2018年4月7日 星期六

further, furthest, stipend, get out of hand



Once you start reading about Morris, things can get out of hand.

"The furthest a letter had travelled was more than 1,000km to Parliament House in Wellington from Tokanui at the bottom of the South Island and home to less than 200 people."
Prime minister receives 18 letters from school children whose messages were only allowed to pass through a maximum of five sets of hands
THEGUARDIAN.COM


stipend 
The Russell Ackoff Doctoral Student Fellowship program of the Wharton Risk Management and Decision Processes Center provides grants to University of Pennsylvania Ph.D. students who are pursuing research in decision making under risk and uncertainty.  The research fellowships are named in honor of an endowment provided to the Wharton School by the Anheuser-Busch Charitable Trust.  Professor Emeritus of Management Science, Russell Ackoff’s work was dedicated to furthering our understanding of human behavior in organizations.
The fellowship awards range from $1,000-$4,000.  Funds may be used for data collection, travel, and other direct research expenses (not stipend support, research assistants or computer purchases). Potential initiatives to receive funding include Insurability and Risk Management; Managing Environmental, Health and Safety Risks; Behavioral Economics; and Decision Processes.  Doctoral students throughout Penn engaged in on-going research that relates to problems in decision making under risk and uncertainty are encouraged to apply.

get out of hand

get out of hand. to become difficult to control: It was the end of term and the children were getting a little out of hand. (Definition of “get out of hand” from the Cambridge Learner's Dictionary © Cambridge University Press)

stipend
ˈstʌɪpɛnd/
noun
  1. a fixed regular sum paid as a salary or as expenses to a clergyman, teacher, or public official.



further



  • used as comparative of far



ADVERB

  • 1At, to, or by a greater distance (used to indicate the extent to which one thing or person is or becomes distant from another)
    ‘for some time I had wanted to move further from London’
    figurative ‘the EU seems to have moved further away from the original aims’
    1. 1.1with negative Used to emphasize the difference between a supposed or suggested fact or state of mind and the truth.
      ‘as for her being a liar, nothing could be further from the truth’
      ‘nothing could be further from his mind than marrying’
  • 2Over a greater expanse of space or time; for a longer way.
    ‘we had walked further than I realized’
    figurative ‘wages have been driven down even further’
    1. 2.1 Beyond the point already reached or the distance already covered.
      ‘Amelie decided to drive further up the coast’
      ‘before going any further we need to define our terms’
    2. 2.2 Beyond or in addition to what has already been done.
      ‘this theme will be developed further in Chapter 6’
    3. 2.3sentence adverb Used to introduce a new point relating to or reinforcing a previous statement.
      ‘On the Internet, the size and scope of the market is several orders of magnitude higher. Further, it is available 24 hours per day, 7 days per week’
    4. 2.4 At or to a more advanced, successful, or desirable stage.
      ‘determination could not get her any further’
      ‘at the end of three years they were no further on’

ADJECTIVE

  • 1More distant in space than another item of the same kind.
    ‘two men were standing at the further end of the clearing’
    1. 1.1 More remote from a central point.
      ‘the museum is in the further reaches of the town’
  • 2Additional to what already exists or has already taken place, been done, or been accounted for.
    ‘cook for a further ten minutes’

VERB

[WITH OBJECT]
  • Help the progress or development of (something); promote.
    ‘he had depended on using them to further his own career’

Usage

Is there any difference between further and farther in she moved further down the train and she moved farther down the train? Both words share the same roots: in the sentences given above, where the sense is ‘at, to, or by a greater distance’, there is no difference in meaning, and both are equally correct. Further is a much commoner word, though, and is in addition used in various abstract and metaphorical contexts, for example referring to time, in which farther is unusual, e.g. without further delay; have you anything further to say?; we intend to stay a further two weeks. The same distinction is made between farthest and furthest: the farthest point from the sun versus this first team has gone furthest in its analysis

Phrases

  • further to your (or our) —
    • formal Used at the beginning of a letter or in speech as a way of raising a matter discussed in an earlier letter, article, or conversation.
      ‘further to our letter of 12th October, we confirm that our client will give full vacant possession on completion’
  • not go any further
    • (of a secret) not be told to anyone else.
      ‘I feel I can talk to you knowing that whatever I say won't go any further’
  • until further notice
    • Used to indicate that a situation will not change until another announcement is made.
      ‘the museum is closed to the public until further notice’
  • until further orders
    • Used to indicate that a situation is only to change when another command is received.
      ‘they were to be kept in prison until further orders’

Origin

Old English furthor (adverb), furthra (adjective), fyrthrian (verb), of Germanic origin; related to forth.

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