的自主性停止飲食，一般稱之為禁食。

絕食者公開宣布一定期間內（最常見的為達到特定目的之前）停止進食，少數同時停止飲水，甚至拒絕靜脈注射。絕食抗議的效果，要取決於絕食者的名望、絕食事件的公開程度、公眾對絕食者訴求的贊同程度，被抗議方的一貫態度和所處形勢等[註 1]。

絕食可以導致死亡，但絕食者因為有明確的要求，應該與用停止飲食來自殺（包括殉情、殉道、殉國）的情況區別開來。

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歷史[編輯]

使用絕食來抗議的行為歷史悠久。愛爾蘭在基督教傳入以前，有以收回債款或要求正義等為理由在對方家門口絕食的習俗，稱為Troscad或者Cealachan。古代印度也有類似習慣。出生於西域的佛學翻譯家鳩摩羅什在自傳中記載，當年他的母親要求出家，丈夫不許。她絕食抗議六天直到奄奄一息，丈夫終於允許她帶七歲的鳩摩羅什出家。

在中國古代，也有許多絕食的例子。例如宋徽宗年間狀元何桌被金兵俘獲，絕食而死。楊家將楊業中箭墮馬被俘，絕食三日而死。1276年11月，元兵陷興化，陳文龍被俘後絕食而死。南宋文天祥在廣東力戰失敗被俘，押往大都路上絕食八日，不死。清順治二年（1645年）南明禮部尚書兼東閣大學士高宏圖於會稽絕食九日而亡。南明亡後，左都御史山陰劉宗周絕食二十三日死。2020年12月蘇震清在收押禁見期間抗議司法審判程序不正義，絕食十日，不死。

一般認為最早用絕食來進行正式政治抗議的人是甘地。他一生絕食十幾次：目標包括支持罷工、反對英國殖民統治、抗議國內印度教徒與穆斯林的仇殺。

1984年，台灣美麗島事件政治犯、良心犯施明德為抗議國民黨政府暗殺異議作家江南（劉宜良）的恐怖統治，展開無限期絕食。施明德於1990年5月21日國民黨政府宣布美麗島事件判決無效後，停止絕食，恢復自由。施明德前後絕食長達4年7個月，被插鼻胃管強制灌食達3040次。[來源請求]

自從2005年，被美國軍方關押在關塔那摩灣的囚犯有幾百人先後絕食，抗議未經審判被美軍拘押。絕食者遭美軍強制餵食。2006年3月9日，260名醫生聯名呼籲停止強制餵食[1]

2006年6月21日，被審判的伊拉克前總統薩達姆·海珊和其他被告絕食，抗議其律師被槍殺。[來源請求]


A hunger strike is a method of non-violent resistance[1] in which participants fast as an act of political protest, or to provoke a feeling of guilt in others, usually with the objective to achieve a specific goal, such as a policy change. Most hunger strikers will take liquids but not solid food.

In cases where an entity (usually the state) has or is able to obtain custody of the hunger striker (such as a prisoner), the hunger strike is often terminated by the custodial entity through the use of force-feeding.

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*Advent (CHRISTMAS)

hunger strike noun [C or U] a refusal to eat in order to make a protest: The prisoners have gone on (a) hunger strike to protest about prison conditions. German Support for Brazilian Bishop on Hunger Strike Interview with Michael Bruecker (Adveniat) For two weeks, Brazilian Bishop Luiz Flavio Cappio has been on a hunger strike to protest plans by President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva's government to divert the course of the San Francisco River to irrigate arid regions in the country's Northeast. Cappio says he won't give up his hunger strike until the work stops, because diverting the course of the river would greatly affect poor towns in the region. Thousands of Brazilians support the bishop, as do Catholic agencies in Germany, demonstrating how domestic environmental issues have become of global concern and how the Catholic Church gathers world-wide support for certain causes. Adveniat is the biggest German Catholic relief organisation working in South America. Its member Michael Bruecker visited Bishop Cappio in Brazil in May 2007, and now the organisation is doing what it can to support the hunger-striking clergyman over the distance. hunger striker noun [C]
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