literal, abstract, Sutor, ne ultra crepidam

加斯東‧巴舍拉 (Gaston Bachelard) ，《空間詩學》 (LA POÉTIQUE DE L'ESPACE)，龔桌軍、王靜慧譯，台北：張老師文化， 2003   頁62[注12]

 這則 Sutor, ne ultra crepidam雖然與原書不同 (Ne sutor ultra crepidam)
 讀者可測驗一下您對拉丁文的猜測


One recent dawn as I listened to the floating abstractions of “Sunrise,” on which Mr. Kikuchi plays piano, I held the album cover up to the morning sun, let the brittle December light strike Ms. Kitami’s textured yellows and subtle blue-grays. As I looked and listened, the literal met the abstract to create a startling moment of stillness.不久前的一個黎明，我聽着由菊地演奏鋼琴的《日出》中漂浮着的抽象音符，將唱片封面放在清晨的太陽下，讓十二月的刺眼陽光打在北見女士那富有質感的黃色和細膩的藍灰色上。我看着、聽着，具實與抽象匯合在一起，營造出一派令人慨嘆的祥和。

literal

 

音節

lit • er • al

発音

lítərəl

レベル

社会人必須

literalの変化形

literals (複数形)

[形]

1 〈訳・解釈などが〉逐語的な, 原文に忠実な；〈意味などが〉文字［字義］どおりの（⇔figurative）

a literal translation
直訳, 逐語訳

literal style
（比喩的でない）普通の文体

a literal interpretation of a poem
詩の字句どおりの解釈.

2 〈人が〉文字どおりに受け取る, 融通のきかない, 想像力［おもしろみ］のない；〈説明・報告・記述・陳述などが〉事実に忠実な, 誇張のない.

3 ((強意))正真正銘の, まったくの

literal bankruptcy
完全な倒産.

4 文字（上）の, 文字で表現された；アルファベットの

a literal error
誤字.

━━[名]((英))誤字, 誤植.

lit・er・al・ness

[名]

Sutor, ne ultra crepidam

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Vasari's home in Florence, Apelles

Sutor, ne ultra crepidam is a Latin expression meaning literally "Shoemaker, not above the sandal", used to warn people to avoid passing judgment beyond their expertise.^[1]
Its origin is set down in Pliny the Elder's Naturalis Historia [XXXV, 85^[2] (Loeb IX, 323-325)] where he records that a shoemaker (sutor) had approached the painter Apelles of Kos to point out a defect in the artist's rendition of a sandal (crepida from Greek krepis), which Apelles duly corrected. Encouraged by this, the shoemaker then began to enlarge on other defects he considered present in the painting, at which point Apelles advised him that ne supra crepidam sutor iudicaret^[2] (a shoemaker should not judge above the sandal),^[2] which advice, Pliny observed, had become a proverbial saying.
The English essayist William Hazlitt most likely coined the term "Ultracrepidarian" as first used publicly in a ferocious letter to William Gifford, the editor of The Quarterly Review:

1819 HAZLITT Letter to W. Gifford Wks. 1902 I. 368 You have been well called an Ultra-Crepidarian critic. (Oxford English Dictionary 2nd ed.)

A related English proverb is "A cobbler should stick to his last" (a last being the wooden pattern used to mould the shoe).^{[citation needed]}

References

1. ^ "Famous Latin Proverbs and Sayings", Scribd.com, 2012, webpage.
2. ^ ^{a b c} Simpson, John (2009). A Dictionary of Proverbs (5th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-199-53953-7; ISBN 978-0-19953-953-6.