giving SB a break, willpower, self-discipline, self-indulgence, self-renewing

WILLPOWER: IT’S IN YOUR HEAD
Greg Walton and Carol Dweck write in The New York Times: When people believe that willpower is fixed and limited, their willpower is easily depleted. But when people believe that willpower is self-renewing — that when you work hard, you’re energized to work more; that when you’ve resisted one temptation, you can better resist the next one — then people successfully exert more willpower. It turns out that willpower is in your head.



The research suggests that giving ourselves a break and accepting our imperfections may be the first step toward better health. People who score high on tests of self-compassion have less depression and anxiety, and tend to be happier and more optimistic. Preliminary data suggest that self-compassion can even influence how much we eat and may help some people lose weight.


This idea does seem at odds with the advice dispensed by many doctors and self-help books, which suggest that willpower and self-discipline are the keys to better health. But Kristin Neff, a pioneer in the field, says self-compassion is not to be confused with self-indulgence or lower standards.

giving s/b a break

1. Give someone a chance or special consideration. For example, She begged the professor for an extension on her term paper, saying "Please give me a break." [c. 1900] Also see get a break.
2. give me a break. Stop trying to fool or upset or bother me. For example, Don't tell me the party's been postponed again--give me a break! This interjection is usually uttered with semihumorous exasperation. [Slang; late 1900s]


willpower
or will pow·er (wĭl'pou'ər)
n.
The strength of will to carry out one's decisions, wishes, or plans.

doozy, annual, seiannual

'BFF,' 'Zombie Bank': Actual New Entries in the Dictionary
TIME
The New Oxford American Dictionary has released its annual list of added words, and it's a doozy. Abbreviations like BFF (best friend forever) and TTYL ...

semiannual	(adjective) Occurring or payable twice each year.
Synonyms:	biyearly
Usage:	Our semiannual family vacation to France usually occurs in December and July.

doozy

n. Slang, pl., -zies.
Something extraordinary or bizarre: "Among the delicious names taken by, or given to, minor political parties in the United States . . . are these doozies: Quids, Locofocos, Barnburners, Coodies, Hunkies, Bucktails" (Saturday Review).

[Possibly blend of DAISY and Duesenberg, a luxury car of the late 1920s and 1930s.]

pregnant (MEANING), beam (SMILE), reverie

In one of the classic scenes in American cinema, young Benjamin Braddock is attending a cocktail party celebrating his graduation from college and entry into adult life. His internal reverie on his future is interrupted by Mr. McGuire, who says he has one word of advice for him. After a pregnant pause McGuire says, “Plastics!” Then he beams at the self-evident brilliance of this remark. Benjamin does not know what to say in reply.

pregnant silence

The Blizzard

A group of four mountaineers struggle up a mountain path during a horrendous blizzard. It has been snowing for three days and the men are dispirited and ready to give up. One by one they stop walking, giving in to the snow and sure death. The leader endeavors to push on, but he too, stops in the snow. A strange woman (possibly the Yuki-onna of Japanese myth) appears out of nowhere and attempts to lure the last conscious man to his death - give into the snow and the storm, she urges him on, into reverie, into sleep, into certain death. But finding some heart, deep within, he shakes off his stupor and her entreaties, to discover that the storm has abated, and that their camp is only a few feet away.

Read more: http://www.answers.com/topic/dreams-1990-film#ixzz1f6E2Aaaj

pregnant (MEANING)
adjective
filled with meaning or importance which has not yet been expressed or understood:
There followed a pregnant pause in which both knew what the other was thinking but neither knew what to say.

preg・nant

--> ━━ a. 妊娠している; 満ちた, はらんだ ((with)); 意味深長な, 含畜のある; 創意に満ちた.
preg・nan・cy
　━━ n.
preg・nant・ly　━━ ad. 意味深長に.

beam (SMILE)
verb [I]
to smile with obvious pleasure:
She beamed with delight/pleasure at his remarks.
The child beamed at his teacher as he received the award.
[+ speech] "I'm so pleased to see you, " he beamed (= said as he smiled).

beaming
adjective
She gave a beaming (= wide and happy) smile.

reverie, -y[rev・er・ie, -y]

• 発音記号[révəri]
• 
  

[名]

1 [U][C]((形式))（…の）空想, 幻想, 夢想((about ...))；((古))妄想(もうそう)

be lost in (a) reverie
物思いにふけっている.

2 《音楽》夢想曲.

'hijacking', extensive, have one's say

From a selection of photographs compiled by Hopper and gallerist Tony Shafrazi—more than a third of them previously unpublished—this extensive volume distills the essence of Hopper's brilliantly prodigious photographic career.



