modality, mode, model, modal, plaster, idea, replica,toy model

“I write a poem simply to create a mode of a priesthood in a church forever, so that a poem for me is simply the first sound realized in the modality of being.” —Charles Olson, born on this day in 1910. Read his Art of Poetry interview: bit.ly/1FCVV9S

Male nude posters plaster Vienna, draw complaints 維也納貼滿裸男海報引來抱怨

◎俞智敏
Naked men of all sizes and shapes are appearing on Vienna kiosks as a prestigious museum kicks off an exhibit of male nudity. But outside the exhibition, organizers are being forced into cover-up mode after a storm of complaints that the ad posters are offensive.
形形色色的裸男目前正出現在維也納各個書報攤上，因為一所知名美術館正在舉行一項裸男藝術展。但在展場外，由於大批民眾投訴展覽海報令人反感，主辦單位正被迫採取掩蔽行動。


漫畫來源: Ted Goff




Iran To Send White House Toy Model of Captured CIA Drone
U.S. officials, who have asked for the return of the unmanned craft, will instead get a $4 replica.


idea
n.

1. Something, such as a thought or conception, that potentially or actually exists in the mind as a product of mental activity.
2. An opinion, conviction, or principle: has some strange political ideas.
3. A plan, scheme, or method.
4. The gist of a specific situation; significance: The idea is to finish the project under budget.
5. A notion; a fancy.
6. Music. A theme or motif.
7. Philosophy.
   1. In the philosophy of Plato, an archetype of which a corresponding being in phenomenal reality is an imperfect replica.
   2. In the philosophy of Kant, a concept of reason that is transcendent but nonempirical.
   3. In the philosophy of Hegel, absolute truth; the complete and ultimate product of reason.
8. Obsolete. A mental image of something remembered.

[Middle English, from Latin, from Greek.]

idealess i·de'a·less adj.

SYNONYMS idea, thought, notion, concept, conception. These nouns refer to what is formed or represented in the mind as the product of mental activity. Idea has the widest range: "Human history is in essence a history of ideas" (H.G. Wells). Thought is distinctively intellectual and stresses contemplation and reasoning: "Language is the dress of thought" (Samuel Johnson). Notion often refers to a vague, general, or even fanciful idea: "She certainly has some notion of drawing" (Rudyard Kipling). Concept and conception are applied to mental formulations on a broad scale: You seem to have absolutely no concept of time. "Every succeeding scientific discovery makes greater nonsense of old-time conceptions of sovereignty" (Anthony Eden).

replica[rep・li・ca]

• レベル：社会人必須
• 発音記号[réplikə]
• 
  

[名]

1 レプリカ：原作者自身による自作の写し. ⇒REPRODUCTION 2

2 （一般に）模造品, 複製品, 写し；生き写し

a miniature replica of the Washington Monument
ワシントン記念塔の小さな模造品.

 plaster

 plăs'tər)
n.

1. A mixture of lime or gypsum, sand, and water, sometimes with fiber added, that hardens to a smooth solid and is used for coating walls and ceilings.
2. Plaster of Paris.
3. A pastelike mixture applied to a part of the body for healing or cosmetic purposes. Also called sticking plaster.
4. Chiefly British. An adhesive bandage.

v., -tered, -ter·ing, -ters. v.tr.

1. To cover, coat, or repair with plaster.
2. To cover or hide with or as if with a coat of plaster: plastered over our differences.
3. To apply a plaster to: plaster an aching muscle.
4. 1. To cover conspicuously, as with things pasted on; overspread: plaster the walls with advertising.
   2. To affix conspicuously, usually with a paste: plaster notices on all the doors.
5. To make smooth by applying a sticky substance: plaster one's hair with pomade.
6. To make adhere to another surface: "His hair was plastered to his forehead" (William Golding).
7. Informal.
   1. To inflict heavy damage or injury on.
   2. To defeat decisively.

v.intr.
To apply plaster.

[Middle English, from Old English, medical dressing, and from Old French plastre, cementing material, both from Latin emplastrum, medical dressing, from Greek emplastron, from emplassein, to plaster on : en-, in, on; see en-² + plassein, to mold.]

plasterer plas'ter·er n.
plastery plas'ter·y adj.

mode

n.

