upstart, parvenu, nouveau riche,brass knuckles, vulgarian. Upstart: How China Became a Great Power新竄起者《崛起：中國如何成為大國》

就像滿手錢的「暴發戶」，想要構築前所未有的強權「爆發路」──唯有靠「新竄起者戰略」！

亞馬遜冠軍暢銷書，美國印太戰略專家劃時代之作！

嶄新洞見，突破性分析！

以22個案例、16張圖表，完整破解中國崛起的三套組合拳。

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美國政治學家、印太司令部的戰略規劃官梅慧琳（Oriana Skylar Mastro），綜合專家訪談、精密數據，以及權威性中文資料，提出嶄新思路，終於破解中國絕無僅有的強權竄起模式──利用其他大國忽略的地緣政治機會，造就新興強權地位。彙整出16張完整圖表，剖析為什麼資源相對弱勢，中國卻可以瞬間與美國平起平坐。舉例22個「經濟制裁」行動，分析同樣愛用「經濟制裁」脅迫他國，中國和美國的風格有何不同？

竄起者（upstart），在英文中同時具有暴發戶、新貴的意思，意指一個從低位突然崛起、取得權力、財富或地位的實體。 這一詞彙常帶有貶義，形容那些被認為自大、傲慢或咄咄逼人，最近剛開始從事某種活動並成功，卻未對前輩展現出應有尊重的人。 然而，梅慧琳所使用的「竄起者」術語並不完全是貶義，當「upstart」用來描述「新創公司」時，帶有中性意味。

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竄起者策略，是一套國家戰略組合拳，共有三招

【第一式】　模仿對手，依樣畫葫蘆

【第二式】　利用空隙，找漏洞鑽營

【第三式】　致力創新，另闢出蹊徑

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海內外名家　齊力推薦

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　　▷謝淑麗│美國前副助理國務卿Susan Shirk

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#新書預購 #新竄起者 #竄起者戰略

Upstart: How China Became a Great Power

作者 Oriana Skylar Mastro (Author)

A powerful new explanation of China's rise that draws from the business world to show that China is not simply copying established great powers, but exploiting geopolitical opportunities around the world that those other powers had ignored.

Thirty years ago, the idea that China could challenge the United States economically, globally, and militarily seemed unfathomable. Yet today, China is considered another great power in the international system. How did China manage to build power, from a weaker resource position, in an international system that was dominated by the U.S.? What factors determined the strategies Beijing pursued to achieve this feat?

Using granular data and authoritative Chinese sources, Oriana Skylar Mastro demonstrates that China was able to climb to great power status through a careful mix of strategic emulation, exploitation, and entrepreneurship on the international stage. This “upstart approach” ― determined by where and how China chose to compete ― allowed China to rise economically, politically, and militarily, without triggering a catastrophic international backlash that would stem its rise. China emulated (i.e. pursued similar strategies to the U.S. in similar areas) when its leaders thought doing so would build power, while reassuring the U.S. of its intentions. China exploited (i.e. adopted similar approaches to the U.S. in new areas of competition) when China felt that the overall U.S. strategy was effective, but didn't want to risk direct confrontation. Lastly, China pursued entrepreneurial actions (i.e. innovative approaches to new and existing areas of competition) when it believed emulation might elicit a negative reaction and a more effective approach was available. Beyond explaining the unique nature of China's rise, Upstart: How China Became a Great Power provides policy guidance on how the U.S. can maintain a competitive edge in this new era of great power competition.

本書對中國崛起進行了強有力的全新解讀，借鑒商界經驗，顯示中國並非簡單地複製既有大國，而是在世界各地積極探索其他大國忽視的地緣政治機會。

30年前，中國能夠在經濟、全球和軍事上挑戰美國的想法似乎令人難以置信。然而，如今，中國已被視為國際體系中的另一個大國。在一個由美國主導的國際體系中，中國是如何從資源較弱的情況建構起實力的？哪些因素決定了北京為實現這一目標所採取的戰略？

奧莉安娜·斯凱拉·馬斯特羅運用詳盡的數據和權威的中國資料，揭示了中國能夠透過在國際舞台上巧妙地結合戰略模仿、開拓和創業精神，最終躋身大國行列。這種「新貴模式」——由中國選擇的競爭領域和方式決定——使中國在經濟、政治和軍事上崛起，且沒有引發阻礙其崛起的災難性國際反彈。當中國領導人認為效法美國能夠增強實力，同時又能向美國保證其意圖時，中國便會效仿（即在類似領域採取與美國類似的戰略）。當中國認為美國的整體戰略有效，但又不願冒險與美國直接對抗時，中國便會利用美國（即在新的競爭領域採取與美國類似的策略）。最後，當中國認為效法可能引發負面反應，且有更有效的方法時，中國便會採取創業行動（即在新的和現有的競爭領域採取創新方法）。 《崛起：中國如何成為大國》除了闡釋中國崛起的獨特性之外，也為美國如何在大國競爭的新時代保持競爭優勢提供了政策指引。

Roman virtue, Roman rules, and Roman decline have always been an American obsession. Now, we are witnessing the ascent of a figure right out of Petronius: an orange-colored vulgarian of meretricious display.

