reliability, uptime, downtime, availability, outage, Blackout!, at a Press Availability, inaccessibility, optimism about the reliability of the election

Writing in The Economist, former Secretary of State of Kentucky Trey Grayson argues that there is reason for optimism about the reliability of the election

ECONOMIST.COM

Viewpoint | American election systems are a point of pride—because they work

Despite the tussle of politics, America's electoral process is robust

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Building Accessibility Into America, Literally

The Americans With Disabilities Act has reshaped the way people have come to think about equity, civil rights and architecture. But it’s only a start.

OPINION | CARRABINO: Building our legacy
"There seems to be a widely held belief that Yale would be better off if it were to do away with legacy preferences, and yet we have little evidence that this would be the case. Eliminating legacy admissions would offer no remedy to Yale’s inaccessibility for students from underprivileged backgrounds. Doing so would actually have counterproductive consequences, diverting attention from much larger systemic issues that pose barriers to underrepresented students in the college admissions process."

Secretary Michael R. Pompeo at a Press Availability
REMARKS TO THE PRESS
MICHAEL R. POMPEO, SECRETARY OF STATE
PRESS BRIEFING ROOM
WASHINGTON, DC
MAY 20, 2020





Blackout! On this date in 1977, New York City got hit by a 25-hour blackout, kicking off a looting and rioting spree in the city. The power outage occurred after several strikes of lightning hit power lines in upstate New York. Power stations fell one after another, overtaxing neighboring stations until an hour later, when the main station for NYC crashed, and with it went the city's lights. Power was restored late the next night. More than 1,600 stores were looted and vandalized, and nearly 4,000 people were gathered up in the largest mass arrest in the city's history. Damage to the city was estimated to cost some $300 million.

這樣的 "營運可靠度"

營運可靠度 "the Most Reliable Metro System"?

要看中文怎麼受到半生不熟的翻譯名詞"可靠度"等的汙染
可以參考下面的中英文對照
從技術念說
它這一簡單的指標是誤導人的
從翻譯角度
為什麼要將這樣狹窄的"可靠度"字彙 "送"給市民呢??

臺北捷運營運可靠度連續3年在Nova/CoMET組織會員中排名第一

Taipei Metro Once Again Rated the Most Reliable Metro System Among 26 CoMET and Nova Consortiums



Gmail isn't just a free Web mail service for individuals; it is also part of the company's Google Apps suite of hosted collaboration and communication applications, which is used by more than 100,000 organizations, mostly small businesses, as well as by hundreds of universities.
Google offers a service-level agreement of 99.9% uptime to individual users and organizations that sign up for the Premier edition of Google Apps, which costs $50 per user annually.

****大眾電信公司的PHP電話廣告「安心」（DISCOVERY等頻道）。該公司在2007年4月14-15日兩天停機（DOWNTIME）甚長，引發討論：大眾電信大規模斷訊，但依契約要斷訊十二小時才賠償百分之五月租費，由於八成PHS用戶都免月租費，幾乎沒有求償依據。大眾電信昨表示，考慮補償企業用戶，但不會補償個人用戶，消基會則指補償條款太離譜。

國內上次因業者本身設備問題而發生大規模斷訊是一九九九年，當時中華電信因話務量暴增及軟體升級問題全面當機。據當時媒體報導，約有十九萬用戶通信中斷一個多小時，中華電信其後減收一天的月租費。

不過，中華電信、遠傳及台灣大哥大及大眾電信等業者現都使用定型化契約，並規定用戶通信連續中斷十二小時以上才會扣除百分之五月租費。大眾電信總經理吳清源則表示，八成用戶都免繳月租費、依契約其實沒有補償問題，但會考慮對企業用戶提補償方案。

消基會董事長程仁宏批契約離譜，將要求NCC或消保會介入。NCC官員說，規定「的確有進步空間」，也將要求業者達到「四小時內障礙修復率百分之九十五以上」的水準。消保會督導組長劉清芳也說，契約確實有檢討的空間。（記者張勵德、張馨方、陳鳳蘭）

outage (信號或系統)被切斷或當機，失效

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available　━━a.役に立つ, 利用できる; 入手できる; （人が）手があいている; 【法】有効な （valid）.

high-light this word : downtime

---

Available ━━ a. 役に立つ, 利用できる; 入手できる; （人が）手があいている

The online availability of free or low-cost photos and videos has taken a fierce toll on sales of X-rated DVDs.

****

AVAILABILITY

這是系統性能和表現之重要指標。可參考可用度(Availability)

---DHsu的QualityTaiwan中文品質手冊：xquality.atwiki.com

日文━━n.有効（性）,有益.

