arrange (MUSIC), ranger, elegiac insight, stay sane, savour the moment,

After a program including an arrangement of Liszt’s “Hungarian Rhapsody” and a crowd-pleasing encore of Édith Piaf’s “Hymne de l’Amour,” the musicians were as charmed by their livestock listeners as their human ones.

It's George Gershwin's birthday today! Watch Jenny Lin play Gershwin's "Embraceable You" (arr. by Earl Wild) in the WQXR Café.



Books of The Times
'Sleeping It Off in Rapid City'

By AUGUST KLEINZAHLER
Reviewed by DWIGHT GARNER

The poet August Kleinzahler writes with elegiac insight about life’s losers, the people he calls “strange rangers,” the addicted, insane or destitute.

• Excerpt

From The Times

October 22, 2008

Do five simple things a day to stay sane, say scientists

Mark Henderson, Science Editor

Simple activities such as gardening or mending a bicycle can protect mental health and help people to lead more fulfilled and productive lives, a panel of scientists has found.

A “five-a-day” programme of social and personal activities can improve mental wellbeing, much as eating fruit and vegetables enhances physical health, according to Foresight, the government think-tank. Its Mental Capital and Wellbeing report, which was compiled by more than 400 scientists, proposes a campaign modelled on the nutrition initiative, to encourage behaviour that will make people feel better about themselves.

People should try to connect with others, to be active, to take notice of their surroundings, to keep learning and to give to their neighbours and communities, the document says.

Its advice to “take notice” includes suggestions such as “catch sight of the beautiful” and “savour the moment, whether walking to work, eating lunch or talking to friends”. Examples of learning include mending a bike or trying to play a musical instrument.

Related Links

• Tips to stay sane are based on hard evidence

“A big question in mental wellbeing is what individuals can do,” Felicia Huppert, Professor of Psychology at the University of Cambridge, who led part of the project, said. “We found there are five categories of things that can make a profound difference to people’s wellbeing. Each has evidence behind it.” These actions are so simple that everyone should aim to do them daily, she said, just as they are encouraged to eat five portions of fruit and vegetables.

Critics of the recommendation said that the Government and health professionals ought not to be prescribing individual behaviour in this way. “The implication is that if you don’t do these banal things, you could get seriously mentally ill, and that trivialises serious mental illness. What is happiness, anyway? It’s so subjective,” Claire Fox, director of the Institute of Ideas, said.

Although the report has no immediate policy implications, ministers will pay attention to it because Foresight is headed by the Government’s chief scientist, Professor John Beddington.

The project investigated ways of improving the nation’s “mental capital”, which Professor Beddington likened to a bank account of the mind. “We need to ask what actions can add to that bank account, and what activities can erode that capital,” he said.

Among the other issues it highlights is a strong link between mental illness and debt. Half of people in Britain who are in debt have a mental disorder, compared with just 16 per cent of the general population.

Rachel Jenkins, of the Institute of Psychiatry in London, who led this section of the report, said: “We’ve known for a while there’s a link between mental health issues and low income, but what more recent research has shown is that that relationship is probably mostly accounted for by debt.”

The report advocates more flexible working, days after Lord Mandelson, the Business Secretary, announced a review of government plans to extend such arrangements.

Cary Cooper, Professor of Organisational Psychology and Health at the University of Lancaster, a co-ordinator of the report, said: “People who choose to work flexibly are more job-satisfied, healthier and more productive.”

Steps to happiness

Connect
Developing relationships with family, friends, colleagues and neighbours will enrich your life and bring you support

Be active
Sports, hobbies such as gardening or dancing, or just a daily stroll will make you feel good and maintain mobility and fitness

Be curious
Noting the beauty of everyday moments as well as the unusual and reflecting on them helps you to appreciate what matters to you

Learn
Fixing a bike, learning an instrument, cooking – the challenge and satisfaction brings fun and confidence

Give
Helping friends and strangers links your happiness to a wider community and is very rewarding

