2014年7月31日 星期四

Saturn, Satan, mulla, Cedar Evolution, "broad river of people"

沙特隨筆 張靜二譯│Taipei: 志文│1980


生活·境遇:萨特言谈、随笔.
:平装18cm / 297页; 【出版项】:三联书店上海分店 / 1990.2,1996.6重印 ..
此書有抄襲張之翻譯之嫌。
不過妙的是改錯了,  將農神 Saturn 翻譯成 Satan。

"broad river of people"

The New York Times and LAT front breathtaking pictures of the "broad river of people" (NYT) that took to the streets yesterday and marched slowly from Revolution Square to Freedom Square. The Washington Post points out that there were reports of protests and clashes with police in other cities besides Tehran.


Cedar Evolution
In one of the year's most important elections, the Lebanese people voted Sunday and Iran's mullahs lost.

cedar

Line breaks: cedar
Pronunciation: /ˈsiːdə 
  
/

NOUN

Any of a number of conifers which typically yield fragrant, durable timber, in particular:
  • ● a large tree of the pine family (genus Cedrus, familyPinaceae), in particular the cedar of Lebanon (C. libani), with spreading branches, and the deodar. ● a tall slender North American or Asian tree (genusThuja, family Cupressaceae), in particular thewestern red cedar (T. plicata).

Origin

Old English, from Old French cedre or Latin cedrus, from Greek kedros.

Derivatives

cedarn

ADJECTIVE (LITERARY)


13 The glory of Lebanon shall come unto thee, the fir tree, the pine tree, and the box together, to beautify the place of my sanctuary; and I will make the place of my feet glorious.


http://www.catholic.org.tw/bible/


依撒意亞

Isaiah 共 66 章



黎巴嫩的光榮要歸於你;柏樹、榆樹和松樹都要聚在一起,裝飾我的聖所,因為我要光榮我立足之地。




mul·lah mul·la (mŭl'ə, mʊl'ə)
also n. Islam.
  1. A male religious teacher or leader.
  2. Used as a form of address for such a man.
[Urdu mullā, from Persian, from Arabic mawlā, master, friend, from waliya, to become near, be in charge.]
mullahism mul'lah·ism n.

cedar

Line breaks: cedar
Pronunciation: /ˈsiːdə 
  
/

NOUN

Any of a number of conifers which typically yield fragrant, durable timber, in particular:
  • ● a large tree of the pine family (genus Cedrus, familyPinaceae), in particular the cedar of Lebanon (C. libani), with spreading branches, and the deodar. ● a tall slender North American or Asian tree (genusThuja, family Cupressaceae), in particular thewestern red cedar (T. plicata).

Origin

Old English, from Old French cedre or Latin cedrus, from Greek kedros.

Derivatives

cedarn

ADJECTIVE (LITERARY)

Definition of ce



Saturn
n.
  1. Roman Mythology. The god of agriculture.
  2. The sixth planet from the sun and the second largest in the solar system, having a sidereal period of revolution about the sun of 29.5 years at a mean distance of about 1,426,000,000 kilometers (886,000,000 miles), a mean diameter of approximately 120,000 kilometers (74,000 miles), and a mass 95 times that of Earth.
[Middle English Saturnus, from Old English, from Latin Sāturnus, of Etruscan origin.]
Satan (Hebrew: הַשָׂטָן ha-Satan ("the accuser"); Persian "sheytân"; Arabic: الشيطان ash-Shayṭān ("the adversary") - both from the Semitic root: Ś--N) is an embodiment of antagonism that originates from the Abrahamic religions, being traditionally considered a "fallen" angel in Judeo-Christian belief, and a Jinn in Islamic belief. Originally, the term was used as a title for various entities that challenged the religious faith of humans in the Hebrew Bible.[citation needed] Since then, the Abrahamic religions have used "Satan" as a name for the Devil.[1]

evolution

Line breaks: evo|lu¦tion
Pronunciation: /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n 
  
