jump, fishways, barrier, Barrier-free facilities, countdown, the finish line,

翻譯的輪迴
Barrier-free facilities譯成中文是 "無障礙設施"，再回譯就變成obstacle-free facilities了。
還有access-free facilities的用法，好像也是台灣翻譯。~~張華


Many people know about the four-minute mile. When Roger Bannister broke that barrier in 1954, he set a new standard for middle-distance runners. On this date in 1956, two other athletic barriers were overcome. Both events took place at the US Olympic Trials in Los Angeles: Glenn Davis broke the 50-second barrier in the 400-meter hurdles, coming in at 49.5 seconds; and later that day Charles Dumas became the first man to high jump 7 feet/2.13 meters.


fish ladder
Pool-and-weir fish ladder at Bonneville Dam on the Columbia RiverFishways, most commonly called fish ladders but also known as fish passes, are structures on or around artificial barriers (such as dams and weirs) to facilitate diadromous fishes' natural migration. Most fishways enable fish to pass around the barriers by swimming and leaping up a series of relatively low steps (hence the term ladder) into the waters on the other side. The velocity of water falling over the steps has to be great enough to attract the fish to the ladder, but it cannot be so great that it washes fish back downstream or exhausts them to the point of inability to continue their journey upriver.

The Economist

In the next 40 years, humans will need to produce more food than they did in the previous 10,000 put together. But with sprawling cities gobbling up arable land, agricultural productivity gains decreasing, and demand for biofuels increasing, supply is not keeping up with demand. Farmers, scientists and entrepreneurs are bursting with ideas. But they need money to make this jump http://econ.st/1KfqXH8

Countdown, the finish line,

• ASIA 200
• JULY 31, 2009

Reader Survey

Toyota Is First Across the Finish Line in Japan
But Victory for the Auto Maker Is Bittersweet, as It Overtakes GM to Become the World's No. 1 Auto Maker in a Time of Turbulence

Quote

"Doctors and scientists said that breaking the four-minute mile was impossible, that one would die in the attempt. Thus, when I got up from the track after collapsing at the finish line, I figured I was dead." — Roger Bannister

The Final Countdown
By Daniel Politi
Posted Monday, Nov. 3, 2008, at 6:00 AM ET Take a deep breath, we're almost there. As the candidates race toward the finish line, all the papers lead with the final hours of the Longest Presidential Race in History.

fishways日本直接翻譯為"魚道"......
Line breaks: jump

Pronunciation: /dʒʌmp /

Definition of jump in English:

VERB

1[NO OBJECT, USUALLY WITH ADVERBIAL OF DIRECTION] Push oneself off a surface and into the air by using the muscles in one’s legs and feet:the cat jumped off his laphe jumped twenty-five feet to the ground

1.1 [WITH OBJECT] Pass over (an obstacle or barrier) by jumping:

one of the deer tried to jump the ditch

1.2[WITH ADVERBIAL] (Of an athlete or horse) perform in a competition involving jumping over obstacles:his horse jumped well and won by five lengths

1.3(Especially of prices or figures) rise suddenly and by a large amount:pre-tax profits jumped from £51,000 to £1.03 million

1.4informal (Of a place) be full of lively activity:the bar is jumping on Fridays and Saturdays

1.5[WITH OBJECT] informal (Of driver or a vehicle) fail to stop at (a red traffic light):she jumped at least seven red lights

1.6[WITH OBJECT] Get on or off (a train or other vehicle) quickly, typically illegally or dangerously:he jumped a freight train on the German border

1.7[WITH OBJECT] North American Take summary possession of (a mining concession or other piece of land) after alleged abandonment or forfeiture by the former occupant:the same long story about the time somebody jumped his claim

2[NO OBJECT, USUALLY WITH ADVERBIAL] (Of a person) move suddenly and quickly in a specified way:Juliet jumped to her feetthey jumped back into the car and drove off

MORE EXAMPLE SENTENCES

2.1(Of a person) make a sudden involuntary movement in reaction to something that causes surprise or shock:an owl hooted nearby, making her jump

2.2Pass quickly or abruptly from one idea, subject, or state to another:the book jumps constantly from Brooklyn to Harlem

2.3[WITH OBJECT] Omit or skip over (part of something) and pass on to a further point or stage.