Source: Foresight report

arrange (MUSIC)
verb [T]
to change a piece of music so that it can be played in a different way, for example by a particular instrument:
Beethoven's fifth symphony has been arranged for the piano.

arrangement 

• "Arr." is an abbreviation for Arrangement that is commonly used in the credits on sheet music

noun [C]
a piece of music that has been changed so that it can be played in a different way, especially by a different instrument:
This new arrangement of the piece is for saxophone and piano.

arranger 
noun [C]
The famous jazz musician, Duke Ellington, was a composer, arranger and pianist.

ar・range・ment

━━ n. 整とん, 整理; 配置 (flower ～ment 生け花）; 配合, 分類; （pl.） 手配, 準備 ((for, with)); 取り決め, 打ち合わせ; 和解, 協定; 脚色, 編曲.
⇒arrange

elegy
noun [C]
a sad poem or song, especially remembering someone who has died or something in the past:
Gray's 'Elegy in a Country Churchyard' is a famous English poem.

elegiac
adjective LITERARY
relating to an elegy

ranger

(rān'jər)
n.

1. A wanderer; a rover.
2. A member of an armed troop employed in patrolling a specific region.
3. Ranger A member of a group of U.S. soldiers specially trained for making raids either on foot, in ground vehicles, or by airlift.
4. 1. A warden employed to maintain and protect a natural area, such as a forest or park.
   2. Chiefly British. The keeper of a royal forest or park.

━━ n. 歩き回る人; 騎馬パトロール隊員; 〔米〕 森林警備隊員; 〔英〕 御料林監視官; 〔米〕 （普通R-） 特別奇襲隊員; 〔英〕 ガールスカウト(Girl Guides)の最年長組の少女.
ranger oneself　（結婚などで）身を固める; 味方する ((with)).

-strong, Brit Awards, stockpiled

 The Biden administration said it will deploy additional supplies and support to India to help fight Covid -- but has yet to make a decision on whether to share the estimated 40 million AstraZeneca vaccine doses it has stockpiled

The UK's flagship music awards ceremony, the Brits, will go ahead with a 4,000-strong crowd, no social distancing and no masks next month, as part of a government trial that offers a peek at how large events can operate in a post-pandemic world.

EDITION.CNN.COM

No masks, no social distancing and a 4,000-strong crowd at next month's Brit Awards

-strong 更多、強、 

Eros, Thanatos, agape, Death Instinct (Thanatos), Rodin's tragic conception of life , a drama in which Thanatos and Eros play equal roles .

From Rodin to Giacometti: Sculpture and Literature in ...
https://books.google.com.tw › books

Keith Aspley, ‎Elizabeth Cowling, ‎Peter Sharratt · 2000 · ‎Literary CriticismSculpture is here , as elsewhere , given a central role in the drama of Eros and Thanatos . And that nexus lies at the heart of nearly all Apollinaire's writing . One of Apollinaire's last projects was a novel entitled L'Abbé Maricotte , for which he ...


Monet to Dalí: Impressionist and Modern Masterworks from the ...
https://books.google.com.tw › books

Cleveland Museum of Art, ‎William H. Robinson, ‎William H Robinson · 2007 · ‎ArtThe Inferno became a matrix for Rodin's tragic conception of life , a drama in which Thanatos and Eros play equal roles . Many of the groups he invented for the Gates were developed as separate sculptures ; the Thinker derives from a seated ...

Eros[E・ros]

• 発音記号[íərɑs, érɑs | íərɔs]
• 
  

[名]エロス.

1 《ギリシャ神話》愛の神：ローマ神話のCupidに相当.

2 ((時にe-))性愛；情欲；（善・美を追求する）本来の愛. ⇒AGAPE² 2

3 《精神医学》((集合的))
(1) 自己保存の本能(life instinct).
(2) リビドー(libido).

4 エロスの絵画［彫像］.

Thanatos[Than・a・tos]

• 発音記号[θǽnətɑ`s | -tɔ`s]

[名]《ギリシャ神話》タナトス：古代ギリシャで擬人化された死. ⇒MORS

(thăn'ə-tōs') 
n.

