2013年6月6日 星期四

Doff your hat, don, drudgery, cot, malodorous and barbate, academia

As high school seniors don their caps and gowns, Harvard University Press presents two books packed with practical advice on how to succeed in college. What the Best College Students Do and Making the Most of College guide students through the challenges of academia so that they can truly master learning inside and outside of the classroom.


L.Carroll Cot in Great Ormond Street's Children Hospital

Entrepreneurs Get Big Break---on Screen


Television and film writers have long been wary of dramatizing the drudgery of the lives of tech engineers. But they are now turning their focus to them in a bid to find drama in Silicon Valley's latest gold rush.

cot[cot1]

  • レベル:社会人必須
  • 発音記号[kɑ't | kɔ't]
[名]
1 ((米))軽い携帯用ベッド, (特に枠にズックを張った)簡易ベッド(((英))camp bed).
2 ((英))(通例枠のついた)小児用ベッド(((米))crib).
3 《海事》つり床.

cot[cot2]

  • 発音記号[kɑ't | kɔ't]
[名]
1 ((詩))小さな家, 小屋.
2 (羊などの)小屋, おり.
3 指サック.
━━[動](他)〈羊を〉おりに入れる.

drudgery[drudg・er・y]

  • 発音記号[drʌ'dʒəri]
[名][U]いやな[退屈な, 骨のおれる]仕事, 苦役. 

Doff your hat


Meaning


Raise your hat in acknowledgement of or deference to another.

Origin

Doff one's capDoffing seems to be an activity that is limited to hats or caps; it isn't often that we hear the verb used in any other connection. That needn't be the case though, as becomes apparent when one realises the connection between 'doffing' and 'donning'. We can don hats and caps, but we can also also don clothes, shoes, even a persona or a set of ideas and, as doffing is the opposite of donning, anything that can be donned can later be doffed. The origins of these strange little words are simply 'do on' and 'do off'.
When the terms 'doff' and 'don' were first used there was no especial connection with headgear. The first usage of it that I can find in print is from Sir Thomas Malory's Le morte Darthur, circa 1470:
Doffe of thy clothes, And knele in thy kyrtylle. [A tunic or petticoat]
Shakespeare was fond of the word 'doff' and used it frequently, often in a figurative manner, which alludes both to the removal of clothes and of opinions. In King John, 1595, he has Constance say "Thou weare a Lyons hide! doff it for shame." and in The Taming of the Shrew, 1596 "Fie, doff this habit, shame to your estate". He also frequently used the alternative 'daff' and its past tense 'daft', as in the 1597 sonnet A Lover's Complaint: "There my white stole of chastity I daft."
The falling out of daily use of 'doff' isn't just because men no longer routinely wear hats - the usage appears to be geographically biased. Here in the North of England, caps are still doffed, whereas in Scotland the term was considered archaic even by the 18th century. Samuel Johnson defined 'doff' in A dictionary of the English language, 1755, as "to put off dress; to strip" but later dismissed it as "in all its senses obsolete, and scarcely used except by rustics". In America, gentlemen have always preferred to 'tip' their hats, that is, signal a salutation by a slight tug at the hat's rim, rather than to doff them, which involves a brief removal.
Doff one's hatIn the 16th to the 18th centuries in England, the donning and doffing of hats was governed by a code of etiquette and custom that it is hard for us now to appreciate. Every man of standing wore a hat, and the form of hat and the rules governing when it could be removed or for whom it should be raised in acknowledgement were bewilderingly complex. Hat doffing was an accompaniment to bowing and the depth of the bow determined how far the hat was lifted. In 1896, James Boyle, in an attempt to remove the drudgery of continually lifting his hat, registered a patent for a form of self-doffing device. When the wearer bowed to an acquaintance, the hat lifted itself, rotated once and lowered again. The hats didn't catch on. As Shakespeare might have put it - it was a daft idea.


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doff

(dôf, dŏf)
tr.v., doffed, doff·ing, doffs. To take off; remove: doff one's clothes. To tip or remove (one's hat) in salutation. To put aside; discard.[Middle English doffen, from don off, to do off : don, to do; see do1 + off, off; see off.]


don
(dŏn) pronunciation
n.
  1. Don (also dōn) (Abbr. D.) Used as a courtesy title before the name of a man in a Spanish-speaking area.
  2. Chiefly British.
    1. A head, tutor, or fellow at a college of Oxford or Cambridge.
    2. A college or university professor.
  3. The leader of an organized-crime family.
  4. Archaic. An important personage.
[Spanish dialectal and Italian, both from Latin dominus, lord.]

don2 (dŏn) pronunciation
tr.v., donned, don·ning, dons.
  1. To put on (clothing).
  2. To assume or take on: donned the air of the injured party.
[Middle English, contraction of do on, to put on. See do1.]

Definition of don

verb (dons, donning, donned)

[with object]
  • put on (an item of clothing):in the dressing room the players donned their football shirts

Origin:

late Middle English: contraction of do on. Compare with doff


 barbate
(adjective) Having hair on the cheeks and chin.
Synonyms:bearded, whiskered
音節
bar • bate
発音
bɑ'ːrbeit
[形]《動物》ひげのある(bearded);《植物》ひげ状の房のある, 長硬毛のある.
Usage:I returned from the camping trip malodorous and barbate, in desperate need of a shower and a shave.

malodorous


  音節
màl • ódorous
[形]((文))悪臭を放つ.



academia

Pronunciation: /ˌakəˈdiːmɪə/
Translate academia | into Italian
Definition of academia

noun

[mass noun]
  • the environment or community concerned with the pursuit of research, education, and scholarship:he spent his working life in academia

Origin:

1950s: from Latin (see academy)

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