On this date in 1971, "D.B. Cooper" — real name unknown — boarded a Northwest Orient flight in Portland, Oregon. Carrying a black briefcase that he said held a bomb, he hijacked the plane, demanding and receiving $200,000 when the plane touched down at Seattle-Tacoma. He then ordered the plane back up in the air and parachuted out somewhere over southwestern Washington. Except for $5,880 of the loot found on the banks of the Columbia River in 1980, no trace was ever found of the man or the money. The drama series Prison Break featured a character suspected by the show's hero, Michael Scofield, of being the mysterious hijacker.

Japan Wants More Say Over US Troops on Okinawa
Voice of America
November 26, 2011 Japan Wants More Say Over US Troops on Okinawa Steve Heman | Tokyo Japan's foreign minister is promising Okinawans that Tokyo will press Washington to give Japanese authorities more jurisdiction over US forces on the island. ...

say

━━[名]

1 ((one's 〜))言いたいこと, 言うべきこと

have one's say
言いたいことを言う.

2 ((略式))発言の権利, 発言の順番［機会］；((the (last) 〜))決定権

have one's say in ...
…に発言権がある

give a say about ...
…に関して発言の機会を与える

have the last say on ...
…の最終決定権がある.

3 ((主に方言))話, 談話

have a say with ...
…と話す.

4 ((古))言うこと, 言ったこと, 格言, ことわざ.

━━[間]((米略式))

1 ((驚き))まあ；((喜び))よかった, うれしい；((抗議))なんだ.

2 ((相手の注意を引いて))おい, ちょっと.

3 ((あいさつ))やあ.

［古英語secgan. アイスランド語segja（言う）と同系. △SAGA, SAW³］

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hijack Show phonetics
verb [T]
1 to take control of an aircraft or other vehicle during a journey, especially using violence:
Two men hijacked a jet travelling to Paris and demanded $125 000.

2 DISAPPROVING to take control of or use something that does not belong to you for your own advantage:
He resents the way his ideas have been hijacked by others in the department.

hijack Show phonetics
noun [C or U] (ALSO hijacking)
when someone uses force to take control of an aircraft or other vehicle:
The hijack ended with the release of all the plane's passengers unharmed.

hijacker Show phonetics
noun [C]
hijack
━━ v., n. 乗っ取り［取る］, ハイジャック（する）; 強奪（する）.
hi・jack・ee　━━ n. ハイジャックの被害者.
hi・jack・er　━━ n. ハイジャックの犯人; （貨物などの）強奪犯人.
hi・jack・ing　━━ n. ハイジャック（事件）, 乗っ取り.

October 18, 2007 2:23 PM PDT

Reports: China 'hijacking' Google, Yahoo, Microsoft search sites

Posted by Anne Broache

Ticked off that the United States gave the Dalai Lama the prestigious Congressional Gold Medal this week, China may be taking out its aggression by "hijacking" American search engines.

There's speculation that the Dalai Lama's recent award from President Bush (their meeting, pictured above) has prompted Net users in China to be rerouted from U.S. search sites to Baidu.

(Credit: White House)

Over at Search Engine Land, Danny Sullivan reports that numerous users trying to access Google, Yahoo, or Microsoft search engines from within China or using Chinese Internet service providers are being redirected to Chinese-owned search engine Baidu.

Sullivan says it's not exactly clear how that process is working, but he cites a news report from 2002 that indicates this sort of thing has happened in China before. At the time, a Baidu official denied having any part in the rerouting.

So is the Chinese government to blame? After all, its extensive attempts at censoring what its citizens view on the Internet have been well-documented.

It's worth noting, however, that the reported redirects may not have any direct link to the Dalai Lama events. The Associated Press reported earlier this week that Beijing has been ramping up its filtering of political sites in an attempt to stifle political dissent leading up to the Communist Party Congress, a meeting in which leaders are selected to serve under the president for the next five years.

extensive

adj.

1. Large in extent, range, or amount.
2. Of or relating to the cultivation of vast areas of land with a minimum of labor or expense.

extensively ex·ten'sive·ly adv.
extensiveness ex·ten'sive·ness n.

rub off, version, limit down

Taiwan stocks open up; HTC limit down for second session
Reuters Africa
TAIPEI, Nov 25 (Reuters) - Taiwan stocks opened 0.61 percent higher on Friday, led by iron and steel makers, though smartphone maker HTC fell by the 7 percent maximum allowed for a second session after cutting its revenue forecasts. ...

German Beer Consumption Not What It Used to Be

It seems that Germans are sticking to some secret New Year's resolution to
drink less beer -- for the second year in a row. And their good example
has rubbed off on their neighbors.