1. 1. A manner, way, or method of doing or acting: modern modes of travel. See synonyms at method.
   2. A particular form, variety, or manner: a mode of expression.
   3. A given condition of functioning; a status: The spacecraft was in its recovery mode.
2. The current or customary fashion or style. See synonyms at fashion.
3. Music.
   1. Any of certain fixed arrangements of the diatonic tones of an octave, as the major and minor scales of Western music.
   2. A patterned arrangement, as the one characteristic of the music of classical Greece or the medieval Christian Church.
4. Philosophy. The particular appearance, form, or manner in which an underlying substance, or a permanent aspect or attribute of it, is manifested.
5. Logic.
   1. See modality (sense 3).
   2. The arrangement or order of the propositions in a syllogism according to both quality and quantity.
6. Statistics. The value or item occurring most frequently in a series of observations or statistical data.
7. Mathematics. The number or range of numbers in a set that occurs the most frequently.
8. Geology. The mineral composition of a sample of igneous rock.
9. Physics. Any of numerous patterns of wave motion or vibration.
10. Grammar. Mood.

[Middle English, tune, from Latin modus, manner, tune. Sense 2, French, from Old French, fashion, manner, from Latin modus.]

[名]

1 ((形式))やり方, （…の）ふるまい方, 様式, 方式, 流儀((of ...))

a modeof life ［living］
生活様式

modes of thought
思考様式.

2 （存在・行動の）表れ方, ありよう, 形態；（機械などの稼働中の）ある特定の状態

a machine in automatic mode
自動作動状態にある機械

in manual mode
手動モードで

Heat is a mode of motion.
熱は運動の一形態である.

3 （生活様式・服装などの）慣習, 慣行

the contemporary mode
現代の慣行.

4 はやり, 流行, モード, ファッション. ⇒FASHION[類語]

new modes from Paris
パリ生まれのニューモード

in [out of] mode
流行して［遅れで］

follow the mode
流行を追う

be the latest mode
((形式))最新の流行である.

5 《哲学》様態, 様状；《論理学》様相.

6 《音楽》旋法, 音階, 調：ある音楽の中の中心音と, その周りに配置したいくつかの音で形成された音組織

church mode
教会施法（グレゴリオ聖歌など）

the major [the minor] mode
長［短］音階.

7 ((米))《文法》法(mood).

8 《統計学》最頻数, モード.

9 《コンピュータ》モード.

be in ... mode

((略式))…の心理状態にある

I'm in holiday mode now.
今はのんびりした気分だ.

［ラテン語modus（方法, 尺度）. △MODEL, MODERATE］

****

model

n.

1. A small object, usually built to scale, that represents in detail another, often larger object.
2. 1. A preliminary work or construction that serves as a plan from which a final product is to be made: a clay model ready for casting.
   2. Such a work or construction used in testing or perfecting a final product: a test model of a solar-powered vehicle.
3. A schematic description of a system, theory, or phenomenon that accounts for its known or inferred properties and may be used for further study of its characteristics: a model of generative grammar; a model of an atom; an economic model.
4. A style or design of an item: My car is last year's model.
5. One serving as an example to be imitated or compared: a model of decorum. See synonyms at ideal.
6. One that serves as the subject for an artist, especially a person employed to pose for a painter, sculptor, or photographer.
7. A person employed to display merchandise, such as clothing or cosmetics.
8. Zoology. An animal whose appearance is copied by a mimic.

v., -eled, also -elled, -el·ing, -el·ling, -els, -els.v.tr.

1. To make or construct a model of.
2. To plan, construct, or fashion according to a model.
3. To make conform to a chosen standard: He modeled his manners on his father's.
4. 1. To make by shaping a plastic substance: modeled a bust from clay.
   2. To form (clay, for example) into a shape.
5. To display by wearing or posing.
6. In painting, drawing, and photography, to give a three-dimensional appearance to, as by shading or highlighting.

v.intr.

1. To make a model.
2. To serve or work as a model.

adj.

