Heat Sink

本文將以此為前提來設計散熱片。從求出熱傳導率及散熱量的公式來考慮即可得知，散熱片（Heat Sink）的大概性能可通過簡單的手工計算來求得。下面將結合首款PS3的實例，證實手工計算得出……

4-H competitions, circuitousness

EDITORIAL

A Looking Glass Steer

Published: August 26, 2010

Being a farm kid used to be simpler. That was our thought upon learning that this year’s grand champion steer at the Iowa State Fair’s 4-H Market Beef competition is a clone of the 2008 grand champion steer. This year’s winner — who weighs 1,320 pounds and is named Doc — was “conceived” from an ear punch taken from his esteemed predecessor. The result was a cloned bull that was then neutered to produce Doc the steer.

Both winning animals were owned by the Haber family, from Sioux Center, Iowa, which runs a livestock reproduction company and is partners with an agriculture cloning firm. So far, there is no rule against showing cloned animals in 4-H competitions.

Just to complete the strange circuitousness in this story, Doc was purchased back at auction by his breeders in order to keep him from merging with the general beef supply after slaughter. That is in accordance with a voluntary moratorium on cloned meat requested by the Department of Agriculture.

Because Doc’s cloning wasn’t revealed until a couple of days later, fairgoers who attended the judging were deprived of the full “Groundhog Day” moment. The ethics of cloning animals is complicated enough. But we think it’s safe to say that the showing of cloned animals seems unfair, if only because the technology is well out of the reach of most farm families, who have to make do the old-fashioned way with cows and bulls.

And yet Doc has been useful. A cloned steer highlights the peculiar limitation of cloning, as opposed to ordinary reproduction. Cloning can only ever replicate what is, while biological breeding — even with artificial insemination and embryo transplants common in the cattle industry — continues to offer what hasn’t yet been.

cir・cu・i・tous

• 〔srkjúts〕

[形]回り道［遠回り］の；遠回しの, 回りくどい.

cir・cu・i・tous・ly

[副]

cir・cu・i・tous・ness

[名]

steer²

• 〔stír〕

[名]（特に食用に去勢された）雄の若牛.

donut, doughnut, state fair

Who's performing tonight at the New York State Fair? The twelve-day New York State Fair begins today inSyracuse, with Aerosmith performing. Others who will appear at the fair's Grandstand Concerts include Rihanna,Justin Bieber and Tim McGraw. New York's is the oldest and one of the three best-attended state fairs; Texas and Minnesota host the only state fairs with higher attendance. Unfortunately, falling attendance in recent years forced the cash-strapped state of Michigan to cancel its annual state fair. But, other states continue the tradition, hosting competitions for best homemade products, livestock and handicrafts, as well as rides, games, and entertainment. State fairs also begin today in Alaska and Minnesota; and tomorrow in Maryland, Nebraskaand Oregon.

Quote:

"Our state fair is a great state fair/ Don't miss it, don't even be late. It's dollars to donuts That our state fair Is the best state fair in our state."— Rodgers and Hammerstein, State Fair,

dough·nut do·nut (dō'nŭt', -nət)

n.

1. A small ring-shaped cake made of rich, light dough that is fried in deep fat. Also called olicook.
2. Something whose form is reminiscent of a ring-shaped cake.
3. A fast, tight 360° turn made in a motor vehicle or motorized boat.

M-16, M16, tube fed, clip-fed

英國政府軍情六處（MI6，又稱秘密情報局）

M-16
n.
A .223-caliber, gas-operated, clip-fed assault rifle, first used by U.S. troops during the Vietnam War.

this is only my opinion. I think the tube fed looks neat. I have had both styles of rifles and you will not find any differance in performance. It will be faster to load a clip than a tube fed style rifle same goes for unloading.

cártridge clìp

（薬包の）挿弾子.

1 紙ばさみ(clipboard)；クリップ；（書類・手紙などを留める）留め金具(paper clip)

a hair clip
ヘアピン.

2 ＝cartridge clip.

3 （ピンで留める）宝石などの装飾品；ネクタイどめ.

4 自転車に乗る人がズボンを足首で締める用具.

5 ((古))抱擁.

━━[名]

1 切ること, 刈り込み；刈り取られたもの；((豪・NZ))（特に）1回［1シーズン］の刈り込みで得た羊毛（の量）.

2 ((〜s))((スコット))植木［大］ばさみ；つめ切り.

3 映画フィルムの一断片, フィルムクリップ(film clip)；（テレビの）短いニュース；（宣伝用の）短い音楽ビデオ, ビデオクリップ.

4 ((略式))抜粋；（新聞・雑誌の）切り抜き(clipping).

5 ((英略式))（手・むちなどによる）素早い痛打

a clip round the ear ［earhole］
横っつらへの一発.

6 ((略式))（すごい）スピード

at a （brisk ［fast, good, rapid］） clip ［＝at one clip］
一気に, 急速に.

7 ((米俗))泥棒.

8 ((米俗))利口な人；詐欺師.

9 ((米略式))1度, 1回

＄100 a clip
1回100ドル.