A Walk in Rome in the Days of Trump

Two forces eerily contemporary have traditionally been thought to bring down ancient republics: the oligarch and the demagogue.

NYER.CM|由 ADAM GOPNIK 上傳

Olivia Pope, the tough crisis manager at the center of the ABC series “Scandal,” "is appealingly relentless and brass-knuckled compared to President Obama," writes Op-Ed columnist Maureen Dowd. "Her mantras are, after all, 'It’s handled,' and 'I’m never out of options.'”

Many people liken the era we're in to the early days of computing, where upstart hobbyists in their garages came up with huge advances that changed the industry. (See "Build a Better Mousetrap—Fast."


Glimpsing the human side of major historical figures is endlessly fascinating. As Melville noted, Shakespeare in his own day wasn’t Shakespeare. He was Master William Shakespeare, the harried writer — mocked as an “upstart crow” by a critic — who churned out plays for the proprietors of the Globe Theater.



Although some major projects, including two new casino resorts, are still going ahead here, construction is stalling a host of others. Home prices have fallen by as much as 30 percent in some areas as the nouveau riche Russian and South Asian buyers cope with staggering losses at home; office rents plunged 14 percent in the last three months of 2008 in the steepest fall in Asia.

nouveau riche 
adjective DISAPPROVING
describes people from a low social class who have recently become very rich and like to show their wealth publicly by spending a lot of money

the nouveau riche 
plural noun
The restaurant is popular with the city's nouveau riche.



parvenu
女性 parvenue
noun [C] FORMAL DISAPPROVING
someone from a low social position who has suddenly become rich or successful p.545
...and new brass instruments evolved out of imperfect but desirable
old ones -- the tuba out of ophicleide, itself a parvenu 'serpent.'

又碰到一法文
par・ve・nu
［F.］ n. 成上り者.

parvenu(e) adj m(f)(f) upstart

(from Dictionnaire Cambridge Klett Compact)


upstart
noun [C] DISAPPROVING
a person, especially a young one, who has suddenly got power or an
important position and takes advantage of this in an unpleasant way

暴發戶
傲慢自負的人

upstart

1. someone who has gained sudden wealth, power or influence, but has either not gained social acceptance or has become arrogant or presumptuous

[edit] Synonyms

• arriviste
• nouveau-riche
• parvenu

前幾天看serpentine 等，想起倫敦海德公園的湖；Henry Moore 在Serpentine
Gallery戶外的展覽。今天碰到樂器serpent

，查Thomas Hardy『還鄉』（Return of the
Native），北京：人民出版社）……據說近乎絕跡……

━━ n. ヘビ; 陰険な人; 【天文】（S-） へび座 （Ser・pens ）.
(Old) Serpent 【聖】（the ～） 悪魔; 誘惑者.

樂器
tuba 前身
蛇形大號 木製/銅等Modern serpents are often made of PVC pipe by joining
different sizes of pipes together, each one being heat tapered, using
a propane torch especially designed for bending and shaping PVC pipe.

arriviste

暴發戶;機會主義者

bounder

暴發戶

mushroom

【古】暴發戶

new money

新富,暴發戶

new rich

新富,暴發戶

nouveau riche

【法】暴發戶

parvenu

暴發戶;新貴

upstart

暴發戶

vulgarian

俗人;俗不可耐的暴發戶

竄起者（upstart），在英文中同時具有暴發戶、新貴的意思，意指一個從低位突然崛起、取得權力、財富或地位的實體。 這一詞彙常帶有貶義，形容那些被認為自大、傲慢或咄咄逼人，最近剛開始從事某種活動並成功，卻未對前輩展現出應有尊重的人。 然而，梅慧琳所使用的「竄起者」術語並不完全是貶義，當「upstart」用來描述「新創公司」時，帶有中性意味。

vulgarian

vʌlˈɡɛːrɪən/

noun

1. an unrefined person, especially one with newly acquired power or wealth.

   "he is a jumped-up vulgarian"

brass knuckles

Syllabification: (brass knuck·les)

Translate brass knuckles | into Spanish

noun

a metal guard worn over the knuckles in fighting, especially to increase the effect of the blows.