1. Death as a personification or as a philosophical notion.
2. Psychiatry. See death instinct (sense ).

[Greek.]

thanatotic than'a·tot'ic (-tŏt'ĭk) adj.

Death Instinct (Thanatos)

The death instinct or death drive is the force that makes living creatures strive for an inorganic state. It does not appear in isolation; its effect becomes apparent, in particular through the repetition compulsions, when a part of it is connected with Eros. Its tendency to return living creatures to the earlier inorganic state is a component of all the drives. In this combined form, its main impetus is toward dissolution, unbinding, and dissociation. In its pure form, silent within the psychic apparatus, it is subjugated by the libido to some extent and thus deflected to the outside world through the musculature in the drive for destruction and mastery or the will to power: this is sadism proper; the part that remains "inside" is primary erogenous masochism.
Having put forward, particularly in "Instincts and Their Vicissitudes" (1915c), a dualism in which the sexual drives conflict with the ego drives, in Beyond the Pleasure Principle (1920g), Freud introduced the concept of the death drive as a negative term in opposition to the life drive: "The opposition between the ego or death instincts and the sexual or life instincts would then cease to hold and the compulsion to repeat would no longer possess the importance we have ascribed to it" (p. 44).
The death instinct was Freud's attempt to explain this repetition compulsion that overrides the pleasure principle, whether in post-traumatic dreams, certain compulsive children's games (such as the "fort-da" game), or indeed in analysands' resistances to the treatment (the transference). He observed that "the aim of all life is death," "inanimate things existed before living ones" and that "everything living dies for internal reasons" (p. 38). Drawing on August Weismann's differentiation of soma from germ-plasma, Freud went on to draw "a sharp distinction between ego-instincts, which we equated with death instincts, and sexual instincts, which we equated with life instincts" (pp. 52-53). He thus continued to adhere to the dualistic concept of the drives: "even more definitely dualistic than before—now that we describe the opposition as being not between ego instincts and sexual instincts but between life instincts and death instincts" (p. 53).
Freud found support for his arguments in Fechner's stability principle: "The dominating tendency of mental life . . . is the effort the reduce, to keep constant or to remove internal tension due to stimuli . . . a tendency which finds expression in the pleasure principle; and our recognition of this fact is one of our strongest reasons for believing in the existence of death instincts" (p. 55-56).
In 1924, Freud drew a clear distinction between three principles: "The Nirvana principle [Barbara Low's term], belonging as it does to the death instinct, has undergone a modification in living organisms through which it has become the pleasure principle ... the pleasure principle represents the demands of the libido; and the modification of the latter principle, the reality principle, represents the influence of the external world" (1924c, p. 160). Although Freud recognized the speculative nature of his final drive theory, he continued to adhere to it throughout the rest of his work.
The source of the death drive lies in the cathexis of bodily zones that can generate afferent excitations for the psyche then; this certainly involves tension in the musculature determined by a biological urge. Its locus is in the id, then later under the influence of the ego, as well as in the superego, where it functions to restrict libidinization. In melancholia, "a pure culture of the death instinct" (1923b, p. 53) governs the superego, such that the ego can impel the subject towards death.
The energy of this urge is fairly resistant to shaping, diversion, or displacement and it manifests in subtle but powerful ways. The operation of this almost invisible energy has been described as a "work of the negative" (André Green). Its object is the implementing organ—the musculature—that enables the aim to be fulfilled. Paradoxically, the libido, subject to restraint by the destrudo (Edoardo Weiss's term), and leading to primary masochism and sadism, is the object of the death drive here. According to Freud's descriptions, its goal is dissociation, regression, or even dissolution. While leading organic life back to an inorganic state is the final stage, "the purpose of the death drive is to fulfil as far as is possible a disobjectalising function by means of unbinding" (Green, p. 85). It is therefore an entropic process in the strict sense.
