Been gay, ther, pal, homosexual, comradeship,esprít de córps

Chinese dictionary refuses to turn "comrades" gay
CNN
Hong Kong (CNN) -- A newly published edition of an authoritative Chinese dictionary has come under fire for leaving out the homosexual definition of a word commonly used to refer to gay men and lesbians. The word "tongzhi" traditionally means "comrade" ...


homosexual
契弟


pal

(păl) Informal.
n.
A friend; a chum.

intr.v., palled, pal·ling, pals.
To associate as friends or chums. Often used with around.

[Romany phral, phal, from Sanskrit bhrātā, bhrātr-, brother.]

WORD HISTORY Pal, like buddy and chum, has an informal, thoroughly "American" ring to it. Its source, though, is rather unusual-Romany, the Indic language of the Gypsies. First recorded in English in the 17th century, pal was borrowed from a Romany word meaning "brother, comrade," which occurs as phal in the Romany spoken in England and phral in the Romany spoken in Europe. Gypsies speak an Indic language because they originally migrated to Europe from the border region between Iran and India. In other Indic languages we find related words meaning "brother," such as Hindustani bhāi and Prakrit bhāda or bhāyā; they all come from Sanskrit bhrātā, which in turn traces its ancestry to the same Indo-European word that our word brother does.

林語堂漢英網路

10. 集體 [ji2ti3], adj., done by many people, collective: 集體創作 work done by many participants; 集體精神 荥prit de corps; 集體領導 collective leadership; 集體農場 collective farm; 集體安全 collective security.

"集體精神"可能是很早的用法

esprít de córps[esprít de córps]

(də kôr')
n.
A common spirit of comradeship, enthusiasm, and devotion to a cause among the members of a group. See synonyms at morale.

[French : esprit, spirit + de, of + corps, group, body.]

[U]団体精神, 団結心. ▼軍隊精神や愛校［愛社］心などをもいう.

［フランス語］