wad, ingénue, naive, typecast as tightwads, shoot one's wad, being typecast and belittled.

The New Yorker Interview Rita Moreno Has Time Only for the Truth The actress, now eighty-nine, spent decades being typecast and belittled. In a new documentary, she tries to recover her story. By Michael Schulman

 

Early in "Noble Savages," the author describes his encounter with the Yanomamö who were aiming their bows at him: "Immense wads of green tobacco were stuck between their lower teeth and lips," he writes, "making them look even more hideous.


Ms. Richardson came to critical prominence in England in 1985 as Nina, Chekhov’s naïve and vulnerable ingénue in “The Seagull,” a role her mother had played to great acclaim in 1964. It was a road production, and when it reached London, Vanessa Redgrave joined the cast as the narcissistic actress Arkadina. The production became legendary, but working with her mother intimidated her.


 
When Germans talk about deep discounts, they sometimes use the phrase
'Scottish prices.' Now Scottish politicians say they're sick of being
typecast as tightwads and want the practice to end.

The DW-WORLD Article
http://newsletter.dw-world.de/re?l=ew2djtI44va89pI2

 tightwad
n. Slang
A miser.
n. - 吝嗇鬼
日本語 (Japanese)
n. - けちん坊, しみったれ


type·cast (tīp'kăst')
tr.v., -cast, -cast·ing, -casts.

1. To cast in an acting role akin or natural to one's own personality or fitted to one's physical appearance.
2. To assign (a performer) repeatedly to the same kind of part.

in·ge·nue (ăN'zhə-nū')

ingénue

also n.

1. A naive, innocent girl or young woman.
2. 1. The role of an ingénue in a dramatic production.
   2. An actress playing such a role.

[French, feminine of ingénu, guileless, from Latin ingenuus, ingenuous. See ingenuous.]

or na·ïf (nī-ēf', nä-)
adj.

1. Lacking worldly experience and understanding, especially:
   1. Simple and guileless; artless: a child with a naive charm.
   2. Unsuspecting or credulous: “Students, often bright but naive, bet—and lose—substantial sums of money on sporting events” (Tim Layden).
2. Showing or characterized by a lack of sophistication and critical judgment: “this extravagance of metaphors, with its naive bombast” (H.L. Mencken).
3. 1. Not previously subjected to experiments: testing naive mice.
   2. Not having previously taken or received a particular drug: persons naive to marijuana.

n.
One who is artless, credulous, or uncritical.

[French naïve, feminine of naïf, from Old French naif, natural, native, from Latin nātīvus, native, rustic, from nātus, past participle of nāscī, to be born.]

naively na·ive'ly adv.
naiveness na·ive'ness n.

SYNONYMS naive, simple, ingenuous, unsophisticated, natural, unaffected, guileless, artless. These adjectives mean free from guile, cunning, or sham. Naive sometimes connotes a credulity that impedes effective functioning in a practical world: “this naive simple creature, with his straightforward and friendly eyes so eager to believe appearances” (Arnold Bennett). Simple stresses absence of complexity, artifice, pretentiousness, or dissimulation: “Those of highest worth and breeding are most simple in manner and attire” (Francis Parkman). “Among simple people she had the reputation of being a prodigy of information” (Harriet Beecher Stowe). Ingenuous denotes childlike directness, simplicity, and innocence; it connotes an inability to mask one's feelings: an ingenuous admission of responsibility. Unsophisticated indicates absence of worldliness: the astonishment of unsophisticated tourists at the tall buildings. Natural stresses spontaneity that is the result of freedom from self-consciousness or inhibitions: “When Kavanagh was present, Alice was happy, but embarrassed; Cecelia, joyous and natural” (Henry Wadsworth Longfellow). Unaffected implies sincerity and lack of affectation: “With men he can be rational and unaffected, but when he has ladies to please, every feature works” (Jane Austen). Guileless signifies absence of insidious or treacherous cunning: a guileless, disarming look. Artless stresses absence of plan or purpose and suggests unconcern for or lack of awareness of the reaction produced in others: a child of artless grace and simple goodness.

再讀 Shorter OED 的naive。所謂「素人畫家」（naive paiter或naive painting）之說法，乃是20世紀中才開始用的。

它還舉醫學實驗中，受試者不知道其目的、服用物等，稱為naive之用法。其特殊用語選哲學上的naive realism，表示持此種想法者認為，世界之真象，也就在其承現的【這是憑記憶的翻譯】。

wad

   

音節

wad

発音

wɑ'd | wɔ'd

wadの変化形

wads (複数形) • wadded (過去形) • wadded (過去分詞) • wadding (現在分詞) • wads (三人称単数現在)

wadの慣用句

shoot one's wad, Spend all one's money.

[名]

1 （紙・綿・毛などの）小さな塊［玉］；詰め物［綿］, パッキング((of ...))；（口の中の）かみタバコ

a wad of gum
ガムの塊

stuff a wad of cotton in one's ears
耳に詰め綿で栓をする.

2 堅く丸めた物；（紙などの）束；((米略式))（札の）かなり大きな束((of ...))

a wad of newspapers ［cloth］
堅く丸めた新聞［布］

a wad of bills
((米))札束（＝((英))a sheaf of notes）.

3 ((〜s))((俗))大量, 多数（…の）；（特に）多額（の金）((of ...))

wads of butter ［books］
多くのバター［本］

make a good wad of dough
大金をもうける.

4 （銃器の）押さえ.

5 ((英俗))小形のロールパン, サンドイッチ.

shoot one's wad

((米俗))
(1) 有り金をはたく.
(2) 言うべきことをずばり言う.

━━[動]（〜・ded, 〜・ding）(他)

1 〈紙・毛などを〉丸める, 玉にする((up))；((米))〈物を〉堅く丸める((up))

wad up paper into a ball
紙を玉に丸める

wad up one's cap and stuff it in one's pocket
帽子を丸めてポケットに押し込む.

2 〈弾丸・火薬などを〉詰め物で押さえる.

3 …に（…を）詰める((with ...))

wad a report with meaningless details
報告書に意味のないことを詳しくならべたてる.

━━(自)小さく丸められる［丸めやすい］.