pleb, plebe, plebeian, plebiscite, plebiscitary democracy, REFERENDUM

Dividing and Uniting Germany - Page 14 - Google Books Result

https://books.google.com.tw/books?isbn=0415183294

Jürgen Thomaneck, ‎William John Niven - 2001 - ‎History

... and followed the rules of the most democratic constitution of that age. ... 1930s had been rendered impossible by extreme left-wing and right-wing groupings, the ... the Weimar Constitution had been the chief focus of plebiscitary democracy.

The lecture below was delivered to the plebe class at the United States Military Academy at West Point in October of last year.

ON THIS DAY

On Aug. 19, 1934, a plebiscite in Germany approved the vesting of sole executive power in Adolf Hitler as Fuhrer.


 Now, though, we know that there will be a third option. Mr Salmond used his conference speech to throw his weight behind a three-question plebiscite – with the third option providing for what is called “devolution max”. The implication is that the return to Scotland of full control over the economy, spending, taxation and borrowing would represent a moderate third way.
不過，現在我們知道，還會有第三個選項。薩爾蒙德在上述年度大會的講話中，全力倡導帶有三個選項的全民公決。這第三個選項即是所謂的“最大限度移交權力”。言下之意是：英國政府把對蘇格蘭經濟、支出、稅收和舉債的控制權完全交還給蘇格蘭，代表著溫和的“第三條路”。

倫敦警方指控密契爾上月十九日騎著單車想從首相官邸大門離開時，被守衛的警察攔住要他下車，密契爾 表明他貴為黨鞭，硬是要騎車出去，警察警告他可能被捕後，密契爾當場發飆用粗話罵警察「最好搞清楚自己的地位」、「這政府可不是你們管的」，甚至還罵警察 是「白痴」（moron ）和「死老百姓」（pleb）。
pleb一字是plebian (sic)的簡稱，源於拉丁字plebeius，原指不同於上層貴族的普通公民，但在英國已演變為用來形容工人階級的歧視性字眼，凸顯上層階級面對下層階級時的傲慢態度。

pleb[pleb] 発音記号[pléb]

[名]((通例〜s))((略式またはおどけて))

1 平民, 庶民.

2 ＝plebe.

［PLEBEIANの短縮形］

pleb・by

[形]
plebe

(plēb)

n.

A first-year student at the U.S. Military Academy or the U.S. Naval Academy.

[名]((米略式))（陸軍士官学校・海軍兵学校の）最下級生.［PLEBEIANの短縮形］

[Probably short for PLEBEIAN.]

plebeian[ple・be・ian]

 

• 発音記号[plibíːən]

[形]

1 （古代ローマの）平民の.

2 大衆の, 庶民の；普通の；((軽蔑))卑しい.

━━[名]

1 （古代ローマの）平民.

2 庶民.

ple・be・ian・ism

[名]

ple・be・ian・ly

[副]

plebiscite

• 発音記号[plébəsàit]
• 
  

[名]

1 国民投票；一般投票. ⇒REFERENDUM 1

2 国民の総意の表明.

3 大衆討議（による決定）.

4 《ローマ法》一般投票により制定された法.

plebiscite

NOUN

• 1The direct vote of all the members of an electorate on an important public question such as a change in the constitution.

  ‘the administration will hold a plebiscite for the approval of constitutional reforms’

  1. 1.1Roman History A law enacted by the plebeians' assembly.

Origin

Mid 16th century (referring to Roman history): from French plébiscite, from Latin plebiscitum, from plebs, pleb- ‘the common people’ + scitum ‘decree’ (from sciscere ‘vote for’). The sense ‘direct vote of the whole electorate’ dates from the mid 19th century.

plebiscitary

ADJECTIVE

plebiscitary democracy

1. A direct vote in which the entire electorate is invited to accept or refuse a proposal: The new constitution was ratified in a plebiscite. 2. A vote in which a population exercises the right of national self-determination.

REFERENDUM

[名詞] (pl. ref・er・en・dums，-da［-də］)

1. 1レファレンダム：国民投票；その制度. cf. INITIATIVE 4(1).
2. 2レファレンダム：(外交官が本国政府に求める)請訓書.

語源

1847.＜ラテン語「照会されるもの」，referre「持ち帰る」の中性形動名詞；→REFER