專業：アベイラビリティ或稼動（人字旁）率【信賴性】

アベイラビリティ

読み方 ：可用性、つまりシステムの壊れにくさのこと。障害の発生しにくさや、障害発生時の修復速度などによって計られる。アベイラビリティの高いシステムと言えば滅多に障害が発生せずいつでも安心して使えるシステムを指し、逆にアベイラビリティの低いシステムとは障害が頻発し、しかもなかなか復旧しないシステムのことを意味している。

****

台灣高鐵公司在2006年有一委託英國作的I V&V報告和中譯：包括品質（quality）、可靠性（reliability）、可維護性（maintainability）和可用性（availability）。不過其「獨立性」和解釋都有些爭議。

---V&V (verification and validation)驗證及確認；I V&V
第三者獨立驗證及確認

usability可用性（電子計算機：這容易與availability混淆）

---Usability (iPhone例)

/////

Thenounavailabilityhas one meaning:
Meaning #1:the quality of being at hand when needed
　Synonyms:handiness,accessibility,availableness
　Antonym:unavailability(meaning #1)

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availability

For thethermodynamicfunction availability, in the sense of available usefulwork, seeexergy.

For availability as a form ofcognitive bias, seeavailability heuristic.

Intelecommunicationsandreliability theory, the termavailabilityhas the following meanings:
1.The degree to which asystem, subsystem, or equipment is operable and in a committable state at the start of a mission, when the mission is called for at an unknown,i.e.,a random, time. Simply put, availability is the proportion of time a system is in a functioning condition.
Note 1:The conditions determining operability and committability must be specified.
Note 2:Expressed mathematically,availabilityis 1 minus theunavailability.
2.The ratio of (a) the total time afunctional unitis capable of being used during a given interval to (b) the length of the interval.
Note 1:An example of availability is 100/168 if the unit is capable of being used for 100 hours in a week.
Note 2:Typical availability objectives are specified either in decimal fractions, such as 0.9998, or sometimes in a logarithmic unit called nines, which corresponds roughly to a number of nines following the decimal point, such as "five nines" for 0.99999 reliability.
Source: fromFederal Standard 1037Cin support ofMIL-STD-188
david hsu指出 妥善率 = availability　

我47架幻象僅25架可用/幻象二千戰機46%待機

不僅F-5型戰機失事頻傳，空軍參謀長劉震武昨天在立委追問下透露，空軍目前連單座的幻象兩千戰機妥善率都只剩五十四％，雙座機有七十五％，他自己也不滿意。國民黨立委林郁方在國防委員會痛批，幻象戰機等於有四十六％的飛機處於待機狀態，即我們花了四十八架單座機的錢，...

-----

報你知

妥善率戰機應戰力

所謂妥善率，是指武器「可立即用於作戰」的一項數據，各種武器因其重要性和作戰需求，而有不同的妥善率，這項數據的取得則決定於武器使用年限、零件取得難易度及每年編列多少維修預算等。

以戰機而言，戰機的妥善率，粗略來說，即指戰機能否馬上起飛應戰的一項數據，妥善率越高，戰力越高。

***

工業工程名詞operational availability操作可用度　

point availability點可用度　

unavailability不可用度　

統計學名詞availability可用度　

average availability平均可用度　

equipment availability設備可用度　

inherent availability固有可用度　

intrinsic availability內在可用度　

limiting availability有限可用率　

mission availability任務可用度

operational availability操作可用度　

氣象學名詞availability可用度　

moisture availability水氣可用率　

化學工程名詞process; availability程序可用性　

availability; process程序可用性　

電子計算機availability可用性　

availability characteristics可用性特性　

availability checking可用性檢查　

availability factor可用性因子　

availability management可用性管理　

availability manager可用性管理器　

availability model可用性模型　

availability ratio可用率　

availability service可用性服務　

availability store可用儲存　

availability，reliability and maintainability，ARM可用性，可靠性和可維護性　

channel availability通道可用性　

channel availability table，CAT通道可用性表　

data availability資料可用性　

database availability資料庫可用性，資料庫有　

device availability裝置可用性　

file availability檔案可用性　

general availability一般可用性　

hardware availability ratio硬體可用率　

high availability高可用性　

high availability cluster multi-processing高可用性叢集多處理　

high availability large database高可用性大型資料庫　

high availability message communication system高可用性訊息通訊系統　

high-availability computing高可用性計算　

limited availability有限可用性

link availability鏈接可用性　

negative availability負可用性　

observed availability觀測的可用性　

overall availability總可用性，總利用率　

planned availability計畫可用性　

reliability，availability，serviceability，RAS RAS性能　

reliability，availability，servicebility，integrity，security，RASIS RASIS性能　

reliability，maintenance and availability可靠性、維護及可用度　

software availability軟體可用性　

system availability系統可用性

term availability plan，TAP項目可用性計劃　

unavailability不可利用性，無用性　

unavailability of service服務的不可用性　

地球科學名詞availability有效度　

機械工程availability可供用性

Wikipedia article "Availability".參考http://answers.com之相關解釋。