The 15 largest technology companies in 2000 have been decimated — losing about $1.35tn, or roughly 60 per cent, of their combined market value.
(Picture by Bloomberg)
It was one of the worst crashes involving tourists in the country already struggling with a decimated tourism industry, two years after the 2011 uprising that ousted former leader Hosni Mubarak.
Pre-Esalen
Carbon dating of artifacts found on the grounds indicates human presence as early as 4000 BC. Given access to the ocean, fresh water, and the hot springs, the Esselen people used the grounds regularly, with certain areas reserved for burial grounds. The Esselen population was largely decimated by disease, especially in the Carmel Mission, where introduced diseases such as measles, smallpox, and syphilis wiped out 90 percent of the native population. Today, people in the area can still trace their ancestry to the Esselen.Environment | 23.01.2009
Love for the Forests Deeply Rooted in German Psyche
Throughout their history, Germans have had a fascination and love of forests and trees. The country's woodlands and glades have been an inspiration to writers, philosophers and everyday citizens alike.
In the works of such poets as Rainer Maria Rilke, trees stand undaunted in the mysterious German forest, permanently providing shelter and succour, wilderness and nature.
Virtually every German town has woods on its outskirts, originally planted to provide timber for construction.
As one forester put it: "The woods are not some remote ideal to be approached in literature or hiking boots, but an intimate part of even the most urbanized life."
"Forest fascination" is associated with the nation's treasury of sagas and fairy tales, where robbers hide out in the woods, bad wolves devour grandmothers and little girls in red-riding hoods, and children lose their way in the thickets and stumble into the hands of evil witches.
Nazi fascination
Bildunterschrift: Großansicht des Bildes mit der Bildunterschrift:Forests can be enjoyed all year round
Mythical glorification of trees first reached its zenith in the songs, prose and paintings of the Romantic period. The Nazis were likewise obsessed with the concept of the forest.
In 1935, Hitler's deputy and later war criminal Hermann Goering, from his forest hunting retreat, said: "We have become used to seeing the German nation as eternal. There is no better symbol for us than the forest, which has and always will be eternal.
"The eternal forest and an eternal nation -- they belong together," he said before the defeat of the totalitarian Nazi state.
But in a Germany decimated after World War II, Germans still kept heading to their beloved forests.
"It was there," argued Berlin journalist Klaus Hartung, "that the German soul was able to exhale everything that it had inhaled during the history of Germany."
Forest decline
Bildunterschrift: Großansicht des Bildes mit der Bildunterschrift:The Black Forest has become part of German folklore
By the late 1970s the decline of the forests had become apparent. In the 1980s in Bavaria alone, 2.5 million hectares of woodland had been visibly damaged by pollution.
Vast numbers of trees in the fabled Black Forest of Baden-Wuerttemburg were under threat. The German word for it is "Waldsterben," or forest death.
One-third of the western part of the country's surface area is forest land.
The shock ran deep when reports became commonplace that the spruce and fir were dying. Acid rain, an airborne poison that originates in factories, power plants and automobile engines was blamed.
In a chemical reaction still not fully understood, when the sulphur dioxide and nitrogen are brought down out of the atmosphere by rain, the resulting liquid renders both water and soil unable to support tree life.
Forest protection
Bildunterschrift: Großansicht des Bildes mit der Bildunterschrift: Acid rain threatened vast tracts of German forest lands
Groups such as the German Association for the Protection of Forest and Woodlands campaigned to save the woods.
Dozens of other environmental groups, including Robin Hood, the Black Forest Union and the Freudenstadt Action Unit Against the Dying Forest, were dedicated to saving trees.
Ex-chancellor Helmut Kohl warned 20 years ago: "The damage to our forests is dramatic. Our forests are of inestimable importance for the water cycle, for our climate, for our health, for our recreation and for the identity of the German landscape.
"If we do not succeed in saving our forests, the world in which we live will be changed beyond recognition," he told the German Parliament.
Step in right direction
Bildunterschrift: Großansicht des Bildes mit der Bildunterschrift:German Greens leader Cem Oezdemir has campaigned for forest protection
Since then, an environmental revolution has taken place. Power plants' smoke is filtered, and catalytic converters have been installed in cars, reducing emissions.
Germany's Greens party has also helped bring about change. Now, Germany is the global market leader in wind and solar energy, and is a pioneer in climate policy, hosting regular, lively debates on environmental policies.
That does not mean the nation's forests are now suddenly glowing with health. The latest tree vitality measurements in German forests reveal that the picture remains grim due to the influence of climate change and drought.
But at least for now more attention is being paid to the problem.
hemlock
毒堇（堇，普通拼音jìn）是一種歐洲很常見的有毒香草。相傳古希臘著名哲學家蘇格拉底被處決時就是喝了這種植物的汁液而死。毒堇原長於歐亞，現在美國也有分布。在農場建築周圍的原生態地帶，特別是美國東西海岸附近區域，毒堇相當常見。
Virtually every German town has woods on its outskirts, originally planted to provide timber for construction.