1. Being, serving as, or used as a model.
2. Worthy of imitation: a model child.

[French modèle, from Italian modello, diminutive of modo, form, from Latin modus, measure, standard.]

modeler mod'el·er n.

[名]

1 手本, 模範, 鑑(かがみ), 規範；（比較の）基準となるべきもの

a model of honesty［chivalry］
正直の模範［武士の鑑］

after［on］ the model of ...
…を手本にして

serve as a model
手本になる

make a model of ...
…を模範にする.

2 （…の）模型, 原型, ひな型, 見本(small copy)((for, of ...))

a model for a statue
彫刻の原型

a working model of a car
自動車の実動模型

a model in wax［a wax model］
ろうで作った模型.

3 （芸術作品の）モデル, 題材；ファッションモデル.

4 ((婉曲))娼婦.

5 （自動車・機械などの）型, 型式

the latest model
最新型

a 1981 model car
1981年型の自動車

My typewriter is an old model.
ぼくのタイプライターは旧式だ.

6 《論理学・数学》モデル.

7 《動物》（擬態における）模型, 被模倣者.

8 ((英略式))生き写し, そっくりのもの

He's a ［the］ perfect model of his uncle.
おじさんそっくりだ.

9 ((英))オリジナルデザイン.

━━[形]((限定))

1 模型の；（製品などの）型［様式］を示す, モデルとなるような

a model apartment
アパートのモデルルーム.

2 模範的な, 手本となる

a model student
模範学生

a model prison
理想的な刑務所.

━━[動]（〜ed, 〜・ing；((英))〜led, 〜・ling）(他)

1 ［III[名]（[副]）］…を（…をモデルに）作る((on, upon, after ...))

The novel is modeled on a Greek myth.
その小説はギリシャ神話が基になっている

This school modeled itself upon Eton.
この学校はイートン校を手本にして作られた.

2 …を形作る, こしらえる

model a garden
庭園をこしらえる.

3 …の模型［ひな型；見本］を作る；［make A into B/make B out of A］A（材料）でB（模型）を作る

model a bust in plaster
石こうで胸像の原型を作る.

4 〈モデルが〉〈衣服などを〉着て見せる.

━━(自)

1 模型［ひな型］を（…で）作る, （彫刻などの）原型を作る((in ...))

2 〈絵などが〉立体感を帯びる, 鮮やかに浮き立つ.

3 モデルをする

model for an artist
画家のモデルをする.

［イタリア語modello （modo尺度＋-ello指小辞＝小さな尺度）. △MODULATE, MODE］

mod・el・er

[名]

modality

mo¦dal|ity

Pronunciation: /mə(ʊ)ˈdalɪti 

  

/

Definition of modality in English:

NOUN (plural modalities)

1[MASS NOUN] Modal quality:the harmony had a touch of modality

MORE EXAMPLE SENTENCES

2A particular mode in which something exists or isexperienced or expressed.

EXAMPLE SENTENCES

2.1A particular method or procedure:the modalities of troop withdrawals

MORE EXAMPLE SENTENCES

2.2A particular form of sensory perception:the visual and auditory modalities

MORE EXAMPLE SENTENCES

Origin

early 17th century: from medieval Latin modalitas, frommodalis (see modal).

modal

Pronunciation: /ˈməʊd(ə)l 

  

/

Definition of modal in English:

ADJECTIVE

1Relating to mode or form as opposed to substance.

EXAMPLE SENTENCES

2Grammar Of or denoting the mood of a verb.

EXAMPLE SENTENCES

2.1Relating to a modal verb.

EXAMPLE SENTENCES

3Statistics Relating to a value that occurs most frequently in a given set of data.

EXAMPLE SENTENCES

4Music Of or denoting music using melodies orharmonies based on modes other than the ordinarymajor and minor scales.

EXAMPLE SENTENCES

5Logic (Of a proposition) in which the predicate is affirmed of the subject with some qualification, or which involves the affirmation of possibility,impossibility, necessity, or contingency.

EXAMPLE SENTENCES

NOUN

GrammarBack to top  

A modal word or construction.

EXAMPLE SENTENCES

Origin

mid 16th century (in sense 5 of the adjective): frommedieval Latin modalis, from Latin modus (see mode).