The DW-WORLD Article
http://newsletter.dw-world.de/re?l=ew0496I44va89pI0

Amazon's Kindle Looks to Europe

European publishers hope the buzz around electronic books in the U.S. will rub off on them now that Kindle's international version is on its way.

「茶歌舞伎」の授業

先日11月7日、介護社会福祉学科3年は接遇・マナーの授業で「茶歌舞伎」を行いました。これは、10月の後半から長谷川先生（煎茶インストラクター）のご指導で日本茶の歴史、お茶の入れ方を勉強していますが、そのまとめ的授業でした。

茶歌舞伎とは、簡単に説明をすると「利き酒のお茶バージョン」のようなものです。
3種のお茶を、90度のお湯で90秒煎じ、その銘柄を投票するものです。今回、3種の茶には、静岡煎茶、宇治煎茶、鹿児島煎茶を用いました。ルールも厳しく、茶歌舞伎を行う時には話を控えるようにとの先生からの指示でした。

本番前に３種類の色・香・味・葉の特徴等お茶の特徴を先生がガイダンス。予備審査（練習）を行いました。多くの受講生が熱心にメモを取り聞き入っていました。



そして、いよいよ、本番・・・・。始めは、本来の旨みを出す煎じ方ではないため、どのお茶も同じように感じてられ苦戦しましたが、慣れるに従ってしだい に、特徴がわかるようになった受講生が多くなり、白熱した雰囲気が感じられるようになりました。正答を知るたびに、会場から歓声やため息が漏れ聞こえまし た。



茶歌舞伎が終わった後にはお茶とお菓子で懇談、今回のお菓子は「亥の子餅」旧暦の十月に食べるお菓子とのこと。源氏物語にも登場するこのお菓子は、安産祈 願の縁起物で、表面には猪のように焼き色がつけられ、中の「あん」には干し柿や栗、松の実が入った大変豪華なものでした。



茶歌舞伎を行い、お茶の種類、産地や製造方法によりこんなにも味や香りに違いがあることを体験的に理解できたことが最も大きな収穫でした

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バージョン【version】

１ 文学作品などの版。改訂版・翻訳版など。「フランス映画の英語―」「ロング―の曲」 ２ 商品などの特定の型。特に、機能を向上させていくものの、一つの版。「ワープロソフトの新しい―」→リビジョン

rub off phrasal verb INFORMAL
If a quality or characteristic that someone has rubs off, other people begin to have it because they have been with that person and learnt it from them:
His enthusiasm is starting to rub off on the rest of us.


limit downSome markets close trading of contracts when the limit down is reached; others allow trading to resume if the price moves away from the day's limit. If there is a major event affecting the market's sentiment toward a particular commodity, it may take several trading days before the contract price fully reflects this change. On each trading day, the trading limit will be reached before the market's equilibrium contract price is met.

diaspora, a flaming row (ARGUMENT), Iran-Contra affair erupted

On Nov. 25, 1986, the Iran-Contra affair erupted as President Reagan and Attorney General Edwin Meese revealed that profits from secret arms sales to Iran had been diverted to Nicaraguan rebels.

A flaming row

Protests over Tibet could overshadow the Beijing Olympics. China has the means to defuse the row

EU won't mediate in gas row 

The Czech European Union Presidency says it won't assume a mediating role in the dispute between Russia and Ukraine over gas prices and allegedly unpaid bills. Russia's gas giant Gazprom accuses Ukraine of siphoning off gas headed for Europe to meet domestic demands, a claim Kiev denies. Russia cut supplies for the Ukrainian market on New Year's Day over the row. Russia is the EU's largest single supplier of natural gas, and 80 percent of its deliveries pass through Ukrainian territory. Three years ago, an almost identical row led to unexpected gas shortages across Western Europe.

2007年7月19日 星期四

diaspora

下文的 The Chinese Diaspora

數十年前唐君毅翻譯成"中華兒女 花果飄零" (記憶猶新 不見得可靠)



diaspora 
noun [U] FORMAL
the spreading of people from one original country to other countries

the Diaspora group noun [U]
the Jews living in different parts of the world outside Israel, or the various places outside Israel in which they live

(from Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary)

紐約大都會博物館今年9月將在該館中國書畫藝廊展出華裔文學大師林語堂（1895-1976年）家族捐贈的近代中國名家書畫。該批藝術珍品共43件，是林語堂及其次女、名作家林太乙的收藏。展出的書畫包括徐悲鴻、張大千、齊白石、趙少昂、于右任等近代名家作品。

