opponent, Ad Hominem, swift boating, China’s Covid Rebound Edges It Closer to Overtaking U.S. Economy

America faces the starkest threat to its economic dominance in decades. Here's an interactive look at the rivalry that's reshaping the world order.



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China’s Covid Rebound Edges It Closer to Overtaking U.S. Economy
China could overtake the U.S. by 2028. Here’s what could hold it back.

 



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The remise is a renewal of an attack in fencing. It is performed when one fencer's attack has failed, either because their opponent has parried or they missed. If the attacker immediately continues their attack in the same line, they have executed a remise. The name also is applied to repetitions of other actions which did not initially succeed (remise of the riposte, for example, is a riposte that initially missed but hit in a continuation). The remise is at the bottom of actions in taking priority.
The remise is important in sabre because of two elements: first, that an attack is over when the front foot lands in the lunge. (In theory all attacks end in a lunge or flèche, and the fleche is forbidden in sabre.) Therefore, if the attacker's front foot lands before their blade hits their opponent, their action is automatically a remise. Also, because any contact between a blade and the opponent's target area will set off the scoring apparatus, many fencers whose attack has failed will keep their arm extended or make a quick second cut to attempt to catch their opponent's arm during their riposte.

In foil, the remise gained some prominence after changes to the electronic scoring apparatus in 2004. The blocking time after registering a hit was reduced from 0.75 seconds to 0.25 seconds, so a fast remise can 'time out' a slow riposte. The contact time required to score a hit was also been increased to 15 milliseconds to make flick hits less likely to register. It has been observed that, after these changes, some straight hits are not registered by the apparatus. Thus, a pair of foil fencers may, upon finding their touchés have not landed, remain in lunge position and repeatedly remise hoping to be the first one to score a touch.
The remise also has a place as a stop hit, in which a defender (or in this case unsuccessful attacker) hits their opponent one period of "fencing time" before their opponent's attack or riposte arrives. The judgement of "fencing time" is extremely subjective and up to the referee.


Ad Hominem
[Latin, To the person.] A term used in debate to denote an argument made personally against an opponent, instead of against the opponent's argument.

ad hom·i·nem (hŏm'ə-nĕm', -nəm) 
adj.
Appealing to personal considerations rather than to logic or reason: Debaters should avoid ad hominem arguments that question their opponents' motives.

[Latin : ad, to + hominem, accusative of homō, man.]

USAGE NOTE As the principal meaning of the preposition ad suggests, the homo of ad hominem was originally the person to whom an argument was addressed, not its subject.

The phrase denoted an argument designed to appeal to the listener's emotions rather than to reason, as in the sentence The Republicans' evocation of pity for the small farmer struggling to maintain his property is a purely ad hominem⁰ argument for reducing inheritance taxes.

This usage appears to be waning; only 37 percent of the Usage Panel finds this sentence acceptable.

The phrase now chiefly describes an argument based on the failings of an adversary rather than on the merits of the case: 
Ad hominem attacks on one's opponent are a tried-and-true strategy for people who have a case that is weak.
Ninety percent of the Panel finds this sentence acceptable.


