diaspora, a flaming row (ARGUMENT), Iran-Contra affair erupted

On Nov. 25, 1986, the Iran-Contra affair erupted as President Reagan and Attorney General Edwin Meese revealed that profits from secret arms sales to Iran had been diverted to Nicaraguan rebels.

A flaming row

Protests over Tibet could overshadow the Beijing Olympics. China has the means to defuse the row

EU won't mediate in gas row 

The Czech European Union Presidency says it won't assume a mediating role in the dispute between Russia and Ukraine over gas prices and allegedly unpaid bills. Russia's gas giant Gazprom accuses Ukraine of siphoning off gas headed for Europe to meet domestic demands, a claim Kiev denies. Russia cut supplies for the Ukrainian market on New Year's Day over the row. Russia is the EU's largest single supplier of natural gas, and 80 percent of its deliveries pass through Ukrainian territory. Three years ago, an almost identical row led to unexpected gas shortages across Western Europe.

2007年7月19日 星期四

diaspora

下文的 The Chinese Diaspora

數十年前唐君毅翻譯成"中華兒女 花果飄零" (記憶猶新 不見得可靠)



diaspora 
noun [U] FORMAL
the spreading of people from one original country to other countries

the Diaspora group noun [U]
the Jews living in different parts of the world outside Israel, or the various places outside Israel in which they live

(from Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary)

紐約大都會博物館今年9月將在該館中國書畫藝廊展出華裔文學大師林語堂（1895-1976年）家族捐贈的近代中國名家書畫。該批藝術珍品共43件，是林語堂及其次女、名作家林太乙的收藏。展出的書畫包括徐悲鴻、張大千、齊白石、趙少昂、于右任等近代名家作品。

林 太乙於2003年7月5日病逝後，其編譯家夫婿黎明開始考慮這些文物的處理問題。目前獨居於維州水晶城的黎明表示，他深恐自己照顧不力，而生長於西方的兒 女，對這些東西又毫無興趣，遂決定捐贈給博物館，不但為藝品找一個有專人保管的家，同時因有展出機會，讓更多的藝術愛好者欣賞。

這次大都會博物館（Metropolitan Museum of Art）特展主題「腳踏東西文化的華裔作家林語堂」（Bridging East and West：The Chinese Diaspora and Lin Yutang），展期自今年9月15日至2008年2月10日。展出期間除書畫展示和介紹，也舉辦配合特展主題的相關活動，並將林語堂生平及所展出文物編印成冊，供參觀者購買收藏。

紐約時報 2019.3.11每日一詞 ：Diaspora |故土在遠方：那些流散異鄉的人

數十年來，每次大島次郎想要見到他的兄弟姐妹，他都必須前往朝鮮。他是日據時期遷往日本的約32萬朝鮮族的一份子，他的父母和兄弟姐妹早已在1960年代返回朝鮮。在英語中，他被稱為Korean diaspora （朝鮮族僑民）。

Diaspora來自希臘語diasperien，其中前綴dia-表示跨越，sperien意為分散、散播。當這一詞語的首個字母d作大寫時，與猶太人的“大流亡”歷史有關。但如今，diaspora更常見的意思是那些離開他們祖先的故土很遙遠的人，或者這類人棲居的地方，又或是人們遠離既定或祖傳家園的行動、遷徙或分散。

當這個群體指向中國人時，Chinese diaspora是常見的表達，它被譯為“海外華裔”、“海外華人”。在文學中，diaspora literature（離散文學）也是被反復書寫的主題。已故作家余光中的《鄉愁》描述的就是許多海內外華人感受到的苦痛，以及對文化統一的渴望。

Diasporas and Domestic Entrepreneurs: Evidence from the Indian Software Industry

http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/5737.htmlNew working paper for download by HBS professors Ramana Nanda and Tarun Khanna. The Indian diaspora is estimated at over 18 million people spanning 130 countries. Given that formal institutions in India remain weak and hence the informal barriers to trade are higher, do diaspora networks serve as substitutes to the functioning of the local business environment? Do they help entrepreneurs to circumvent the barriers to trade arising from imperfect institutions?

flame (EMOTION)
noun [C] LITERARY
a powerful feeling:
Flames of passion swept through both of them.

flame
verb [I] LITERARY
1 If an emotion flames, you feel it suddenly and strongly:
Seeing the damage made hatred flame within her.

2 to suddenly become hot and red with emotion:
His face flamed (red) with anger.

flaming
adjective INFORMAL
a flaming row a very angry argument in which people shout at each other:
We had a flaming row over it last night.

row (ARGUMENT)
noun MAINLY UK
1 [C] a noisy argument or fight:
My parents often have rows, but my dad does most of the shouting.
What was a political row over government policy on Europe is fast becoming a diplomatic row between France and Britain.

2 [S] loud noise:
I can't concentrate because of the row the builders are making.

row
verb [I] MAINLY UK INFORMAL
to argue, especially loudly:
My parents are always rowing (about/over money).

contra[con・tra]

• 発音記号[kɑ'ntrə | kɔ'n-]

[名]((しばしばC-))コントラ：ニカラグアの反政府右派勢力（1981-1990）.Member of a counterrevolutionary force that sought to overthrow Nicaragua's left-wing Sandinista government. The original contras had been National Guardsmen during the regime of Anastasio Somoza (see Somoza family). The U.S. Central Intelligence Agency played a key role in training and funding the group, whose tactics were decried by the international human-rights community. In 1984 the U.S. Congress banned military aid to the contras; the efforts of the administration of U.S. president Ronald Reagan to circumvent the ban led to the Iran-Contra Affair. A general peace in the region was negotiated by Costa Rican president Oscar Arias Sánchez, and in 1990 Nicaraquan president Violeta Chamorro negotiated the contras' demobilization. See also Daniel Ortega.

contra-[con・tra-¹]

• 発音記号[kɑ'ntrə- | kɔ'n-]

「逆…」「抗…」「反…」.

erupt[e・rupt]

• レベル：大学入試程度
• 発音記号[irʌ'pt]
• 
  

[動](自)［I（[副]）］

1 〈溶岩・火山灰などが〉（…から）噴出する((from ...))；〈火山が〉噴火する；〈間欠泉が〉噴き上がる.

2 〈うっ積していた感情が〉ほとばしり出る；〈言葉などが〉（せきを切ったように）どっと出る；〈暴動などが〉勃発(ぼっぱつ)する

erupt in giggles
急にくすくす笑い出す

erupt into violence ［a riot］
急に暴力［暴動］に発展する.

3 〈発疹(はっしん)が〉（皮膚に）吹き出す, 〈皮膚が〉発疹する.

4 〈歯が〉生える.

━━(他)

1 〈うっ積していた感情などを〉どっと出す, ほとばしらせる.

2 〈溶岩・熱湯などを〉噴出する(eject).

［ラテン語ēruptus （ē-外へ＋rumpere壊す＋-tus過去分詞語尾＝壊し出された）］