After explaining the notion of the death instinct in Beyond the Pleasure Principle, Freud returned to it a number of times in his later works. He mentioned it in Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego (1921c) as the source of aggression and hostility between people and in "The Libido Theory" (1923a), and then developed the theory in The Ego and the Id (1923b), especially in the chapters on "the two classes of instincts" and "the dependent relationships of the ego." In this work, he connected his new drive theory with the structural theory that he had just expounded.
Then, following a dispute with Fritz Wittels, who jumped to a hasty conclusion concerning a connection between the death of Freud's daughter Sophie (January 1920) and the emergence of the concept of the death drive (a claim that is still being debated today—cf. Grubrich-Simitis), Freud returned to this concept in "The Economic Problem of Masochism" (1924c), in which he posited primary masochism both as evidence and as a vestige of the conjunction between the death drive and Eros. He thus elucidated the negative therapeutic reaction and the concept of unconscious guilt and indicated that "moral masochism becomes a classical piece of evidence for the existence of fusion of instinct. Its danger lies in the fact that it originates from the death instinct and corresponds to the part of that instinct which has escaped being turned outwards as an instinct of destruction" (p. 170).
In his short article on "Negation" (1925h), Freud explained: "Affirmation—as a substitute for uniting—belongs to Eros; negation—the successor to expulsion—belongs to the instinct of destruction" (p. 239). He returned to this subject in Civilization and Its Discontents (1930a [1929]), in his letter to Albert Einstein (1933b [1932]) and finally in the thirty-second of the New Introductory Lectures (1933a [1932]), in which he discussed anxiety in connection with the life of the drives.
For Melanie Klein, a firm advocate of the existence of the death drive, psychic conflict is never a conflict between the ego and the drives but always between the life drive and the death drive. Anxiety is the immediate response to the endopsychic perception of the death drive. For Jacques Lacan, the death drive as something beyond the pleasure principle forms the best starting-point for introducing his concept of the "Real," in connection with the Imaginary and the Symbolic. He links to this the lethal dimension inherent in desire and jouissance and makes the death drive "the necessary condition for the natural phenomenon of the instinct in entropy to be taken up at the level of the person, so that it may take on the value of an oriented instinct and is significant for the system insofar as the latter as a whole is situated in an ethical dimension" (1959-1960/1992, p. 204).
Toward the end of his life, Freud recognized that "the dualistic theory according to which an instinct of death or of destruction or aggression claims equal rights as a partner with Eros as manifested in the libido, has found little sympathy and has not really been accepted even among psychoanalysts" (1937, p. 244). Its detractors include authors such as Michel Fain (1971), who regard the concept of the death drive as the result of Freud's speculations on matters that could for the most part be explained without it—for example by the mechanism of "reversal into its opposite" (1915c, p. 126). Others have objected to the theory of the death drive either because this would mean that psychic conflict, the cornerstone of psychoanalysis, could no longer be the expression of lived experience alone, since the death drive is "evidently innate, intrapsychic from the outset, and not secondarily internalized" (Nacht), or because "this drive restricts the field in which conflicts can be elaborated both internally and externally; it introduces a fatalism into the gradual progression of the treatment and brings out the negative therapeutic reaction instead of a relational problem between analyst and analysand" (Nicolaidis). Yet others have taken more interest in Freud's methodology and are surprised at the "quality of a foreign body—within psychoanalytic theory—that characterizes the conflict between Eros and the death drive [which] emerges here from the use of dialectical procedures in which Freud is not well versed" (Denis).
By contrast, other authors, such as Melanie Klein, Jacques Lacan, and André Green, consider this concept of the death drive as further evidence of Freud's scientific rigor, as he demonstrates his willingness to rework his previous drive theory to take account of clinical facts and hypotheses that do not accord with it. Furthermore, studies based on the treatment of psychotic subjects, particularly by post-Kleinians, seem to have reinforced the theory of the prevalence of the death drive in the psychic apparatus of these patients, as something that constantly tears at the fabric of their representations and undermines their attempts to establish an apparatus for thinking thoughts (Wilfred Bion).

innate[in・nate]

• 発音記号[inéit]

[形]

1 〈能力・性質などが〉生まれながらの, 生来［生得］の

an innate talent for art
生まれつきの芸術の才能.

