technical, methodology, advocacy to corporations

Yale wins the second half, but we're told that technically that doesn't matter. Duke prevails 71-64. Terrific game, Bulldogs! It was a great and historic run.


衛生署食品藥物管理局副組長馮潤蘭說，財政部國庫署是主管機關，衛生署願提供協助。 財政部國庫署副組長謝瑞陽指出，由於世界各國並未強制要求啤酒瓶身須標示熱量，若蔡煌瑯要修法強制，在台灣身為世界貿易組織（WTO）成員的情況下，恐被質疑是一項技術性貿易障礙，

Japan May Be Forced to Declare a Technical Recession, FT Says

The White House said the following were recipients of the National Medal of Science, which was authorized by Congress in 1959:...

W. EDWARDS DEMING, private consultant, for ''his forceful promotion of statistical methodology, for his contributions to sampling theory and for his advocacy to corporations.''

W. EDWARDS DEMING, private consultant, for ''his forceful promotion of statistical methodology, for his contributions to sampling theory and for his advocacy to corporations.''

戴明1987年榮獲美國國家科學獎章的理由：

因他大力倡導統計方法、對於抽樣理論的多方貢獻，以及他對企業界的擁護。

advocate (SUPPORT) Show phonetics
verb [T]
to publicly support or suggest an idea, development or way of doing something:
[+ ing form of verb] She advocates taking a more long-term view.
He advocates the return of capital punishment.

advocate
noun [C]
He's a strong advocate of state ownership of the railways.

advocacy Show phonetics
noun [U]
She is renowned for her advocacy of human rights.━━ n. 弁護; 主張.
advocacy journalism　特定の主義を擁護する報道（機関）.
advocacy journalist　特定の主義を擁護するジャーナリスト.

Bloomberg - USA
3 (Bloomberg) -- The government of Japan may have to announce that the nation has entered a technical recession, the Financial Times reported. ...

methodology

See definition in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Line breaks: meth¦od|ology

Pronunciation: /mɛθəˈdɒlədʒi/

Definition of methodology in English:

noun (plural methodologies)

A system of methods used in a particular area of study or activity:a methodology for investigating the concept of focal points[MASS NOUN]: courses in research methodology and practice

MORE EXAMPLE SENTENCES

• He would not reveal the research methodology of the new system, which would be unveiled in a few weeks.
• Studies using different methodologies and outcome measures have given contrasting results.
• The sociology of music is diverse in its approaches, its methodologies, and its areas of focus.
• GET MORE EXAMPLES

Derivatives

methodologist

noun

EXAMPLE SENTENCES

• In the view of some methodologists, the validity of a measure ought to be gauged by comparing it to measures of the same concept developed through other methods.
• I'm no research methodologist, but how in the name of fortune could you frame appropriate questions?
• Furthermore, economic methodologists have created an in-house adaptation of terminology and a way of arguing which makes even the well-intentioned philosopher-listener lost.
• GET MORE EXAMPLES

Origin

Early 19th century: from modern Latin methodologia or French méthodologie.

technical 
adjective
1 relating to the knowledge, machines or methods used in science and industry:
a few technical problems

2 relating to the knowledge and methods of a particular subject or job:
Personally, I found some parts of the book a little too technical to follow.

3 relating to practical skills and methods that are used in a particular activity:
In her performance as the Snow Queen she showed great technical brilliance.

technically Show phonetics
adverb
technically advanced weaponsadj.

1. Of, relating to, or derived from technique.
2. 1. Having special skill or practical knowledge especially in a mechanical or scientific field: a technical adviser.
   2. Used in or peculiar to a specific field or profession; specialized: technical terminology.
3. 1. Belonging or relating to a particular subject: technical expertise.
   2. Of, relating to, or involving the practical, mechanical, or industrial arts or the applied sciences: a technical school.
4. 1. Abstract or theoretical: a technical analysis.
   2. Of, relating to, or employing the methodology of science; scientific.
5. According to principle; formal rather than practical: a technical advantage.
6. Industrial and mechanical; technological.
7. Relating to or based on analysis of market indicators, such as trading volume and fluctuations in securities prices, rather than underlying economic conditions such as corporate earnings, inflation, and unemployment: a technical correction in the stock market.

n. Sports.
A technical foul.

[From Greek tekhnikos, of art, from tekhnē, art.]

technically tech'ni·cal·ly adv.
technicalness tech'ni·cal·ness n.

[形]((通例限定))

1 技術上の, 技芸上の

technical skill
技巧.

2 専門的な；専門用語使用の；（…について）細かな点まで具体的な((about ...))

technical terms
専門用語.

3 （技芸・職業に）熟達した, 精通した.

4 工業技術の, 応用科学の

technical advances
技術発展.

5 厳密な法解釈に従う；法則上からみた

in the technical sense
厳密な意味で.

6 〈市況が〉人為操作的な.

7 技術的にむずかしい

a technical ski run
高度な技術がいるゲレンデ.

tech・ni・cal・ness

[名]

テクニカル [technical]

• （形動）
• • (1)専門の分野にかかわるさま。専門的。学術上の。
• (2)技術に関係のあるさま。技術的。

technically

丁連財先生關於technically一詞譯法的批評，很值得參考：

//００瑋犯的另一個常見錯誤是technically的翻譯。technically也是有『一字多義』與『一詞多指』的語文現象，但是台灣與廣大華人地區的譯者，卻一直卡死在『一字一義』與『一詞一指』的錯誤中。

自大清帝國與英國打仗然後談和起，technically就翻譯錯了，接著在軍閥民國與國民黨民國時期還是譯錯，到了共產黨共和國以及在台灣的中華民國時代，依然一路錯到底。

原因一樣，technically有好幾個意思：技術上、就技術而言、專業上、自專業角度來談、依詞語定義做嚴格說明、依法律意義做嚴格解釋等等。但是，成千上萬的華人譯者不管technically處於任何語境，卻一律翻譯為『技術上』。

這個錯誤在電視台與報紙的國際新聞、電影對白、論文與書籍的翻譯上，時時處處出現。

譬如：

*南北韓在1953年簽署的是停戰協議而非和平條約，依據國際公法，南北韓『技術上』（technically）仍然處於交戰狀態。（什麼技術? 開槍射擊或開炮猛轟或發射飛彈的技術？製造戰機、戰艦或核彈的技術?錯得離譜，完全不通。）

*由於北方四島的領土糾紛，日本與蘇聯（主權繼承國為俄羅斯共和國）在二次大戰之後並未簽署和平條約，『就技術而言』（technically），日俄仍然處於交戰狀態。（什麼技術?外交或談判技術？喝清酒或伏特加酒言歡的技術?錯得離譜，完全不通。）

*日本在舊金山和約第二條聲明放棄臺灣主權，並未明言割讓予特定國家，『技術上來說』（technically），台灣主權未定。（什麼技術? 畫地圖的技術或測量土地經緯度的技術?錯得離譜，完全不通。）

*柯林頓並未和希拉蕊離婚，他性好美色且喜歡把妹上床，『技術上』 （technically），他觸犯通姦。（什麼技術? 把妹技術或性愛技術? 錯得離譜，根本就是胡亂翻譯。）

*福原愛與江宏傑的離婚尚未生效，就在橫濱與高富帥男人開房間過夜，『技術上』，她搞不倫戀。（什麼技術? 用Google Map找汽車旅館的技術？劈腿技術? 性愛姿勢變換技術？錯得離譜，根本就是胡亂翻譯。）//

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評介三本有關英語起源與發展的書，並談談華人譯者的死穴：be responsible for、technically以及其他

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