林 太乙於2003年7月5日病逝後，其編譯家夫婿黎明開始考慮這些文物的處理問題。目前獨居於維州水晶城的黎明表示，他深恐自己照顧不力，而生長於西方的兒 女，對這些東西又毫無興趣，遂決定捐贈給博物館，不但為藝品找一個有專人保管的家，同時因有展出機會，讓更多的藝術愛好者欣賞。

這次大都會博物館（Metropolitan Museum of Art）特展主題「腳踏東西文化的華裔作家林語堂」（Bridging East and West：The Chinese Diaspora and Lin Yutang），展期自今年9月15日至2008年2月10日。展出期間除書畫展示和介紹，也舉辦配合特展主題的相關活動，並將林語堂生平及所展出文物編印成冊，供參觀者購買收藏。

紐約時報 2019.3.11每日一詞 ：Diaspora |故土在遠方：那些流散異鄉的人

數十年來，每次大島次郎想要見到他的兄弟姐妹，他都必須前往朝鮮。他是日據時期遷往日本的約32萬朝鮮族的一份子，他的父母和兄弟姐妹早已在1960年代返回朝鮮。在英語中，他被稱為Korean diaspora （朝鮮族僑民）。

Diaspora來自希臘語diasperien，其中前綴dia-表示跨越，sperien意為分散、散播。當這一詞語的首個字母d作大寫時，與猶太人的“大流亡”歷史有關。但如今，diaspora更常見的意思是那些離開他們祖先的故土很遙遠的人，或者這類人棲居的地方，又或是人們遠離既定或祖傳家園的行動、遷徙或分散。

當這個群體指向中國人時，Chinese diaspora是常見的表達，它被譯為“海外華裔”、“海外華人”。在文學中，diaspora literature（離散文學）也是被反復書寫的主題。已故作家余光中的《鄉愁》描述的就是許多海內外華人感受到的苦痛，以及對文化統一的渴望。

Diasporas and Domestic Entrepreneurs: Evidence from the Indian Software Industry

http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/5737.htmlNew working paper for download by HBS professors Ramana Nanda and Tarun Khanna. The Indian diaspora is estimated at over 18 million people spanning 130 countries. Given that formal institutions in India remain weak and hence the informal barriers to trade are higher, do diaspora networks serve as substitutes to the functioning of the local business environment? Do they help entrepreneurs to circumvent the barriers to trade arising from imperfect institutions?

flame (EMOTION)
noun [C] LITERARY
a powerful feeling:
Flames of passion swept through both of them.

flame
verb [I] LITERARY
1 If an emotion flames, you feel it suddenly and strongly:
Seeing the damage made hatred flame within her.

2 to suddenly become hot and red with emotion:
His face flamed (red) with anger.

flaming
adjective INFORMAL
a flaming row a very angry argument in which people shout at each other:
We had a flaming row over it last night.

row (ARGUMENT)
noun MAINLY UK
1 [C] a noisy argument or fight:
My parents often have rows, but my dad does most of the shouting.
What was a political row over government policy on Europe is fast becoming a diplomatic row between France and Britain.

2 [S] loud noise:
I can't concentrate because of the row the builders are making.

row
verb [I] MAINLY UK INFORMAL
to argue, especially loudly:
My parents are always rowing (about/over money).

contra[con・tra]

• 発音記号[kɑ'ntrə | kɔ'n-]

[名]((しばしばC-))コントラ：ニカラグアの反政府右派勢力（1981-1990）.Member of a counterrevolutionary force that sought to overthrow Nicaragua's left-wing Sandinista government. The original contras had been National Guardsmen during the regime of Anastasio Somoza (see Somoza family). The U.S. Central Intelligence Agency played a key role in training and funding the group, whose tactics were decried by the international human-rights community. In 1984 the U.S. Congress banned military aid to the contras; the efforts of the administration of U.S. president Ronald Reagan to circumvent the ban led to the Iran-Contra Affair. A general peace in the region was negotiated by Costa Rican president Oscar Arias Sánchez, and in 1990 Nicaraquan president Violeta Chamorro negotiated the contras' demobilization. See also Daniel Ortega.

contra-[con・tra-¹]

• 発音記号[kɑ'ntrə- | kɔ'n-]

「逆…」「抗…」「反…」.

erupt[e・rupt]

• レベル：大学入試程度
• 発音記号[irʌ'pt]
• 
  

[動](自)［I（[副]）］

1 〈溶岩・火山灰などが〉（…から）噴出する((from ...))；〈火山が〉噴火する；〈間欠泉が〉噴き上がる.

2 〈うっ積していた感情が〉ほとばしり出る；〈言葉などが〉（せきを切ったように）どっと出る；〈暴動などが〉勃発(ぼっぱつ)する

erupt in giggles
急にくすくす笑い出す

erupt into violence ［a riot］
急に暴力［暴動］に発展する.