As one forester put it: "The woods are not some remote ideal to be approached in literature or hiking boots, but an intimate part of even the most urbanized life."
"Forest fascination" is associated with the nation's treasury of sagas and fairy tales, where robbers hide out in the woods, bad wolves devour grandmothers and little girls in red-riding hoods, and children lose their way in the thickets and stumble into the hands of evil witches.
Nazi fascination
Bildunterschrift: Großansicht des Bildes mit der Bildunterschrift:Forests can be enjoyed all year roundMythical glorification of trees first reached its zenith in the songs, prose and paintings of the Romantic period. The Nazis were likewise obsessed with the concept of the forest.
In 1935, Hitler's deputy and later war criminal Hermann Goering, from his forest hunting retreat, said: "We have become used to seeing the German nation as eternal. There is no better symbol for us than the forest, which has and always will be eternal.
"The eternal forest and an eternal nation -- they belong together," he said before the defeat of the totalitarian Nazi state.
But in a Germany decimated after World War II, Germans still kept heading to their beloved forests.
"It was there," argued Berlin journalist Klaus Hartung, "that the German soul was able to exhale everything that it had inhaled during the history of Germany."
Forest decline
Bildunterschrift: Großansicht des Bildes mit der Bildunterschrift:The Black Forest has become part of German folkloreBy the late 1970s the decline of the forests had become apparent. In the 1980s in Bavaria alone, 2.5 million hectares of woodland had been visibly damaged by pollution.
Vast numbers of trees in the fabled Black Forest of Baden-Wuerttemburg were under threat. The German word for it is "Waldsterben," or forest death.
One-third of the western part of the country's surface area is forest land.
The shock ran deep when reports became commonplace that the spruce and fir were dying. Acid rain, an airborne poison that originates in factories, power plants and automobile engines was blamed.
In a chemical reaction still not fully understood, when the sulphur dioxide and nitrogen are brought down out of the atmosphere by rain, the resulting liquid renders both water and soil unable to support tree life.
Forest protection
Bildunterschrift: Großansicht des Bildes mit der Bildunterschrift: Acid rain threatened vast tracts of German forest landsGroups such as the German Association for the Protection of Forest and Woodlands campaigned to save the woods.
Dozens of other environmental groups, including Robin Hood, the Black Forest Union and the Freudenstadt Action Unit Against the Dying Forest, were dedicated to saving trees.
Ex-chancellor Helmut Kohl warned 20 years ago: "The damage to our forests is dramatic. Our forests are of inestimable importance for the water cycle, for our climate, for our health, for our recreation and for the identity of the German landscape.
"If we do not succeed in saving our forests, the world in which we live will be changed beyond recognition," he told the German Parliament.
Step in right direction
Bildunterschrift: Großansicht des Bildes mit der Bildunterschrift:German Greens leader Cem Oezdemir has campaigned for forest protectionSince then, an environmental revolution has taken place. Power plants' smoke is filtered, and catalytic converters have been installed in cars, reducing emissions.
Germany's Greens party has also helped bring about change. Now, Germany is the global market leader in wind and solar energy, and is a pioneer in climate policy, hosting regular, lively debates on environmental policies.
That does not mean the nation's forests are now suddenly glowing with health. The latest tree vitality measurements in German forests reveal that the picture remains grim due to the influence of climate change and drought.
But at least for now more attention is being paid to the problem.
hemlock
毒堇（堇，普通拼音jìn）是一種歐洲很常見的有毒香草。相傳古希臘著名哲學家蘇格拉底被處決時就是喝了這種植物的汁液而死。毒堇原長於歐亞，現在美國也有分布。在農場建築周圍的原生態地帶，特別是美國東西海岸附近區域，毒堇相當常見。
glade
━━ n. 林間の空地; 沼地.
ze・nith
━━ n. 【天文】（the ～） 天頂; （普通単数形で） 頂点, 絶頂.
decimate[dec・i・mate]
- 発音記号[désəmèit]
[動](他)
1 〈疫病・戦争などが〉…の多くを殺す
The persistent drought decimated the sheep and cattle herds.
日照り続きで羊や牛の群がばたばた倒れていった.
日照り続きで羊や牛の群がばたばた倒れていった.
2 …を（くじで）10人につき1人選んで殺す. ▼古代ローマの軍隊で, 反乱などの罪に対してとられた処罰法.
3 …の10分の1を取る［除く］；((略式))〈数などを〉かなり減らす.
［ラテン語decimātus（decimus10分の1＋-ATE1＝10分の1を対象とする）］
déc・i・mà・tor
[名]
dèc・i・má・tion
[名][U]多数の殺害；（森林などの）大量破壊.
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