2 固有の, 本質的な.

3 （経験によらず）心に本来備わっている；《哲学》本有的な, 生得的な.

［ラテン語innātus（in-中に＋nātus生まれた＝生来の）. △NATAL, COGNATE, RENAISSANCE］

in・nate・ly

[副]

in・nate・ness

[名]

agape

  音節

a • ga • pe²

発音

ɑːgɑ'ːpei | ǽgəpi

[名]（複 -pae 〔-pai | -pì〕, 3で-pai 〔-pai | -pì〕）

1 神［キリスト］の人間に対する愛.

2 兄弟愛, 隣人愛, アガペー. ⇒EROS 2

3 ＝love feast 1.

［ギリシャ語agápē（愛）］

agape （ Gr. ）： (1) 聖餐；愛筵；主宴；聚會：指初期教會所舉行的社交及宗教聖餐，以紀念耶穌的最後晚餐。原字為希臘文。 (2) 靈性之愛：指天主對人之愛、信徒間的兄弟姊妹之愛。詳見 love 。

vicissitude

Pronunciation: /vɪˈsɪsɪtjuːd, vʌɪ-/

Definition of vicissitude

noun

• 1 (usually vicissitudes) a change of circumstances or fortune, typically one that is unwelcome or unpleasant:her husband’s sharp vicissitudes of fortune

• 2 [mass noun] literary alternation between opposite or contrasting things:the vicissitude of the seasons

Derivatives

vicissitudinous

Pronunciation: /-ˈtjuːdɪnəs/

adjective

Origin:

early 17th century (in the sense 'alternation'): from French, or from Latin vicissitudo, from vicissim 'by turns', from vic- 'turn, change'

horrendous, dodge, dishonest, terrified, zero-tolerance policy

These new fines mark the latest in a series of civil penalties sought by the FAA since the agency announced a “zero-tolerance” policy against disruptive air travelers.
Each of the latest incidents involved alcohol.





China is sending more than 1,000 ventilators to New York, the US epicentre.







SCMP.COM



Trump says the coming weeks will be ‘horrendous’ for US
The US president’s remarks came as the country’s cases surpassed 300,000
"The losses are truly horrendous.''









China's Richest People Just Lost About $100 Billion in a Month
The market seesaw is reshaping the global wealth landscape

BLOOMBERG.COM

Google Dodges Antitrust Hit in Search Probe

One unnamed provincial first party secretary is quoted, by Vogel, as saying that Deng’s view of democracy was like Lord Ye’s view of dragons. “Lord Ye loved looking at a book with pretty pictures of dragons but when a real dragon appeared, he was terrified.” This well-known story about a mythical figure from China’s distant past is customarily told to draw attention to the inconsistency between words and actions.

GM Seeks Cuts at Opel

GM is preparing to disclose "horrendous" fourth quarter losses at its European Opel/Vauxhall unit and is demanding deep cuts from labor unions there.

Are Creative People More Dishonest?
In a series of studies, Francesca Gino and Dan Ariely found that inherently creative people tend to cheat more than noncreative people. Furthermore, they showed that inducing creative behavior tends to induce unethical behavior. It's a sobering thought in a corporate culture that champions out-of-the-box thinking.



U.N. peacekeepers dodge discipline in sex-abuse charges

Six years after the U.N. implemented a zero-tolerance policy for sexual misconduct by its peacekeepers, it's still struggling to persuade member states to investigate and discipline accused soldiers.

"It was horrendous, absolutely gruesome, terrible," passenger Jim Ford told Australian radio. "The worst experience of my life." Passenger Nigel Court said he was terrified to watch people not wearing seat belts — including his wife — fly upward. "She crashed headfirst into the roof above us," he told a reporter. "People were screaming," said Henry Bishop of Oxford, England. A Sri Lankan couple said they were thrown to the ceiling when their seat belts failed. "We saw our own deaths," said Sam Samaratunga, who was traveling with his wife Rani to their son's wedding. "We decided to die together and embraced each other."

