2017年6月18日 星期日

study (EXAMINE), plasticity, tread carefully/gently/lightly, treading a perilous line

Efforts to reform France's labour market have defeated many. Great skill will be needed to persuade union leaders, whose clout depends on their ability to draw protesters onto the streets

Emmanuel Macron will be treading a perilous line
ECONOMIST.COM


科学元勘

以科学技术为对象的一种学术研究,它是一种元层次的探究,对应于英文science (and technology)studies,其中“元”相当于英文的meta-,“勘”相当于研究、探究。“科学元勘”不同于科学家所从事的一阶的对象性研 究,因而英文的翻译一般不译成“科学研究”,以避免与科学家的工作混淆。
  科学元勘是一个综合性的研究领域或者学科群,按成熟程度主要包括科学哲学、科技政策研究、科学 史、科学社会学、科学的社会研究、科学知识社会学(SSK)、技术史、技术哲学、技术社会学、科学传播学、科学政治学等等。“科学元勘”并不承诺站在科学 家的立场看问题,科学元勘中相当一部分内容是反省科学技术

The dismissal of a New York suit against Bear Stearns's directors and officers reinforces the principle that where the government forcefully intervenes, courts tread lightly.



At the same time, boomers are seizing on a mounting body of evidence that suggests that brains contain more plasticity than previously thought, and many people are taking matters into their own hands, doing brain fitness exercises with the same intensity with which they attack a treadmill.

work out on the treadmill


plastic (SOFT)
adjective
soft enough to be changed into a new shape:
Clay is a very plastic material.
This metal is plastic at high temperatures.

plasticity noun [U]

tread carefully/gently/lightly
to speak or behave carefully to avoid upsetting or causing offence to anyone:
The government know they have to tread carefully on this issue.

study (EXAMINE)
verb [T]
to examine something very carefully:
I want time to study this contract thoroughly before signing it.
[+ question word] Researchers have been studying how people under stress make decisions.

study 
noun [C]
1 when someone examines a subject in detail in order to discover new information:
a five-year study of the relationship between wildlife and farming
Some studies have suggested a link between certain types of artificial sweetener and cancer.

2 a drawing which an artist makes in order to test ideas before starting a painting of the same subject

studied
adjective
very carefully and intentionally done, made or considered, rather than in a completely honest or sincere way:
After a pause, he gave a studied answer.
She listened to his remarks with studied indifference.

studious 
adjective [before noun]
The report was obviously prepared with studious (= very great) care and attention.

studiously
adverb
They studiously avoided/ignored each other.

studiousnessS
noun [U]

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