3 〈発疹(はっしん)が〉（皮膚に）吹き出す, 〈皮膚が〉発疹する.

4 〈歯が〉生える.

━━(他)

1 〈うっ積していた感情などを〉どっと出す, ほとばしらせる.

2 〈溶岩・熱湯などを〉噴出する(eject).

［ラテン語ēruptus （ē-外へ＋rumpere壊す＋-tus過去分詞語尾＝壊し出された）］

The Good, the Bad and the Exaggerated

The Good, the Bad and the Exaggerated in Michael Moore's New Film, 'Capitalism: A Love Story'
Michael Moore's movie, Capitalism: A Love Story, doesn't pull any punches in its depiction of capitalism as the monster that is destroying America. Moore's villains range from Wall Street bankers to Wal-Mart to Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner, while capitalism's victims include those who are losing their jobs, their houses and, in some cases, their faith in a system that is supposed to reward hard work and playing by the rules. Knowledge@Wharton asked Kent Smetters, a professor of insurance and risk management at Wharton who describes himself as "generally right of center," to review Capitalism: A Love Story.
http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/2358.cfm



The 19th Century writer Mark Twain once famously told a newspaper journalist: "The report of my death was an exaggeration," following unfounded media speculation that the author had suffered a fatal illness.


exaggerate
v., -at·ed, -at·ing, -ates. v.tr.

1. To represent as greater than is actually the case; overstate: exaggerate the size of the enemy force; exaggerated his own role in the episode.
2. To enlarge or increase to an abnormal degree: thick lenses that exaggerated the size of her eyes.

v.intr.

To make overstatements.

[Latin exaggerāre, exaggerāt-, to heap up, magnify : ex-, intensive pref.; see ex- + aggerāre, to pile up (from agger, pile , from aggerere, to bring to : ad-, ad- + gerere, to bring).]

exaggeratedly ex·ag'ger·at'ed·ly adv.
exaggeration ex·ag'ger·a'tion n.
exaggerative ex·ag'ger·a'tive or ex·ag'ger·a·to'ry (-ə-tôr'ē, -tōr'ē) adj.
exaggerator ex·ag'ger·a'tor n.

SYNONYMS exaggerate, inflate, magnify, overstate. These verbs mean to represent something as being larger or greater than it actually is: exaggerated the size of the fish I caught; inflated his own importance; magnifying her part in their success; overstated his income on the loan application.
ANTONYM minimize

terrific,emphasize

New Drew Brees ad for Vicks VapoRub.

How Do VapoRub Ads Spell Relief? 'D-A-D'

By STUART ELLIOTT 39 minutes ago

Vicks VapoRub uses Drew Brees, the quarterback of the New Orleans Saints, in a campaign that emphasizes his role as a father.

從Tony獎的驚豔女巫談"terrific!" 2004/6


「恐懼是我一生最大的熱情。」（據R. Barthe說這是霍布斯的話）

靈感來源 "Kristin Chenoweth appeared at the Tony Awards as the terrifically shallow witch Glinda from "Wicked."

據Parables of Sun Light 一書所記（1977年10月23日），談到所謂用語上的「世風日下」（The corrosion of language）。 ---它談一位青年人打電話到旅館，要陪作者Rudolf Arnheim （著名的藝術-心理學家）去演講處。作者說兩分鐘之後用大廳見，該青年答：「terrific! 」
作者覺得，這字眼的原先意思是「可怕的、嚴重的、嚇唬人的、難以忍受的……」

而現在竟然淪為「太好了！」

這樣一來，萬一有一天，地球真的與某一慧星相撞，那時候，不知道還有什麼形容詞可用。這簡直是語言的「腐蝕」。

HC認為，作者的有感而發，也沒什麼道理，因為語言是約定俗成的東西。 根據牛津大學出版的20世紀新字選，此用法1930年開始使用，是歷代各有其「驚奇、崇拜」熱情的口語中最為耐用的，我在1980s才懂得它的意義。

它的說明我認為思果翻譯的牛津同義詞詞典可參考，所以改寫、錄抄：

「terrific這詞和terrible一樣，都與拉丁文terrere（嚇唬）有關，也和英文terror有關。不過terrific現在的意思含糊，日常可以用來形容任何極端的事務（extreme）、極大的（extreme big）、極好的（extreme good）等等。」

例子：
We faced a terrific problem.（我們碰到極棘手的問題。）
My fish was a terrific size. （我的魚極大尾。）
We had a terrific time.（我們過一段極歡樂的時光。）

terrific (VERY GREAT) adjective INFORMAL
used to emphasize the great amount or degree of something:
The police car drove past at a terrific speed.

terrific (VERY GOOD) [Show phonetics]
adjective INFORMAL 1930
very good:
a terrific opportunity
You look terrific!

