2014年7月31日 星期四

Saturn, Satan, mulla, Cedar Evolution, "broad river of people"

沙特隨筆 張靜二譯│Taipei: 志文│1980


生活·境遇:萨特言谈、随笔.
:平装18cm / 297页; 【出版项】:三联书店上海分店 / 1990.2,1996.6重印 ..
此書有抄襲張之翻譯之嫌。
不過妙的是改錯了,  將農神 Saturn 翻譯成 Satan。

"broad river of people"

The New York Times and LAT front breathtaking pictures of the "broad river of people" (NYT) that took to the streets yesterday and marched slowly from Revolution Square to Freedom Square. The Washington Post points out that there were reports of protests and clashes with police in other cities besides Tehran.


Cedar Evolution
In one of the year's most important elections, the Lebanese people voted Sunday and Iran's mullahs lost.

cedar

Line breaks: cedar
Pronunciation: /ˈsiːdə 
  
/

NOUN

Any of a number of conifers which typically yield fragrant, durable timber, in particular:
  • ● a large tree of the pine family (genus Cedrus, familyPinaceae), in particular the cedar of Lebanon (C. libani), with spreading branches, and the deodar. ● a tall slender North American or Asian tree (genusThuja, family Cupressaceae), in particular thewestern red cedar (T. plicata).

Origin

Old English, from Old French cedre or Latin cedrus, from Greek kedros.

Derivatives

cedarn

ADJECTIVE (LITERARY)


13 The glory of Lebanon shall come unto thee, the fir tree, the pine tree, and the box together, to beautify the place of my sanctuary; and I will make the place of my feet glorious.


http://www.catholic.org.tw/bible/


依撒意亞

Isaiah 共 66 章



黎巴嫩的光榮要歸於你;柏樹、榆樹和松樹都要聚在一起,裝飾我的聖所,因為我要光榮我立足之地。




mul·lah mul·la (mŭl'ə, mʊl'ə)
also n. Islam.
  1. A male religious teacher or leader.
  2. Used as a form of address for such a man.
[Urdu mullā, from Persian, from Arabic mawlā, master, friend, from waliya, to become near, be in charge.]
mullahism mul'lah·ism n.

cedar

Line breaks: cedar
Pronunciation: /ˈsiːdə 
  
/

NOUN

Any of a number of conifers which typically yield fragrant, durable timber, in particular:
  • ● a large tree of the pine family (genus Cedrus, familyPinaceae), in particular the cedar of Lebanon (C. libani), with spreading branches, and the deodar. ● a tall slender North American or Asian tree (genusThuja, family Cupressaceae), in particular thewestern red cedar (T. plicata).

Origin

Old English, from Old French cedre or Latin cedrus, from Greek kedros.

Derivatives

cedarn

ADJECTIVE (LITERARY)

Definition of ce



Saturn
n.
  1. Roman Mythology. The god of agriculture.
  2. The sixth planet from the sun and the second largest in the solar system, having a sidereal period of revolution about the sun of 29.5 years at a mean distance of about 1,426,000,000 kilometers (886,000,000 miles), a mean diameter of approximately 120,000 kilometers (74,000 miles), and a mass 95 times that of Earth.
[Middle English Saturnus, from Old English, from Latin Sāturnus, of Etruscan origin.]
Satan (Hebrew: הַשָׂטָן ha-Satan ("the accuser"); Persian "sheytân"; Arabic: الشيطان ash-Shayṭān ("the adversary") - both from the Semitic root: Ś--N) is an embodiment of antagonism that originates from the Abrahamic religions, being traditionally considered a "fallen" angel in Judeo-Christian belief, and a Jinn in Islamic belief. Originally, the term was used as a title for various entities that challenged the religious faith of humans in the Hebrew Bible.[citation needed] Since then, the Abrahamic religions have used "Satan" as a name for the Devil.[1]

evolution

Line breaks: evo|lu¦tion
Pronunciation: /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n 
  
, ˈɛv-/

NOUN

[MASS NOUN]
1The process by which different kinds of living organism are believed to have developed from earlier forms during the history of the earth.
The idea of organic evolution was proposed by some ancient Greek thinkers but was long rejected in Europe as contrary to the literal interpretation of the Bible. Lamarck proposed a theory that organisms became transformed by their efforts to respond to the demands of their environment. Lyell demonstrated that geological deposits were the cumulative product of slow processes over vast ages. This helped Darwin towards a theory of gradual evolution over a long period by the natural selection of those varieties of an organism slightly better adapted to the environment and hence more likely to produce descendants. Combined with the later discoveries of the cellular and molecular basis of genetics, Darwin’s theory of evolution has, with some modification, become the dominant unifying concept of modern biology
2The gradual development of something:the forms of written languages undergo constant evolution
3Chemistry The giving off of a gaseous product, or of heat:the evolution of oxygen occurs rapidly in this process
4[COUNT NOUN] A pattern of movements or manoeuvres:flocks of waders often perform aerial evolutions
5MathematicsDATED The extraction of a root from a given quantity.