Frugal Traveler The Grand Tour

Dodging Witches and Wild Boar in Germany

By MATT GROSS

After 10 weeks of navigating Old Towns and inspecting fine restaurants, the Frugal Traveler escapes civilization for the deep forests of the Harz Mountains.

Some say the pub is in crisis. A few years ago, The Guardian reported that for the first time since the Norman Conquest fewer than half the villages of England have a pub. Chains of horrendous corporate-owned “vertical drinking establishments” — giant Identikit bars — threaten the real pubs, and the real pubs are mostly owned by equally horrendous “pubcos,” companies invented to dodge laws against brewing monopolies. Yet somehow real ale, championed by Camra (the Campaign for Real Ale), and real pubs do survive.



Details Emerge in Probe of UBS
UBS frequently teamed up with bankers in Liechtenstein to help clients dodge taxes, records show. Legal pressure on the Swiss bank increased as a former executive agreed to plead guilty to tax fraud and cooperate in the U.S. probe.



dodge
verb
1 [I or T] to avoid being hit by something by moving quickly to one side:
He dodged to avoid the hurtling bicycle.

2 [T] to avoid something unpleasant:
The minister dodged questions about his relationship with the actress.

dodge
noun [C] INFORMAL
a clever dishonest way of avoiding something:
They bought another car as a tax dodge (= a way to avoid paying tax).

dodgernoun [C]
a person who avoids doing what they should do:
a tax dodger (= someone who avoids paying tax).

dodge

発音

dɑ'dʒ | dɔ'dʒ

dodgeの変化形

dodges (複数形) • dodged (過去形) • dodged (過去分詞) • dodging (現在分詞) • dodges (三人称単数現在)

dodgeの慣用句

on the dodge, （全1件）

[動](自)

1 （人・打撃などを避けるために）すばやく身をかわす, 巧みに体をかわす.

2 ごまかす, 言いのがれる.

━━(他)

1 〈人・打撃などを〉すばやく身をかわして避ける, 策略でのがれる, 〈問題点・質問などを〉巧みにそらす, ごまかす；［III doing］〈…することを〉のがれる

dodge a reporter's question
記者の質問をはぐらかす

dodge making a full confession
白状しきらずに済ます.

2 《写真》〈印画の一部を〉おおい焼きする.

━━[名]

1 すばやく避けること

by a swift dodge to the left
左へすばやく身をかわして.

2 ((略式))巧妙な方策, ごまかし

a tax dodge
脱税.

3 ((略式))（…のための）考案, 工夫((for ...)).

4 ((米俗))仕事, 職業.

on the dodge

((英略式))不正をして, ごまかしをやって.



horrendous 
adjective
extremely unpleasant or bad:
a horrendous accident/tragedy/crime
horrendous suffering/damage
Conditions in the refugee camps were horrendous.
The firm made horrendous (= very big) losses last year.

horrendously 
adverb
horrendously expensive clothes

real ale, lager, lunch

espy, unprepossessing , pre-exist, beforehand, propaedeutic, heavenwards, highest rates of pre-existing health conditions

Native Americans’ life expectancy is 4.4 years below the American average and they have the highest rates of pre-existing health conditions

ECONOMIST.COM
Why is the Native American health care system failing?
Many feel the government-funded system is inadequate

The Elixir

BY GEORGE HERBERT 1593-1633

         Teach me, my God and King,

         In all things Thee to see,

And what I do in anything

         To do it as for Thee.

         Not rudely, as a beast,

         To run into an action;

But still to make Thee prepossest,

         And give it his perfection.

         A man that looks on glass,

         On it may stay his eye;

Or it he pleaseth, through it pass,

         And then the heav'n espy.

These rather gloomy tidings were much in my mind when I recently went to Exeter to deliver a lecture at the university. With time to spare beforehand, I paid a visit to the cathedral, which was, like so many of its kind, a combination of comforting familiarity and breathtaking surprise.