, ˈɛv-/

NOUN

[MASS NOUN]
1The process by which different kinds of living organism are believed to have developed from earlier forms during the history of the earth.
The idea of organic evolution was proposed by some ancient Greek thinkers but was long rejected in Europe as contrary to the literal interpretation of the Bible. Lamarck proposed a theory that organisms became transformed by their efforts to respond to the demands of their environment. Lyell demonstrated that geological deposits were the cumulative product of slow processes over vast ages. This helped Darwin towards a theory of gradual evolution over a long period by the natural selection of those varieties of an organism slightly better adapted to the environment and hence more likely to produce descendants. Combined with the later discoveries of the cellular and molecular basis of genetics, Darwin’s theory of evolution has, with some modification, become the dominant unifying concept of modern biology
2The gradual development of something:the forms of written languages undergo constant evolution
3Chemistry The giving off of a gaseous product, or of heat:the evolution of oxygen occurs rapidly in this process
4[COUNT NOUN] A pattern of movements or manoeuvres:flocks of waders often perform aerial evolutions
5MathematicsDATED The extraction of a root from a given quantity.

Origin

early 17th century: from Latin evolutio(n-) 'unrolling', from the verb evolvere (see evolve). Early senses related to movement, first recorded in describing a ‘wheeling’ manoeuvre in the realignment of troops or ships. Current senses stem from a notion of ‘opening out’, giving rise to the sense 'development'.

Derivatives

evolutional

ADJECTIVE

evolutionally

ADVERB

evolutionarily

ADVERB
MORE EXAMPLE SENTENCES
  • This is, evolutionarily speaking, a maladaptive behavior.
  • Simple math shows how quickly an evolutionarily disadvantageous trait like this should dwindle, if it is a simple genetic phenomenon.
  • It's been proven that women with smaller waists and wider hips have a higher fertility rate, so evolutionarily speaking this trait of the male psyche makes perfect sense.

evolutionary

ADJECTIVE

evolutive

ADJECTIVE


2014年7月29日 星期二

lane, tingle, prickle, meridian, zenith, nadir,shipping lane, passing lane


  

Rustle, Tingle, Relax
Rustle, Tingle, Relax
Videos that evoke the tingling sensation of the “autonomous sensory meridian response” are popular on the Web, but scientists are only beginning to understand what might be involved.



With environmentguardian.co.uk The prospect of an ice-free Arctic by mid-century had set off a scramble for shipping lanes by Russia and China especially, and for access to oil and other resources.
Report by former military officers says prospect of ice-free Arctic has set off...
The Guardian|由 Suzanne Goldenberg 上傳

 

 

 

TV Where Taking It Too Far Is Never Far Enough

By NEIL GENZLINGER
Was 2012 a nadir for reality television? Can the offerings possibly get any worse? Has the genre become too ludicrous to parody?

New Barclays Boss Faces Capital Question 
Barclays's results highlighted the strategic dilemma new CEO Anthony Jenkins faces—and why investors who had chased up the shares by 65% since July's post-Libor-scandal nadir may have gotten ahead of themselves.



Daimler Chief Aims to Get Mercedes Into Passing Lane17









A passing lane is often colloquially referred to as a fast lane because it is often used for extended periods of time for through traffic or fast traffic. In theory, a passing lane should be used only for passing, thus allowing, even on a road with only two lanes in each direction, motorists to travel at their own pace.


tingle1

Line breaks: tin¦gle
Pronunciation: /ˈtɪŋg(ə)l 
  
/

VERB

Experience or cause to experience a slight prickling or stinging sensation:[NO OBJECT]: she was tingling with excitement[WITH OBJECT]: a standing ovation that tingled your spine

NOUN

Back to top  
A slight prickling or stinging sensation:a tingle of anticipation

Origin

late Middle English: perhaps a variant of tinkle. The original notion was perhaps 'ring in response to a loud noise', but the term was very early applied to the result of hearing something shocking.

prickle

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音節
prick • le
発音
príkl
prickleの変化形
prickles (複数形) • prickling (現在分詞) • prickles (三人称単数現在)
[名]
1 とがった先.
2 (動植物などの)とげ,いが(pricker).
3 ((the ~))ちくちく刺す感じ[痛み].
━━[動](他)
1 …をちくりと刺す,…を(突き棒で)軽く突く.
2 〈目などを〉ちくちくさせる.
━━(自)
1 〈皮膚などが〉ちくちく痛む.
2 (とげのように)まっすぐ立つ.