Origin

early 17th century: from Latin evolutio(n-) 'unrolling', from the verb evolvere (see evolve). Early senses related to movement, first recorded in describing a ‘wheeling’ manoeuvre in the realignment of troops or ships. Current senses stem from a notion of ‘opening out’, giving rise to the sense 'development'.

Derivatives

evolutional

ADJECTIVE

evolutionally

ADVERB

evolutionarily

ADVERB
MORE EXAMPLE SENTENCES
  • This is, evolutionarily speaking, a maladaptive behavior.
  • Simple math shows how quickly an evolutionarily disadvantageous trait like this should dwindle, if it is a simple genetic phenomenon.
  • It's been proven that women with smaller waists and wider hips have a higher fertility rate, so evolutionarily speaking this trait of the male psyche makes perfect sense.

evolutionary

ADJECTIVE

evolutive

ADJECTIVE


2014年7月28日 星期一

translation, translational research, Clinical Translation immunology , Translational Medicine

2014.7.28  讀


Broad Institute
MIT Broad Center.jpg
Established2004
Research typeBasic (non-clinical) and translational research
Field of research
GenomicsBioinformaticsBiomedicine
DirectorEric Lander


2010.5新竹生醫園區指導小組上週悄悄開會,行政院國家科學委員會副主委張文昌今晚接受中央社記者訪問時表示,會中通過衛生署所提,新竹生醫園區醫院名稱不變,但功能定位以支持園區臨床轉譯(translation)研究為主,兼具急重症醫療功能。 張文昌表示,會中也決議由衛生署整合署 ...
國立陽明大學臨床醫學研究所九十八學年度第一學期授課進度表. 科目名稱:臨床轉譯免疫學. ( Clinical Translation immunology )
Translational Medicine is an emerging view of medical practice and interventional epidemiology, as a natural 21st century progression from Evidence-Based Medicine. It integrates research inputs from the basic sciences, social sciences and political sciences to optimise both patient care and also preventive measures which may extend beyond the provision of healthcare

Translational Research is the underlying basis for Translational Medicine 'the process which leads from evidence based medicine to sustainable solutions for public health problems[1]. Fulfilling the promise of translational research for improving the health and longevity of the world's populations depends on developing broad-based teams of scientists and scholars who are able to focus their efforts to link basic scientific discoveries with the arena of clinical investigation, and translating the results of clinical trials into changes in clinical practice, informed by evidence from the social and political sciences.* It has three phases[1]:

clin·i·cal (klĭn'ĭ-kəl) pronunciation
adj.
  1. Of, relating to, or connected with a clinic.
  2. Involving or based on direct observation of the patient: a clinical diagnosis.
  3. Very objective and devoid of emotion; analytical: "He spoke in the clipped, clinical monotones typical of police testimony in court" (Connie Paige).
  4. Suggestive of a medical clinic; austere and antiseptic: a clinical style of decor.
clinically clin'i·cal·ly adv.



[名]
1 [U]翻訳,通訳;[C](…から;…への)訳書,訳文((from ...;into, to ...))
literal [mechanical] translation
直訳
free translation
意訳
an excellent translation
名訳
read Dante in translation
ダンテを翻訳で読む
make [do] a translation of his novel into Japanese
彼の小説を日本語に翻訳する
The poem does not bear translation.
その詩は訳せない
This book has undergone several translations.
この本は何回か翻訳されている.
[類語]
translation 異なる言語で言い換えること.
paraphrase ある文を同じ言語で別の表現にすること. また異なる言語の原典の模作を意味することもある:a paraphrase of a poem 詩の言い換え.
version 特に聖書の翻訳,また特定の書籍の訳本,作品の脚色:the Authorized Version (聖書の)欽(きん)定訳/Ninagawa's version of Macbeth 蜷川訳[演出]の『マクベス』.
2 [U][C]解釈,言い換え;((形式))転換,変形.
3 [U]((米))電信自動中継.
4 [U][C]教会(司教の)転任;(司教座・聖遺物の)移転;神学昇天.
5 [U]力学並進運動;数学平行移動.
6 [U]法律財産譲渡;遺産受取人変更.
7 遺伝翻訳:RNA情報に基づくアミノ酸合成.
trans・la・tion・al
[形] 


 translational research 的日文翻譯和解釋:

(臨床利用目指す探索的基礎研究)
トランスレーショナルリサーチ探索医療橋渡し研究  等等

http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/Translational+research



Translational research is engineering research that aims to make findings from basic science useful for practical applications that enhance human health and well-being. It is practiced in fields such as environmental and agricultural science, as well as the health, behavioral, and social sciences.[citation needed] For example, in medicine and nursing, it aims to "translate" findings in basic research into medical and nursing practice and meaningful health outcomes. Applying knowledge from basic science is a major stumbling block in science[citation needed], partially due to the compartmentalization within science.[1] Hence, translational research is seen as a key component to finding practical applications, especially within healthcare[citation needed]. Translational research is another term fortranslative research and translational science, although it fails to disambiguate itself from research that is not scientific (e.g., market research), which are considered outside its scope.[citation needed]
With its focus on multi-disciplinary collaboration, translational research has the potential to advance applied science[citation needed]. This has been attempted particularly in medicine with translational medicine, research that aims to move “from bench to bedside” or from laboratory experiments through clinical trials to point-of-care patient applications.[citation needed]

2014年7月27日 星期日

strumpet:"Deridada" ,dada, hobby horse, have a bee in one's bonnet


Campaign Spotlight
Marketer Has New 'Bee' in Its Bonnet: Frozen Meals
By STUART ELLIOTT
A campaign for Bumble Bee SuperFresh has a budget estimated at $25 million, a significant investment for a company that had no measured ad spending in major media last year.
The creative approach for Bumble Bee SuperFresh is in the vein known on Madison Avenue by the phrase
The creative approach for Bumble Bee SuperFresh is in the vein known on Madison Avenue by the phrase "product as hero."