2.4(Of a machine or device) move or jerk suddenly and abruptly:the vibration can cause the needle to jump

2.5(Of a person) make a sudden, impulsive rush to do something:Gordon jumped to my defence

2.6Bridge Make a bid that is higher than necessary, in order to signal a strong hand:East jumped to four spades

2.7[WITH OBJECT] informal Attack (someone) suddenly and unexpectedly:he was jumped by seven men as he opened the front door of his home

3

North American vulgar slang Have sexual intercoursewith (someone).

4[WITH OBJECT] North American informal Start (a vehicle)using jump leads:I jumped his saloon from my car’s battery

NOUN

21An act of jumping from a surface by pushing upwards with one’s legs and feet:in making the short jump across the gully he lost his balance

  .1 An obstacle to be jumped, especially by a horse and rider in an equestrian competition:

the horse made a nonsense of the second jump

1.2An act of descending from an aircraft byparachute:she will make a sponsored jump at Thruxt on Airfielda parachute jump

1.3A sudden dramatic rise in amount, price, or value:a 51 per cent jump in annual profits

1.4A large or sudden transition or change:the jump from county to Test cricket

1.5Bridge A bid that is higher than necessary,signalling strength:a jump to four indicates support for responder’s suit

North American vulgar slang dated An act of sexual intercourse.

3A sudden involuntary movement caused by shock or surprise:I woke up with a jump

3.1 (the jumps) informal Extreme nervousness oranxiety:

you get the jumps—you feel like J. Edgar Hoover’s on your tail

Origin

early 16th century (in the sense 'be moved or thrown with a sudden jerk'): probably imitative of the sound of feet coming into contact with the ground.

barrier
n.

1. A structure, such as a fence, built to bar passage.
2. Something immaterial that obstructs or impedes: Intolerance is a barrier to understanding. See synonyms at obstacle.
3. Physiology. A membrane, tissue, or mechanism that blocks the passage of certain substances.
4. Ecology. A physical or biological factor that limits the migration, interbreeding, or free movement of individuals or populations.
5. A boundary or limit.
6. Something that separates or holds apart.
7. A movable gate that keeps racehorses in line before the start of a race.
8. The palisades or fences enclosing the lists of a medieval tournament. Often used in the plural.
9. Geology. An ice barrier.

[Middle English barrer, from Old French barriere, from Vulgar Latin *barrāria, from *barra, bar.]

━━ n. さく, 矢来; 防壁; （国境の）とりで; 障害, じゃま ((to)); 改札口.

1. （通行・出入りをはばむ）障害物（解説的語義）
   柵さく，防壁，（駐車場・競馬などの）ゲート，（駅の）改札口，（競技の）ハードル
2. 1a（自然の）障害（物），《地学》堡氷ほひょう（◇南極大陸の内陸氷）
3. 1b（…を）妨害［じゃま］するもの≪against≫
4. 2（進歩・意思疎通などを）はばむもの（解説的語義）
   （…の）妨げ，障壁，支障≪to，against≫，（…間の）壁≪between≫
   • the language barrier
   • 言語の障壁

   • a barrier to progress
   • 進歩をはばむもの

   • put [throw] a barrier between two men
   • ２人の仲に水をさす
5. 2a（数字上の）壁，超えがたい数字［記録］
   • break the 10-second barrier
   • １０秒の壁を破る

━━[動]他…を防壁で囲む（in，off）

語源

［原義は「棒による柵」］

barrier cream　（手につける）荒れ止めクリーム.
barrier reef　堡礁(ほしょう) ((サンゴ礁)).
barrier to entry　参入障壁.