［スカンジナビア語. アイルランド語klippa（切る）］

on the cheap, on a shoestring

Prague on a shoestring

The Czech capital is rapidly becoming one of Europe's hottest tourist
destinations, but that doesn't mean that you can't still see it on the
cheap. With tips on everything from fried cheese to opera tickets, this
handy travel guide will let you in on all the insider secrets.

Economically, at very little cost, as in We're traveling around Europe on the cheap. [Colloquial; mid-1800s]

fakeout, convenient crutch

But first, a warning: On the way to understanding how your life will get better, you’ll have to read about some technical, fairly arcane topics. Trust me: it’ll be worth it.

In this case, the topic is your Web browsing, and the magic wand is a free service called OpenDNS.

You know how every Web site has an address, like www.google.com orwww.nytimes.com? Turns out that’s just a fakeout. It’s a convenient crutch for you, the human with limited brain capacity.

Behind the scenes, the actual address is a string of numbers (called an I.P. address, for Internet protocol) that looks something like this: 74.125.53.100. (That happens to beGoogle’s address.)

Nobody can remember those addresses, though they are no longer than a phone number, so the Web’s thoughtful designers came up with a secondary system: plain-English addresses like www.whatever.com. When you type that into your browser, a computer at your Internet provider performs a quick lookup. “Aha,” it says to itself in its little digital way, “you just typed www.google.com. What you really want, of course, is 74.125.53.100. Please hold; I’ll connect you.”

That, in a nutshell, is how D.N.S. works. (It stands for domain name system, in case that helps.)

fakeout

A term used in technical analysis to refer to a situation in which a trader enters into a position in anticipation of a future transaction signal or price movement, but the signal or movement never develops and the asset moves in the opposite direction.

energy-efficient performance and connectivity,security

"In the past, energy-efficient performance and connectivity have defined computing requirements," Paul Otellini, Intel's chief executive, said in a statement. "Looking forward, security will join those as a third pillar of what people demand from all computing experiences."

people of means,six figure, catch on

Trevor Tondro for The New York Times

The Six-Figure Fish Tank Catches On

By JENNIFER A. KINGSON

Among people of means, expensive aquariums are the latest status symbol. Above, a 700-gallon tank suspended from the ceiling of a West Village town house apartment.

catch on

1. Understand, as in Aunt Mary doesn't catch on to any jokes. The verb to catch alone was used with this meaning from Shakespeare's time, on being added in the late 1800s. Also see get it, def. 2.
2. Become popular, as in This new dance is really beginning to catch on. [Late 1800s]

‘Factory Farm’, animal welfare movement, phase out tight confinement of livestock,

Kirk Irwin for The New York Times

‘Factory Farm’ Limits Gain Momentum

By ERIK ECKHOLM 29 minutes ago

Heartland Quality Egg Farm, where each cage is the size of a newspaper, with six or seven hens. Ohio farmers agreed to phase out tight confinement of livestock, underscoring the clout of the animal welfare movement.

mirthless, -ese, sometime actress

Woman in Hurd Case Regrets Dismissal

The woman at the center of the ethics scandal that cost Mark Hurd the top job at Hewlett-Packard identified herself as Jodie Fisher, a 50-year-old sometime actress.



a mirthless boy

我問過老美老師這個問題，他的答案是字尾"ese"，是有點輕視的意思(但年輕的一輩已漸漸淡忘)

-ese

suff.

1. Of, relating to, characteristic of, or originating in a specified place: Vietnamese.
2. Native or inhabitant of: Taiwanese.
3. 1. Language or dialect of: Chinese.
   2. Literary style or diction of: journalese.

[Middle English, from Italian, from Latin -ēnsis, originating in.]

mirth (mûrth) 
n.
Gladness and gaiety, especially when expressed by laughter.

[Middle English, from Old English myrgth.]

sometime

adv.

1. At an indefinite or unstated time: I'll meet you sometime this afternoon.
2. At an indefinite time in the future: Let's get together sometime.
3. Obsolete. Sometimes.
4. Archaic. Formerly.

adj.

1. Having been at some prior time; former: a sometime secretary.
2. Usage Problem. Occasional.

USAGE NOTE Sometime as an adjective has been employed to mean "former" since the 15th century. Since the 1930s, people have used it to mean "occasional": the team's sometime star and sometime problem child. This latter use, however, is unacceptable to a majority of the Usage Panel. See Usage Notes at someday.

pass out, Naples, part-answers

various part-answers to this question

pass out
1. Distribute, as in He passed out the papers. [Early 1900s]
2. Also, pass out cold. Faint, as in When she heard the news she passed out cold. [Early 1900s] Also see out cold.


Nearpolis (Greek) newtown

Naples (Italian: Napoli listen (help·info), pronounced [ˈna(ː)poli], Neapolitan: Napule) is a city in Italy; it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples. The city is known for its rich history, art, culture, architecture, music and gastronomy, playing an important role in the history of the Italian peninsula and beyond^[2] throughout much of its existence, which began more than 2,800 years ago. Naples is located halfway between two volcanic areas, the volcano Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, sitting on the coast by the Gulf of Naples.

behind, blowing the problem out of proportion,

But in an effort to put the problem behind the company, Mr. Jobs offered free bumpers to all iPhone 4 customers. By insulating the antenna from human touch, the bumpers solve the reception problems. Mr. Jobs also said that the iPhone 4 was the most successful new product introduction in Apple’s history. He said complaints among customers were minimal and he accused the media of blowing the problem out of proportion.


behind
adv.