"Derrida"

Jacques Derrida

dada

n.
A European artistic and literary movement (1916–1923) that flouted conventional aesthetic and cultural values by producing works marked by nonsense, travesty, and incongruity.
[French dada, hobbyhorse, Dada, of baby-talk origin.]
Dadaism Da'da·ism n.
Dadaist Da'da·ist adj. & n.
Dadaistic Da'da·is'tic adj.

Hobby-horse

Meaning
A favourite topic that one frequently refers to or dwells on; a fixation.
Origin
The first things that were referred to as hobbies were in fact horses, of a breed that was popular in Ireland in the Middle Ages and is now extinct. The Scottish poet John Barbour referred to them as hobynis, in the narrative poem The Bruce, 1375. In Reliquiae Antiquae, a poetic work of Barbour's from around 1400 and republished in 1841, he referred to them again, this time with a little more context:
And one amang, an Iyrysch man,
Uppone his hoby swyftly ran,
Hobby horseEnglish mummers, morris dance teams and minstrel groups began performing with characters (often children) dressed in wickerwork and cloth costumes, made to look like stylised horses - not altogether unlike the present-day pantomime horses. These 'hobby-horses', which took their name from the Irish breed, are still to be seen as part of the English folk tradition, notably at the annual 'Obby 'Oss festival, celebrated each May Day in Padstow, Cornwall. This custom dates back to at least the 16th century, when a payment for a performance by a hobby-horse was recorded in the Churchwarden's Accounts of St. Mary's Church, Reading, 1557:
Item, payed to the Mynstrels and the Hobby~horse on May Day, 3s.
As time went by, the name hobby-horse was given to numerous other things. For example,
A loose woman or strumpet:
William Shakespeare, Loves Labour's Lost, 1588 - "Cal'st thou my love Hobbi-horse?"
Hobby-horseA child's nursery toy:
George Puttenham, The Arte of English Poesie, 1589 - "King Agesilaus, hauing a great sort of little children... tooke a little hobby horse of wood and bestrid it to keepe them in play."
A dance, similar to the stage antics of the mummers' horses:
Richard Lassels, The Voyage of Italy, circa 1668 - "Women like those that danced anciently the Hobby-horse in Country Mummings."
A favourite pursuit or pastime - later shortened of course just to hobby:
Sir Matthew Hale, Contemplations Moral and Divine, 1676 - "Almost every person hath some hobby horse or other wherein he prides himself."
Hobby-horseA wooden horse fixed on a ‘merry-go-round’:
Gray's Letters and Poems, 1741 - "A Fair here is not a place where one eats gingerbread or rides upon hobby-horses."
Hobby-horseA velocipede, on which the rider proceeded by pushing the ground with each foot alternately; also called a 'Dandy-horse':
The Gentleman's Magazine, February 1819 - "A machine denominated the Pedestrian Hobby-horse... has been introduced into this country by a tradesman in Long Acre."
It is the 'favourite pastime' version of the name, what we now call simply 'a hobby', that was adopted as a figurative expression meaning 'a fixation; a thing one keeps coming back to', i.e. similar to having a bee in one's bonnet.
So, a hobby is really a hobby-horse. If by any chance you occupy your spare time studying 13th century Irish livestock, your hobby-horse might just be a Hobby horse.

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strumpet

Line breaks: strum|pet
Pronunciation: /ˈstrʌmpɪt
  
/


NOUN

ARCHAIC or HUMOROUS
A female prostitute or a promiscuous woman.

Origin

Middle English: of unknown origin.

hobby


 
音節
hob • by1
発音
hɑ'bi | hɔ'bi
レベル
大学入試程度
hobbyの変化形
hobbies (複数形)
hobbyの慣用句
ride a hobby, hobbyist, (全2件)
[名](複 -bies)
1 趣味, 道楽
One of my hobbies is making model airplanes.
模型飛行機づくりが趣味です.
2 (子供が遊ぶ)棒馬(hobby horse).
3 ((古))小馬.
ride a [one's] hobby
自分の得意な考え[物事]にこだわりすぎる, はた迷惑なほどおはこを出す.
[中英語hobyn. 愛好する馬のRobinまたはRobertという名前から. -yは愛称]
hob・by・ist
[名]道楽者.
hob・by・less
[形]



have a bee in one's bonnet

informal be preoccupied or obsessed about something, especially a scheme or plan of action.