lane

Line breaks: lane
Pronunciation: /leɪn      noun
  • 2A division of a road marked off with painted lines and intended to separate single lines of traffic according to speed or direction: the car moved into the outside lane a bus lane
  • 2.1Each of a number of parallel strips of track or water for runners, rowers, or swimmers in a race: she went into the final in lane three
  • 2.2A route prescribed for or regularly followed by ships or aircraft: the shipping lanes of the South Atlantic
  • 2.3(In tenpin bowling) a long, narrow strip of floor down which the ball is bowled: a maximum of six people can play on a lane at any one time
  • 2.4 Biochemistry Each of a number of notional parallel strips in the gel of an electrophoresis plate, occupied by a single sample: DNA from various sources is placed in separate lanes on an electrophoretic gel
  • 2.5 Astronomy A dark streak or band which shows up against a bright background, especially in a spiral galaxy: the innermost dust lane is dense enough to absorb some infrared

Phrases



it's a long lane that has no turning

proverb Nothing goes on forever; change is inevitable.

Derivatives



laned

adjective
[in combination]: multi-laned motorways

Origin

Old English, related to Dutch laan; of unknown ultimate origin.

nadir[na・dir]


レベル:大学入試程度
発音記号[néidər | -diə]

[名]

1 ((the 〜))《天文》天底:天頂(zenith)の正反対の点.

2 ((the [one's] 〜))(不況・堕落などの)どん底

at the nadir of adversity
逆境のどん底に.

子午線meridian

 子午
注音一式 ㄗˇ ㄨˇ ㄒ|ㄢˋ
漢語拼音 z  w  xi 注音二式 t  w  shi
通過南北極端的假想線。子、午在中國各代表方位的正北與正南方,故稱為「子午線」。亦稱為「經線」。

子午线 zǐwǔxiàn:通过一颗行星或卫星自转轴的两极的大圆;地球表面上通过两极和某地的大圆。

meridian
n.
    1. An imaginary great circle on the earth's surface passing through the North and South geographic poles. All points on the same meridian have the same longitude.
    2. Either half of such a great circle from pole to pole.
  1. Astronomy. A great circle passing through the two poles of the celestial sphere and the zenith of a given observer.
  2. Mathematics.
    1. A curve on a surface of revolution, formed by the intersection of the surface with a plane containing the axis of revolution.
    2. A plane section of a surface of revolution containing the axis of revolution.
  3. Any of the longitudinal lines or pathways on the body along which the acupuncture points are distributed.
  4. Archaic.
    1. The highest point in the sky reached by the sun or another celestial body; a zenith.
    2. Noon.
  5. The highest point or stage of development; peak: "Men come to their meridian at various periods of their lives" (John Henry Newman).
  6. Midwestern U.S. See median strip. See Regional Note at neutral ground.
adj.
  1. Of or relating to a meridian; meridional.
  2. Of or at midday: the meridian hour.
  3. Of, relating to, or constituting the highest point, as of development or power: the empire in its meridian period.
[Middle English, from Old French, midday, from Latin merīdiānus, of midday, from merīdiēs, midday, from merīdiē, at midday, alteration of earlier *medīdiē, from *mediei diē : *mediei, dative (locative) of medius, middle + diē, dative of diēs, day.]

[名]
1
(1) 子午線;経線
the prime meridian
本初子午線.
(2) (天球の)子午線
the celestial meridian
天体子午線.
2 ((the 〜))((文))(繁栄・発展などの)絶頂, 頂点;最高潮, 全盛期
We have passed the meridian (of life).
(人生の)最盛期を過ぎてしまった.
━━[形]
1 子午線の, 経線の.
2 正午の, 真昼の
the meridian hour
正午.
3 最盛期の, 頂点の.
[ラテン語merīdiānus (medius真中の+dies日+-AN=日の真中の). mediusの-d-はdの繰り返しを避けて-r-に変わった. ⇒BELFRY

2014年7月28日 星期一

translation, translational research, Clinical Translation immunology , Translational Medicine

2014.7.28  讀


Broad Institute
MIT Broad Center.jpg
Established2004
Research typeBasic (non-clinical) and translational research
Field of research
GenomicsBioinformaticsBiomedicine
DirectorEric Lander