 There's a homely and attractive cathedral close, and a welcoming if slightly unprepossessing west front. But that's no preparation for the spectacular view which opens up once you go in: a high and heady vault running the whole length of the nave and the choir, constructed in the most elaborate Decorated style of the early 14th Century.

 It's a glorious vista, lifting the eye and the spirit heavenwards; and it's easy to see why the great architectural historian, Nikolaus Pevsner, included Exeter Cathedral as one of his twelve favourite English buildings



Fortunately, our story is set in 2014, and the Cratchits have health insurance. Not from their employer: Ebenezer Scrooge doesn’t do employee benefits. And just a few years earlier they wouldn’t have been able to buy insurance on their own because Tiny Tim has a pre-existing condition, and, anyway, the premiums would have been out of their reach.


it is not propaedeutic to looking at Modern arts

espy

Line breaks: espy

Pronunciation: /ɪˈspʌɪ 

  

, ɛ-/

VERB (espies, espying, espied)

[WITH OBJECT]• literary

• Catch sight of:she espied her daughter rounding the corner

  MORE EXAMPLE SENTENCES

  • ‘I want that,’ my sister Molly says, espying my purchase.
  • We espy the professor and his assistant in the distance and amble over to them.
  • Later, I am in a supermarket, and I espy a former teacher whom I did not like.
  • GET MORE EXAMPLES

Origin

Middle English: from Old French espier, ultimately of Germanic origin and related to Dutch spieden and German spähan. Compare with spy.

pro·pae·deu·tic (prō'pĭ-dū'tĭk, -dyū'-)
adj.
Providing introductory instruction.

n.
Preparatory instruction.

[From Greek propaideuein, to teach beforehand : pro-, before; see pro-² + paideuein, to teach (from pais, paid-, child; see pedo-²).]

pre·ex·ist or pre-ex·ist (prē'ĭg-zĭst')

v., -ist·ed, or -ist·ed, -ist·ing, or -ist·ing, -ists, or -ists. v.tr.
To exist before (something); precede: Dinosaurs preexisted humans.

v.intr.
To exist beforehand.

preexistence pre'ex·is'tence n.
preexistent pre'ex·is'tent adj.

heavenward[heav・en・ward]

• 発音記号[hévənwərd]

[副]((文))天に向かって.

━━[形]天に向かう.

beforehand[be・fore・hand]

• 発音記号[bifɔ'ːrhæ`nd]
• [副][形]((叙述))あらかじめ（の）, 前もって（の）, かねて（の）（⇔behindhand）；早計で

get a thing ready beforehand
あることをあらかじめ用意する.

be beforehand with ［in］ ...

…に前もって備える；…の先手を打つ, を出し抜く

We are beforehand in our preparations.
手回しよく準備をしている.

prepossessing

Line breaks: pre|pos¦sess|ing

Pronunciation: /priːpəˈzesɪŋ

  

/

ADJECTIVE

[OFTEN WITH NEGATIVE]

• Attractive or appealing in appearance:he was not a prepossessing sight
  

  MORE EXAMPLE SENTENCES
  

  • She was young, but attractive and quite prepossessing.
  • She is neither particularly prepossessing in her appearance nor outwardly warm, as even David admits remembering his first acquaintance with her.
  • Gap-toothed, bold in face, and of a ruddy complexion, the Wife was no longer prepossessing in appearance, if she ever had been.
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  SYNONYMS

Derivatives

prepossession

Pronunciation: /-ˈzɛʃ(ə)n/

NOUN

MORE EXAMPLE SENTENCES

• Subjective analysis always leads to flawed determination due to the inherent inability to view things apart from personal prejudices and dogmatic prepossessions.
• However I am well pleased to find that the truth will at length prevail when men have laid aside their prepossessions and prejudices.
• Such a prepossession serves to vitiate all of Freud's subsequent clinical presentations.

ùnpreposséssing[ùn・preposséssing]

[形]（外観が）魅力的でない, 感じのよくない, 好印象を与えない.

prèposséssing[prè・posséssing]

[形]((形式))よい印象を与える, 感じのよい.

prè・posséssing・ly

[副]

prè・posséssing・ness

[名]