Concierge Medicine: The Doctor Is (Always) In, If You Pay Enough

Concierge Medicine: The Doctor Is (Always) In, If You Pay Enough
For anyone who has ever waited days or weeks to see the doctor, concierge medicine sounds appealing: For an additional fee, patients typically enjoy same-day appointments and 24-hour access, more face time with the doctor and extra preventative care. Doctors who offer concierge medicine say the practice frees them from the constraints imposed by insurance providers and allows them time to give patients the individualized attention they need. Skeptics argue that concierge medicine promotes a two-tiered system, improving health care for a few but worsening it for everyone else.


A concierge (French pronunciation: [kɔ̃sjɛʁʒ]) is an employee who either works in shifts within, or lives on the premises of an apartment building or a hotel^{[citation needed]} and serves guests with duties similar to those of a butler. The position can also be maintained by a security officer over the 'graveyard' shift. A similar position, known as the portero, exists in Spanish-speaking regions. The term "concierge" evolved from the French Comte Des Cierges, The Keeper of the Candles, who tended to visiting nobles in castles of the medieval era. In medieval times, the concierge was an officer of the King who was charged with executing justice, with the help of his bailiffs.^{[citation needed]}

stewardship / Forest Stewardship Certification

Slide Show: Why We Travel

"On the trip I was struck by many Kenyans' dedication to stewardship of their natural environment."

FOR seasoned shoppers, "buyer's remorse" is a familiar feeling. "Seller's remorse" may also become common soon, as ever more governments order manufacturers to assume the cost of disposing of their products after consumers are done with them. Until recently, most laws on "extended producer responsibility" (EPR) or "product stewardship" applied only to specific types of goods, such as car tyres or electronics. But in late March Maine, following the lead of several Canadian provinces, became the first American state to enact a blanket EPR law, which could in principle cover any product.

extended/ cradle-to-cradle/ buyer's remorse

It is generally agreed that voluntary carbon offset projects must also prove additionality in order to ensure the legitimacy of the environmental stewardship claims resulting from the retirement of the carbon credit (offset). According the World Resources Institute/World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WRI/WBCSD) additionality

steward

[名]

1 （客船・列車・飛行機・バスの）乗客係, スチュワード, ボーイ. ⇒STEWARDESS

2 （大家の財産・家事などを取りしきる）家令, 執事；財産管理人.

3 （クラブ・レストランなどの）給仕長；（大学・病院などの）用度係.

4 （各種団体の）支配人, 事務長；((英))（会合・催し物の）世話役, 幹事.

5 《米国海軍》主計士官.

━━[動](他)(自)（…の）stewardを務める.

［古英語stīweard （stig家, ホール＋weard守る人＝ホールの管理人）. △LORD, STY¹］

stew・ard・shìp

[名][U]執事職.

Forest Stewardship Certification

维基百科，自由的百科全书

森林管理協議会（しんりんかんりきょうぎかい、FSC:Forest Stewardship Council）とは、国際的な森林管理の認証を行う協議会のこと。1993年10月にカナダで創設されたNGO。生産を行う森林や製品、流通過程の評価、認定、監督を行う。機関の構成員は、世界各国の環境保護団体、林業経営者、木材業者、先住民族、森林組合など。 現在の国際本部はドイツのボンにある。

森林管理委員會（英文：Forest Stewardship Council）縮寫FSC，是一個非政府、非營利組織。它成立於1993年，其發起者為國際上一些希望阻止森林遭到不斷破壞的非政府機構、環保人士、木材貿易組織及具有社會責任感的消費者等。

FSC通過制訂森林良好經營的標準和木材加工的產銷監管鏈標準，來追蹤木製品從森林到消費者的整個過程，從而可以控制木材的合法及可持續來源。

FSC希望通過市場機制，使林區的作業結構和經營能夠更加合理，確保經營者在獲取利潤的同時，卻不以犧牲森林資源、生態系統或影響社區為代價。

在林業領域，FSC的標準對社會和環境的要求是最高的，它的可行性在各大洲、不同森林類型、面積和產權制度下已經得到證實。遵循了FSC原則與標準 的要求獲得認證的產品能夠貼FSC的商標，貼有FSC標籤的產品向消費者保證了它們來自於能夠滿足當代人和後代人的社會、經濟和生態需求的森林。森林管理 委員會的認證是由獨立的第三方認證機構來開展的，這就保證了認證的透明度和可信性。