1. In, to, or toward the rear: We walked behind.
2. In a place or condition that has been passed or left: I left my gloves behind.
3. In arrears; late: I fell behind in my payments.
4. Below the standard level; in or into an inferior position: Don't fall behind in class.
5. Slow: My watch is running behind.
6. Archaic. Yet to come.

prep.

1. At the back of or in the rear of: He sat behind her.
2. On the farther side or other side of; beyond: The broom is behind the door.
3. In a place or time that has been passed or left by: Their worries are behind them.
4. 1. Later than: The plane was behind schedule.
   2. Used to indicate deficiency in performance: behind us in technological development.
5. 1. Hidden or concealed by: hatred hidden behind a bland smile.
   2. In the background of; underlying: Behind your every action is self-interest.
6. In a position or attitude of support: The leaders have the army behind them.
7. In pursuit of: The police were hard behind the escapees.

n.
Informal. The buttocks.

taking their work commitments to unhealthy lengths

Germans have a reputation for efficiency and organisation, but some
employees are taking their work commitments to unhealthy lengths. A recent
study show two thirds of the German workforce responds to business
correspondence out of office hours - even if they're on holidays. So when
does dedication turn into addiction?

The DW-WORLD.DE Article
http://newsletter.dw-world.de/re?l=ew5p2xI44va89pI1


length
n.

1. The state, quality, or fact of being long. See Usage Note at strength.
2. The measurement of the extent of something along its greatest dimension: the length of the boat.
3. A piece, often of a standard size, that is normally measured along its greatest dimension: a length of cloth.
4. A measure used as a unit to estimate distances: won the race by a length.
5. Extent or distance from beginning to end: the length of a novel; the length of a journey.
6. The amount of time between specified moments; the duration: the length of a meeting.
7. Extent or degree to which an action or policy is carried. Often used in the plural: went to great lengths to prove his point.
8. Linguistics.
   1. The duration of a vowel.
   2. The duration of a syllable.
9. The vertical extent of a garment. Often used in combination: knee-length; floor-length.

idiom:

at length

1. After some time; eventually: At length we arrived at our destination.
2. For a considerable time; fully: spoke at length about the court ruling.

[Middle English, from Old English lengthu.]

Biopsy Diagnosis Prone to Error

Earliest Steps to Find Breast Cancer Are Prone to Error

By STEPHANIE SAUL

Biopsy diagnosis can be surprisingly prone to error in identifying breast cancer, often leading to unnecessary and disfiguring surgery.

n., pl., -sies.

1. The removal and examination of a sample of tissue from a living body for diagnostic purposes.
2. A sample so obtained.

tr.v., -sied, -sy·ing, -sies.
To remove (tissue) from a living body for diagnostic purposes.

biopsic bi·op'sic (bī-ŏp'sĭk) or bi·op'tic (-tĭk) adj.

work and nonwork life is in balance/ Life space

work and nonwork life is in balance,

work of nonfiction

Life space
The limited time and space which an individual has in which to pursue a necessarily limited range of opportunities. Life space is the interaction of the individual with her or his behaviour setting.

recent first families

The Kids Are All Right
By GAIL COLLINS
Chelsea Clinton’s approaching wedding day gives us occasion to celebrate successful children from recent first families.



recent
adj.

1. Of, belonging to, or occurring at a time immediately before the present.
2. Modern; new.
3. Recent Geology. Of, belonging to, or denoting the Holocene Epoch.

[Middle English, new, fresh, from Latin recēns, recent-.]

recency re'cen·cy or re'cent·ness n.
recently re'cent·ly adv.

bring-your-own-bottle event, guerrilla restaurant,itinerant

They had driven down from Brentwood, from Silver Lake and the Hollywood Hills to park on East Ninth Street near one of the only lighted storefronts for blocks. They walked from their vehicles with wine and greeted one another at the entrance with nods and smiles of recognition. They were members of the same audience, patrons of the same art.

A bring-your-own-bottle event called LudoBites 5.0 had brought them here, a guerrilla restaurant run by the itinerant Burgundy-born chef Ludovic Lefebvre and his wife, Kristine Lefebvre. It opened on July 21 and runs through Sept. 3.

on land, in shallow waters,

Big Oil’s Big Shift
by Viren Doshi, Hege Nordahl, and Adrian del Maestro

As a result of the Gulf accident, the oil industry faces profound changes — not just in the management of environmental risks, but in every aspect of its business. The companies that figure out how to move beyond their past practices, troubled contractor relationships, and rigid management structures will lead the next generation in the oil sector: on land, in shallow waters, and in deep and remote locations.

therefrom, thence, thereof

The adverb therefrom has 2 meanings:

Meaning #1: from that circumstance or source
Synonyms: thence, thereof

Meaning #2: from that place or from there
Synonym: thence