2022年9月4日 星期日

monobrow, raise one's eyebrows, Ad Hominem=swift boating



“Most people when they turn 50 begin to look at forgetfulness with more seriousness,” said Dr. Gene Cohen, the director of the Center for Aging, Health and Humanities at George Washington University.
“When you misplace your keys when you’re 25, you don’t pay any attention to it,” he said. “But when you do the identical thing at 50 or older, you raise an eyebrow.”


Ad Hominem
[Latin, To the person.] A term used in debate to denote an argument made personally against an opponent, instead of against the opponent's argument.

ad hom·i·nem (hŏm'ə-nĕm', -nəmpronunciation
adj.
Appealing to personal considerations rather than to logic or reason: Debaters should avoid ad hominem arguments that question their opponents' motives.
[Latin : ad, to + hominem, accusative of homō, man.]

USAGE NOTE As the principal meaning of the preposition ad suggests, the homo of ad hominem was originally the person to whom an argument was addressed, not its subject.

The phrase denoted an argument designed to appeal to the listener's emotions rather than to reason, as in the sentence The Republicans' evocation of pity for the small farmer struggling to maintain his property is a purely ad hominem argument for reducing inheritance taxes.

This usage appears to be waning; only 37 percent of the Usage Panel finds this sentence acceptable.

The phrase now chiefly describes an argument based on the failings of an adversary rather than on the merits of the case: 
Ad hominem attacks on one's opponent are a tried-and-true strategy for people who have a case that is weak.

Ninety percent of the Panel finds this sentence acceptable.

The expression now also has a looser use in referring to any personal attack, whether or not it is part of an argument, as in It isn't in the best interests of the nation for the press to attack him in this personal, ad hominem way.
This use is acceptable to 65 percent of the Panel.

• Ad hominem has also recently acquired a use as a noun denoting personal attacks, as in “Notwithstanding all the ad hominem, Gingrich insists that he and Panetta can work together” (Washington Post).
This usage may raise some eyebrows, though it appears to be gaining ground in journalistic style.

• A modern coinage patterned on ad hominem is ad feminam, as in “Its treatment of Nabokov and its ad feminam attack on his wife Vera often border on character assassination” (Simon Karlinsky).

Though some would argue that this neologism is unnecessary because the Latin word homo refers to humans generically, rather than to the male sex, in some contexts ad feminam has a more specific meaning than ad hominem, being used to describe attacks on women as women or because they are women, as in “Their recourse … to ad feminam attacks evidences the chilly climate for women's leadership on campus” (Donna M. Riley).

Wikipedia article "Ad hominem".

人身攻擊的謬誤,通常簡稱作人身攻擊,是指在討論時針對或提出對方的人格、動機、態度、地位、階級或處境等,而進行攻擊或評論,並以此當作提出了理據去駁斥對方的論證或去支持自己的論點,此乃犯了人身攻擊謬誤。
哲學家李天命認為:「其實只要沒有將品格批判當做駁論的理據,那批判就沒有犯人身攻擊的謬誤。否則的話,父母責罵子女,法庭判辭批評罪犯的操行,便全都犯上人身攻擊的謬誤了。」[1]


monobrow
ˈmɒnə(ʊ)braʊ/
noun
informal
  1. a pair of eyebrows that meet above the nose, giving the appearance of a single eyebrow.

    "his wealth and cool outweigh his potato head and monobrow"

eyebrow Show phonetics
noun [C]
the line of short hairs above each eye in humans:
Do you pluck your eyebrows (= remove some of the hairs to change their shape)?
He's got really bushy (= thick) eyebrows.

 eye・brow


まゆ毛.
 raise one's eyebrows (驚き・疑いなどで)まゆを(つり)上げる, まゆをひそめる ((at)).
 up to the [one's] eyebrows 多忙で, 没頭して ((in)).
eyebrow pencil まゆずみ.

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