FSC要求森林經營者制訂適合的經營方案並定期對其更新，這個方案必須與FSC的森林管理原則相符合。FSC認證標準要求森林經營者在追求經濟效益 的同時也要考慮到對環境的影響和對林區周邊社區利益的顧及。FSC對於將天然林轉化為人工林的規定非常嚴格，為了保護天然林不被採伐，1994年11月以 後在天然林地上營造的人工林一般不具備認證條件。FSC對林區作業中工人使用的個人防護用品也有嚴格的規定。

隨著國際上對FSC認證產品的需求增加，2007年，貼有FSC標籤的產品銷售額超過了200億美元。FSC也成為了世界上增長最快的森林認證體 系，全球超過7%的用材林是由FSC認證的。FSC已被納入到許多國家的綠色採購政策中，這就提高了國際上對來自於中國的FSC認證木質品的出口需求。

FSC認證在中國增長迅速，截止到2008年11月，已有超過110萬公頃的森林通過了認證，800多家企業獲得了產銷監管鏈證書，他們從中國和世界各地採購FSC認證的木材。

[編輯] 參考資料

1. Forest Stewardship Council（英文）
2. 森林管理委員會（中文）

profess, to take up.'Inferno: The World at War, 1939-1945'

'Inferno: The World at War, 1939-1945'

By MAX HASTINGS
Reviewed by RICHARD J. EVANS

Max Hastings's survey of World War II concentrates on the experience of those who took part.

The January 1 earthquake caused a massive fire on Asaichi Street, a popular tourist area in Wajima City. The inferno burned down a museum dedicated to manga artist Nagai Go, who hails from Wajima and is known for works such as “Mazinger Z” and “Devilman.”

WWW3.NHK.OR.JP

Manga museum destroyed by massive fire after quake | NHK WORLD-JAPAN News

Despite growing concerns about online privacy on social networks such as Facebook, marketers at the Social Data Summit in New York on Thursday professed enthusiasm for social media marketing.

take part
Play a role in, share in, participate, as in Will you be taking part in the wedding? or He did not take part in the discussion. [Late 1300s] Also see take one's part.

profess
v., -fessed, -fess·ing, -fess·es. v.tr.

1. To affirm openly; declare or claim: "a physics major (Gina Maranto).
2. To make a pretense of; pretend: "top officials who were deeply involved with the arms sales but later professed ignorance of them" (David Johnston).
3. 1. To practice as a profession or claim knowledge of: profess medicine.
   2. To teach (a subject) as a professor: profess literature.
4. To affirm belief in: profess Catholicism.
5. To receive into a religious order or congregation.

v.intr.

1. To make an open affirmation.
2. To take the vows of a religious order or congregation.

[Middle English professen, to take vows, from Old French profes, that has taken a religious vow (from Medieval Latin professus, avowed) and from Medieval Latin professāre, to administer a vow, both from Latin professus, past participle of profitērī, to affirm openly : pro-, forth; see pro-¹ + fatērī, to acknowledge.]

professedly pro·fess'ed·ly (-fĕs'ĭd-lē) adv.

'Swiftian' Intent, swift, head-to head

Selling Taiwan to Mainland China: The Author Explains His 'Swiftian' Intent
The Atlantic
In exchange, the United States would stop selling arms to Taiwan and end its promise to defend Taiwan against military attack. The only plausible source of such attack is of course mainland China, which views Taiwan as an integral part of its nation ...

Pelosi Shrugs Off Perry's Debate Challenge With a Joke

The Texan wants to go head-to-head with the former House speaker over his plan to overhaul Washington.

head-to head
(hĕd'tə-hĕd')
adv. & adj.

1. In direct confrontation or conflict at close quarters: The two brothers went at it head-to-head. It was a head-to-head contest all the way.
2. Arranged in a line with the heads adjacent to each other: The bunk beds were set up head-to-head.
3. Running close together in the same direction; neck and neck: The horses ran mostly head-to-head.

Swift[Swift]

• 発音記号[swíft]
• 
  

[名]Jonathan, スウィフト（1667-1745）：英国の作家；Gulliver's Travels. .諷刺文大師

swift[swift]

• レベル：大学入試程度
• 発音記号[swíft]
• 
  

[形]

1 速く動く, 迅速な, 速い(rapid)（⇔slow）. ⇒QUICK[類語]

a swift boat
快速船

a swift speed
快速

swift of foot
((文))足が速い.

2 すばやく行われる, 敏速な, 即座の, 即決の

a swift response
即答

He made a swift appearance at the meeting.
彼は会議にちょっと顔を出した.