 opponent

（試合・討論などの）相手；〈…に対する〉敵対者，反対者〈of〉

He beat his opponent three sets to one. 彼は敵に3対1で勝った an opponent of hunting whales 捕鯨反対者 opponent 語源 Borrowed from Latin oppōnēns (“opposing”), present active participle of oppōnō (“I oppose”). 発音 IPA(key): /ɒpəʊnənt/ 名詞 opponent (複数形 opponents) One who opposes another; one who works or takes a position against someone or something; one who attempts to stop the progress of someone or something. The person who ran against her in the last election proved to be a formidable opponent. During the crackdown, many opponents of the regime were arrested. One who opposes another physically (in a fight, sport, game, または competition). 1720, Alexander Pope, The Iliad of Homer, London: Bernard Lintott, Volume 6, “Observations on the Twenty-Third Book,” no. 39, p. 136,[1] In the Chariot-Race Achilles is represented as being able to conquer every Opponent […] 1820, Walter Scott, Ivanhoe, Chapter 11,[2] […] he slid his right hand down to his left, and with the full swing of the weapon struck his opponent on the left side of the head, who instantly measured his length upon the green sward. 1958, Graham Greene, Our Man in Havana, New York: Pocket Books, 1974, Part 5, Chapter 5, p. 196,[3] […] it is possible for a good [draughts] player to defeat an opponent without capturing his pieces. One who opposes another in words (in a dispute, argument または controversy). 1777, Hannah More, Essays on Various Subjects, London: J. Wilkie and T. Cadell, “Thoughts on Conversation,” p. 54,[4] It is easier to confound than to convince an opponent; the former may be effected by a turn that has more happiness than truth in it. 1847, Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre, Chapter 4,[5] “What more have you to say?” she asked, rather in the tone in which a person might address an opponent of adult age than such as is ordinarily used to a child. One who is opposed or objects (to a policy, course of action または set of ideas). She was a dedicated opponent of the death penalty. 1652, Peter Heylin, Cosmographie, London: Henry Seile, Book 1, Part 20, p. 205,[6] Their Oath is to maintain the Romish-Catholick Religion, and persecute all Opponents to it. 1853, Elizabeth Gaskell, Cranford, Chapter 1,[7] My own friends had been among the bitterest opponents of any proposal to visit the Captain and his daughters, only twelve months before; and now he was even admitted in the tabooed hours before twelve. (historical) The participant who opens an academic debate by putting forward objections to a theological or philosophical thesis. 1551, Thomas Wilson, The Rule of Reason, conteinyng the Arte of Logique, London, “The maner of confutacion twoo waies considered,”[8] We make the argument appere slender, when we receiue it laughyngly, and declare by wordes, euen at the first, that it is nothyng to the purpose, and so abashe the opponent. 1587, Raphael Holinshed et al., The First and Second Volumes of Chronicles, London, “The Continvation of the chronicles of England from the yeare of our Lord 1576, to this present yeare 1586, &c.,” p. 1355,[9] […] diuinitie disputations, in all which those learned opponents, respondents, & moderators, quited themselues like themselues, sharplie and soundlie, besides all other solemne sermons & lectures. 1679, William Penn, An Address to Protestants, London, Part 2, p. 77,[10] […] by the many Disputes that rise from hence, Mens Wits were confounded with their matters, Truth was lost & Brotherhood destroyed: thus the Devil acted the Part both of Opponent and Defendant, and managed the Passions of both Parties to his End, which was DISCORD. 1700, John Sergeant, Transnatural Philosophy, London, Book 3, Chapter 1, p. 276,[11] […] this untoward Method allows him who is the Respondent, to prevaricate from his Duty, and turn Opponent: Which confounds those two Offices, and perverts all the Laws of Reasoning or Discoursing. 同意語 adversary antagonist 反意語 (one who opposes): supporter, proponent, advocate (person who opens an academic debate): respondent 形容詞 opponent (comparative more opponent, superlative most opponent) (obsolete) Opposing; adverse; antagonistic. 1647, Francis Bland, The Souldiers March to Salvation, York, p. 25,[12] […] we are to consider enemies as men opponent to peace and justice, and to these they are by warrs to be reduced; And no other ends in the pursuite of enemies by sword and hostile Acts are to be sought for […] 1726, Elijah Fenton (translator), The Odyssey of Homer, Translated from the Greek by Alexander Pope, London, 1760, Volume 4, Book 19, lines 524-525, p. 44,[13] Young Ithacus advanc’d, defies the foe, Poising his lifted lance in act to throw: The savage renders vain the wound decreed, And springs impetuous with opponent speed! 1792, Thomas Holcroft, Anna St. Ives, London: Shepperson and Reynolds, Volume 4, Letter 64, p. 53,[14] The reasons you have urged are indeed weighty: yet they have never made an impression so deep upon my mind, as not to take flight, and leave their opponent arguments in some sort the victors. 1828, Stephen Drew, Principles of Self-Knowledge, London: Longman, Volume 2, Section 23, p. 24,[15] Let it not be supposed, that by “catholic,” I mean to designate men who are lax in their principles, and alike indifferent to all religious systems. On the contrary, they are more earnestly attached to truth, and more opponent to sin than others […] (obsolete) Situated in front; opposite. 1728, James Thomson, Spring, London: A. Millar & G. Strahan, p. 33,[16] Her sympathizing Lover takes his Stand High on th’ opponent Bank […]