ditto, caper, duplicate, triplicate, stump, stump sth up。樹冠羞避（Crown shyness）是樹冠互不碰觸，形成隔離。

樹冠羞避（Crown shyness）是樹冠互不碰觸，形成隔離。 這種現象普遍發生在同一樹種，但是也會在不同種樹間發生。

 What the 140 gram patty (pictured above) lacked in heft it made up for in price. At more than €250,000 ($330,000)—stumped up in part by Google's co-founder, Sergey Brin—it must rank among the most expensive dishes in history.

Qualities you need to be a novelist: Ditto



The April robbery at the Cartier store in Chevy Chase, Md., was brazen and quick. After grabbing 13 watches valued at $131,000, the suspects fled in a waiting car and melted into traffic. It was one of more than a dozen similar capers that had stumped police and the Federal Bureau of Investigation.


This Year, Gift Ideas in Triplicate
By DAVID POGUE


Let's devote one column to three big touch-screen products: the Barnes & Noble Nook HD, the iPad Mini and Windows Phone 8.




Ditto for teaching styles, researchers say. Some excellent instructors caper in front of the blackboard like summer-theater Falstaffs; others are reserved to the point of shyness. “We have yet to identify the common threads between teachers who create a constructive learning atmosphere,” said Daniel T. Willingham, a psychologist at the University of Virginia and author of the book “Why Don’t Students Like School?”


So how do they get back to their roots?
That, admits Masuda, has him stumped.
"If I knew that, I'd be a company president."

Editorial: Mr. Romney Stumps in Israel

The Republican presidential candidate delivered a lot of bellicose rhetoric to please right-wing Israelis and the deep-pocketed donors traveling with him. 

On Stump, a Chastened Obama Takes Sharper Tone
By MARK LEIBOVICH 39 minutes ago
President Obama, sounding more subdued than he did in his own campaign in 2008, spent four days on the road trying to help fellow Democrats.



ditto

n., pl., -tos.

1. The same as stated above or before.
2. A duplicate; a copy.
3. A pair of small marks ( ″ ) used to indicated that the word, phrase, or figure given above is to be repeated.

adv.
As before.

tr.v., -toed, -to·ing, -tos.
To duplicate (a document, for example).

[Italian dialectal, past participle of Italian dire, to say, from Latin dīcere.]

WORD HISTORY Ditto, which at first glance seems a handy and insignificant sort of word, actually has a Roman past, for it comes from dictus, "having been said," the past participle of the verb dīcere, "to say." In Italian dīcere became dire and dictus became detto, or in the Tuscan dialect ditto. Italian detto or ditto meant what said does in English, as in the locution "the said story." Thus the word could be used in certain constructions to mean "the same as what has been said"; for example, having given the date December 22, one could use 26 detto or ditto for 26 December. The first recorded use of ditto in English occurs in such a construction in 1625. The sense "copy" is an English development, first recorded in 1818. Ditto has even become a trademark for a duplicating machine.

caper 1

Pronunciation: /ˈkeɪpə/

Definition of caper

verb

[no object, with adverbial of direction]

• skip or dance about in a lively or playful way:children were capering about the room

noun

• 1a playful skipping movement:she did a little caper or dance

• 2 informal an illicit or ridiculous activity or escapade:I’m too old for this kind of caper
• a light-hearted, far-fetched film, especially about crime:a cop caper about intergalactic drug dealers

Phrases

cut a caper

make a playful skipping movement: he cut a little caper as he walked along the corridor

Derivatives

caperer

noun

Origin:

late 16th century: abbreviation of capriole


 stump

verb

[with object]

• 1 informal (of a question or problem) be too hard for; baffle:education chiefs were stumped by some of the exam questions
• (be stumped) be at a loss; not know what to do or say:detectives are stumped for a reason for the attack

• 2 [no object, with adverbial of direction] walk stiffly and noisily:he stumped away on short thick legs

• 3 Cricket (of a wicketkeeper) dismiss (a batsman) by dislodging the bails with the ball while the batsman is out of the crease but not running.

• 4 North American travel around (a district) making political speeches:there is no chance that he will be well enough to stump the country

5 Art use a stump on (a drawing, line, etc.).

stump something up

British informal pay a sum of money:a buyer would have to stump up at least £8.5 million for the site

 

duplicate[du・pli・cate]

[名] 〔djúplikt | djú-〕

1 副本；写し, 控え, 複写, 複製（物）, （写真の）デュープ；合いかぎ.

2 （一般に他と）まったく同じもの, そっくりのもの

Your jacket's a duplicate of mine.
君の上衣はぼくのと同じだ.

3 同義語.

4 《トランプ》デュプリケート：各組が同じ手札でプレーする.

in duplicate

正副2通に.

━━[形] 〔djúplikt | djú-〕

1 対の；重複の, 二重の

a duplicate ratio
2乗比.

2 （文書・本・絵画など）副の, 写しの, 複製の；（一般に他のものと）まったく同じの, そっくりの

a duplicate key
合いかぎ

duplicate copies of a report
報告書の複写.

3 《トランプ》デュプリケートの.

━━[動] 〔djúplkèit | djú-〕 (他)

1 …の写しを作る, を複製［複写］する, 正副2通作る.

2 ((形式))〈姿・状況を〉再現する；…を繰り返す

duplicate an error
誤りを繰り返す.

3 …を二重［2倍］にする.

━━(自)重複する, 二重になる.

dú・pli・cà・tor

[名]((英古風))複写器；複製者.



triplicate[trip・li・cate]
  [名] 〔tríplikt〕 三つ組［3通書類］の1つ；((〜s))三つ組 

write a will in triplicate
遺書を3通作る.

━━[形] 〔tríplikt〕 〈書類などが〉3通作成された；〈事・物が〉3重［3倍］の.

━━[動] 〔tríplkèit〕 (他)

1 …を3重［3倍］にする.

2 〈書類などを〉（1通は正本, 2通は複写で）3通作成する. ⇒DUPLICATE(他)1

trìp・li・cá・tion

[名]