2022年12月28日 星期三

“Ikigai”, “shinrin-yoku”(森林浴) , “kakeibo 家計 簿, ”, 鼻竇炎(Sinusitis)



“Ikigai” joins a long list of Japanese words, including “shinrin-yoku” and “kakeibo”, that have been repurposed to lend an aura of ancient wisdom—and exoticism—to banal ideas

“Ikigai“活著的理由””加入了一長串日語單詞,包括“shinrin-yoku”和“kakeibo”,這些單詞被重新調整用途,為平庸的想法賦予古老智慧和異國情調的光環


The term Shinrin-yoku was coined by the Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries in 1982, and can be defined as making contact with and taking in the atmosphere of the forest.

Shinrin-yoku (森林浴) 

Household ledger
July 2021) Kakeibo (Japanese: 家計 簿, Hepburn: kakei-bo), is a Japanese saving method. The word "kakeibo" can be translated as Household ledger and is literally meant for household financial management.


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鼻竇炎(Sinusitis)是描述發生於鼻竇炎症。常見症狀包含濃厚鼻涕、鼻塞,以及臉部疼痛[1]。其他症狀包含發燒頭痛、嗅覺減退、喉嚨痛,以及咳嗽[2][3]。咳嗽會於夜間加劇。嚴重副作用較為罕見[3]。臨床上將病程4周以下的鼻竇炎稱作急性鼻竇炎(Acute rhinosinutis,ARS),延續12周以上則稱為慢性鼻竇炎(Chronic rhinosinutis,CRS)[1]

鼻竇炎可能肇因於感染過敏空氣汙染,或鼻腔構造問題。最常見的案例為病毒感染[2]。如果症狀持續十天以上未改善,可能就會造成病原菌孳生。哮喘囊腫性纖維化,及免疫缺失患者可能會有復發鼻竇炎的現象。如果沒有懷疑有其他可能併發症存在,一般來說不需使用X光照影。慢性鼻竇炎則建議以鼻鏡或電腦斷層檢查[1]

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