2010.5新竹生醫園區指導小組上週悄悄開會,行政院國家科學委員會副主委張文昌今晚接受中央社記者訪問時表示,會中通過衛生署所提,新竹生醫園區醫院名稱不變,但功能定位以支持園區臨床轉譯(translation)研究為主,兼具急重症醫療功能。 張文昌表示,會中也決議由衛生署整合署 ...
國立陽明大學臨床醫學研究所九十八學年度第一學期授課進度表. 科目名稱:臨床轉譯免疫學. ( Clinical Translation immunology )
Translational Medicine is an emerging view of medical practice and interventional epidemiology, as a natural 21st century progression from Evidence-Based Medicine. It integrates research inputs from the basic sciences, social sciences and political sciences to optimise both patient care and also preventive measures which may extend beyond the provision of healthcare

Translational Research is the underlying basis for Translational Medicine 'the process which leads from evidence based medicine to sustainable solutions for public health problems[1]. Fulfilling the promise of translational research for improving the health and longevity of the world's populations depends on developing broad-based teams of scientists and scholars who are able to focus their efforts to link basic scientific discoveries with the arena of clinical investigation, and translating the results of clinical trials into changes in clinical practice, informed by evidence from the social and political sciences.* It has three phases[1]:

clin·i·cal (klĭn'ĭ-kəl) pronunciation
adj.
  1. Of, relating to, or connected with a clinic.
  2. Involving or based on direct observation of the patient: a clinical diagnosis.
  3. Very objective and devoid of emotion; analytical: "He spoke in the clipped, clinical monotones typical of police testimony in court" (Connie Paige).
  4. Suggestive of a medical clinic; austere and antiseptic: a clinical style of decor.
clinically clin'i·cal·ly adv.



[名]
1 [U]翻訳,通訳;[C](…から;…への)訳書,訳文((from ...;into, to ...))
literal [mechanical] translation
直訳
free translation
意訳
an excellent translation
名訳
read Dante in translation
ダンテを翻訳で読む
make [do] a translation of his novel into Japanese
彼の小説を日本語に翻訳する
The poem does not bear translation.
その詩は訳せない
This book has undergone several translations.
この本は何回か翻訳されている.
[類語]
translation 異なる言語で言い換えること.
paraphrase ある文を同じ言語で別の表現にすること. また異なる言語の原典の模作を意味することもある:a paraphrase of a poem 詩の言い換え.
version 特に聖書の翻訳,また特定の書籍の訳本,作品の脚色:the Authorized Version (聖書の)欽(きん)定訳/Ninagawa's version of Macbeth 蜷川訳[演出]の『マクベス』.
2 [U][C]解釈,言い換え;((形式))転換,変形.
3 [U]((米))電信自動中継.
4 [U][C]教会(司教の)転任;(司教座・聖遺物の)移転;神学昇天.
5 [U]力学並進運動;数学平行移動.
6 [U]法律財産譲渡;遺産受取人変更.
7 遺伝翻訳:RNA情報に基づくアミノ酸合成.
trans・la・tion・al
[形] 


 translational research 的日文翻譯和解釋:

(臨床利用目指す探索的基礎研究)
トランスレーショナルリサーチ探索医療橋渡し研究  等等

http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/Translational+research



Translational research is engineering research that aims to make findings from basic science useful for practical applications that enhance human health and well-being. It is practiced in fields such as environmental and agricultural science, as well as the health, behavioral, and social sciences.[citation needed] For example, in medicine and nursing, it aims to "translate" findings in basic research into medical and nursing practice and meaningful health outcomes. Applying knowledge from basic science is a major stumbling block in science[citation needed], partially due to the compartmentalization within science.[1] Hence, translational research is seen as a key component to finding practical applications, especially within healthcare[citation needed]. Translational research is another term fortranslative research and translational science, although it fails to disambiguate itself from research that is not scientific (e.g., market research), which are considered outside its scope.[citation needed]
With its focus on multi-disciplinary collaboration, translational research has the potential to advance applied science[citation needed]. This has been attempted particularly in medicine with translational medicine, research that aims to move “from bench to bedside” or from laboratory experiments through clinical trials to point-of-care patient applications.[citation needed]