Flashback Friday? We try to be pretty timely with our Daily Snap photos, but we couldn’t resist posting this one from a week ago, when we stopped to watch Robert Frost’s favorite courtyard fill up with snow.
Definition of fill-up in English:
NOUN
Pronunciation: /dʒam /
VERB ( jams, jamming, jammed)
NOUN
Back to topjammy
Line breaks: jammy
Pronunciation: /ˈdʒami
/
/
ADJECTIVE ( jammier, jammiest)
because
Pronunciation: /bɪˈkɒz/
Translate because | into French | into German | into Italian | into Spanish conjunction
Origin:
Middle English: from the phrase by cause, influenced by Old French par cause de 'by reason of'
1 When because follows a negative construction the meaning can be ambiguous. In the sentence he did not go because he was ill,
for example, it is not clear whether it means either ‘the reason he did
not go was that he was ill’ or ‘being ill wasn’t the reason for him
going; there was another reason’. Some usage guides recommend using a
comma when the first interpretation is intended (he did not go, because he was ill) and no comma where the second interpretation is intended, but it is probably wiser to avoid using because after a negative altogether.2 As with other conjunctions such as but and and, it is still widely held that it is incorrect to begin a sentence with because.
It has, however, long been used in this way in both written and spoken
English (typically for rhetorical effect), and is quite acceptable. 3 On the construction the reason ... is because, see reason (usage).
American Dialect Society Chooses 'Because' as Word of the YearBy JENNIFER SCHUESSLERJanuary 09, 2014美國方言協會年度單詞：“因為”文化JENNIFER SCHUESSLER2014年01月09日After a year dominated by upstarts like “selfie,” “bitcoin” and “twerk,” the American Dialect Society's Word of the Year honor for 2013 has gone to a seemingly old-hat vocabulary item: “because.”度過了被“自拍”(selfie)、“比特幣”(bitcoin)、“電臀”(twerk)之類新詞暴發戶佔據的一年之後，美國方言協會的“2013年度單詞”榮譽落到了一個看似古老的字眼頭上——“因為”(because)。Increasingly used to introduce a noun or adjective rather than a full clause — as in “because tired” or “because awesome” — “because” won in a landslide at the society's annual meeting in Minneapolis, garnering 127 of 175 votes, well ahead of the runner-up, “slash” (as in “come and visit slash stay”). It also triumphed in the “most useful” category, ahead of nominees like “struggle bus” (as in, “I'm riding the struggle bus”) and “ACC,” or “aggressive carbon copy,” which refers to using email to undermine the position of the recipient by, say, cc'ing the boss.這個單詞愈來愈多地用來引出一個名詞或形容詞，而不是引導一個完整的從句，比如說“因為累”，“因為太棒了”。於是“因為”在方言協會明尼阿波利斯的年會上獲得了壓倒性的勝利，在175名投票者中獲得了127票，遙遙領先於競爭者“斜杠”（slash，例句：“來看看，斜杠，留下”[這裡的slash是指“/”符號，表示“並且”——譯註]）。此外“因為”也在“最有用”競賽組獲勝，領先於“掙扎大巴”（struggle bus，例句：“我正坐著掙扎大巴”[指困境——譯註]），和“ACC”，即“侵略性抄送”(aggressive carbon copy)，意思是通過把email抄送給老闆，來動搖收信者的地位。Ben Zimmer, chairman of the dialect society's new words committee, explained that casual online usage had transformed “because.”協會的新詞委員會主席本·齊默爾(Ben Zimmer)解釋說，“因為”這個詞在網上的隨意用法已經使得這個詞發生了變化。“No longer does 'because' have to be followed by of or a full clause,” he said in a statement. “Now one often sees tersely worded rationales like 'because science' or 'because reasons.' You might not go to a party 'because tired.' As one supporter put it, 'because' should be word of the year 'because useful!' ”“'因為'後面不必再跟一個完整的從句，”他在一份聲明中說，“現在人們經常能看到簡潔的基本概括，諸如'因為科學'，'因為理性'。你可能'因為累'，就不去出席派對。正如一個支持者指出，'因為'應該成為年度詞彙的理由是：'因為有用'。”The society also hung laurels on a number of other words. “Sharknado” won the “most unnecessary” category with 162 votes, crushing second-place finisher “cronut” (18 votes, presumably cast by people who have been able to secure one of the sought-after croissant slash doughnuts). “Catfish,” meaning to misrepresent oneself online, won in the “most creative” category. “Least untruthful,” used by the national intelligence director, James R. Clapper Jr., in June to describe statements he had made to Congress, was deemed “most euphemistic.”這個協會還為其他若干詞彙戴上了桂冠。比如“鯊捲風”(Sharknados)就榮獲了“最沒有必要”組的大獎，有162人把票投給了它，遠勝第二位的“羊角麵包圈”（cronut，只有18人為它投票，他們很可能是吃過那種大受歡迎的羊角包，斜杠，麵包圈）。還有“鯰魚”(catfish)，意思是在網上歪曲地表現自己的形象，它獲得了“最有創意”組別的冠軍。 6月，國家情報總監小詹姆斯·R·克拉帕(James R. Clapper Jr.)用“最小程度的不真誠”(least untruthful)來形容自己對國會做的報告，這個詞獲得了“最委婉”組別的冠軍。
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