3 ((叙述))〈人が〉すぐ（…）する, （…）しやすい((in, to ..., to do))

be swift of execution
実行に移すのが早い

swift with one's judgment
判断が早い

swift to take ［in taking］ offense
すぐカッとなる

be swift to anger
すぐ怒る.

4 ((主に詩))〈時が〉すぐに過ぎ去る.

5 ((俗))頭の切れる.

6 ((米俗))〈女性が〉ふしだらな.

━━[副]((しばしば複合語))すばやく(swiftly)

swift-running
速く走る.

━━[名]

1 《鳥》アマツバメ.

2 《動物》ハリトカゲ(spiny lizard).

3 《昆虫》コウモリガ.

4 （糸巻きの）ふわり；シリンダ.

5 ((the 〜))((集合的に複数扱い))足の速い人.

swift・ly

[副]速く；すぐに.

swift・ness

[名]

repeal, immunity, eavesdropping, retroactive,prescient

Ending ‘Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell’
Congress and the military should work with President Obama to repeal a law that bans gay members of the U.S. armed forces from living their lives openly.

The Eavesdropping Continues
Congress needs to repeal and re-examine the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, which gives the government too broad of a power to eavesdrop.


No diplomatic immunity for Taiwan official: US
AFP
CHICAGO — A Taiwanese official currently detained in Missouri on charges of mistreating her housekeeper should not be able to receive diplomatic immunity, a US State Department spokesman said Monday. While Taiwanese representatives in the United ...

Some of the nation's large banks, according to economists and other finance experts, are like dead men walking, The New York Times's Steve Lohr reports.
Among those who are taking this sober view is Nouriel Roubini, a professor of economics at the Stern School of Business at New York University, who has been both pessimistic and prescient about the gathering credit problems.



Google is watching
Boston Globe - United States
That quote from George Orwell's "1984" becomes increasingly prescient in light of developments in eavesdropping, pioneered by Google. ...

新聞
The New York Times leads with the Senate overwhelmingly, and unsurprisingly, approving a bill that expands the government's surveillance powers and effectively grants immunity to telecommunications companies that helped the National Security Agency's post-Sept. 11 spying efforts. By a 69-28 vote, senators approved "the biggest revamping of federal surveillance law in 30 years." As was widely expected, Sen. Barack Obama, who had earlier spoken up against any immunity provision for the phone companies, voted for the measure.


Bush said he won't sign a new eavesdropping bill if it doesn't grant retroactive immunity to U.S. telecom companies that helped conduct electronic surveillance without court orders.

prescient
adjective FORMAL
knowing or suggesting correctly what will happen in the future:
a prescient warning

prescience
noun [U] FORMAL
the prescience of her remarks

retroactive
adjective (ALSO retrospective) FORMAL
If a law or decision, etc. is retroactive, it has effect from a date before it was approved:
the first British law to have retroactive effect


re·peal (rĭ-pēl')
tr.v., -pealed, -peal·ing, -peals.

1. To revoke or rescind, especially by an official or formal act.
2. Obsolete. To summon back or recall, especially from exile.

n.
The act or process of repealing.

[Middle English repelen, repealen, from Anglo-Norman repeler, alteration of Old French rapeler : re-, re- + apeler, to appeal; see appeal.]

repealable re·peal'a·ble adj.
repealer re·peal'er n.

rètroáctive[rètro・áctive]

[形]((形式))〈法令・昇給などが〉（…まで）さかのぼって効力をもつ, 遡及(そきゅう)する((to ...))

a retroactive clause
遡及条項.

rètro・áctive・ly

[副]

rètro・actívity

[名]

pre・scient

-->

━━ a. 予知する, 先見の明のある.
pre・science
　━━ n.
pre・scient・ly　━━ ad.

immune
━━ a. 免除された ((from)); 免疫になった ((to, from, against)); 影響されない, 動じない ((to, against)).
immune body　免疫体; 抗体.
immune complex　【医】免疫複合体.
immune response　【免疫】免疫応答.
immune serum　【医】免疫血清.
immune system【医】（the ～） 免疫組織.

im・mu・ni・ty　━━ n. 免疫（性） ((to, from, against)); 免除 ((from)).
immune bath　【米法】訴追免除特権 ((証人の供述を得るために与える、将来の訴追を免責する特権)).




retroactive law [tax]　遡及法［税］.


eavesdrop
verb [I] -pp-
to listen to someone's private conversation without them knowing:
He was eavesdropping on our conversation.

eaves━━ n.pl. 軒(のき), ひさし.
eaves・drop　━━ vi. 立聞きする ((on)).
eaves・dropper　n.
eaves・dropping　n. 立聞き; 【コンピュータ】漏話.